CN1318295C - 用硬质果壳制作电容器专用活性炭的方法 - Google Patents

用硬质果壳制作电容器专用活性炭的方法 Download PDF

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CN1318295C
CN1318295C CNB2005100472592A CN200510047259A CN1318295C CN 1318295 C CN1318295 C CN 1318295C CN B2005100472592 A CNB2005100472592 A CN B2005100472592A CN 200510047259 A CN200510047259 A CN 200510047259A CN 1318295 C CN1318295 C CN 1318295C
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active carbon
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CN1824604A (zh
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古可隆
李国君
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Chaoyang Senyuan Activated Carbon Co., Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明是用硬质果壳制作电容器专用活性炭的方法,它是以废弃硬质果壳为原料,经炭化、活化、水洗、烘干处理而得到,原料经筛选、破碎粒度至3~5mm,于400~500℃炭化处理1~2小时;将炭化料与氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾按1∶1.0~2.5∶04.~1.2重量配比混合,于700~800℃活化处理2~3小时;将活化物料加入水中冷却,滤出物料水洗并加酸中和,水洗液pH值至6~7,烘干后即可得到成品。利用该方法制备的活性炭,比表面积大,吸附能力优良,孔隙分布合理,综合理化指标优于目前世界同类产品,制作成本为10~15万元/吨(人民币),该产品最适合应用于双电层电容器电极的制作。

Description

用硬质果壳制作电容器专用活性炭的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高比表面专用活性炭的制备方法,特别是主分类为COIB31/08用硬质果壳制作超级电容器电极活性炭的方法。
发明背景
超级电容器是二十世纪八十年代开始在世界上出现的物理电源储存新技术,超级电容器电极的核心材料是高性能、高比表面积、指定孔隙大小的高性能超级电容器专用活性炭(简称电极炭)。电极炭在上世纪80年代由美国AMOCO公司开发,但只能少量商业化生产,随后日本也开始少量商业化生产,中国自1993年开始研究,至今未能真正实现工业化生产。美国、日本生产电极炭是以树脂和同性沥青为原料,专利号为01123095.9,名称“活性炭及其生产方法、可极化电极、以及双电层电容器”,该技术由日本一家企业研制发明,是由颗粒状各向同性的沥青经热处理和活化制作静电容大的活性炭;专利号为00118967.0。名称“制作超级电容器电极的活性炭制备方法”由天津大学公开了一种制作超级电容器电极的活性炭制作方法,该方法是以酚醛树脂为原料,主要经过焦化、炭化、活化处理,再经水洗、烘干制得所需活性炭。上述方法特别是以树脂为原料生产的电极炭价格昂贵,一般在80~160万元/吨(人民币)。这也是难以实现大量商业化生产的主要原因。目前硬质果壳如杏、榛、核桃、枣核等各种核壳,大都用来作燃料使用,部分行业用硬质果壳制作食糖脱色用活性炭,由于该类活性炭所能达到的孔隙分布、比表面积等技术指标不高,只能用于食糖脱色、饮水净化行业,对于那些要求比表面积较高、吸附能力较强、孔隙分布能够满足特殊专业的领域,该类活性炭将远远不能达到。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用硬质果壳为原料制作电容器专用活性炭的方法,利用该方法制备的活性炭,比表面积大,吸附能力优良,孔隙分布合理;制作成本平均10~15万元/吨(人民币),该活性炭最适合应用于双电层电容器制造,是超级电容器电极的核心材料。
为了达到上述目的,本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的:是采用硬质果壳为原料,经炭化、活化、水洗、烘干处理来制取电容器电极专用活性炭的方法,其技术特征是:
a)原料经筛选、破碎粒度至3~5mm,于400~500℃炭化处理1~2小时;
b)将炭化料与氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾按1∶1.0~2.5∶0.4~1.2重量配比混合,于700~800℃活化处理2~3小时;
c)将活化物料加入水中冷却,滤出物料水洗并加酸中和,水洗液PH值至6~7,烘干后即可得到成品。
本发明还可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
经实验本发明炭化温度适宜于450~480℃。采用化学活化工艺,在活化剂KOH、NaOH、ZnCL、CaCL2当中选用NaOH和KOH为本方法的组合活化剂,炭化料与氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾的重量配比为选择为1∶1.5~2.0∶0.6~1.0,活化温度选择为750~800℃,时间为2~3小时较适宜,当活化温度继续升高、活化时间越长,活性炭的综合理化性能不是提高,而是降低,炭碱配比将影响活性炭孔隙的形成,冷却后的滤出物料水洗加入盐酸中和。所用的硬质果壳为杏核壳、椰壳、核桃壳、榛子壳、桃核壳、枣核壳、山楂籽等各种坚硬果实的核壳。
实施例以列表形式表达。
  原料品种1000g   炭化温度℃   活化温度℃   加碱量(g)KOH+NaOH     活化时间(小时)  碘吸附值mg/g  比表面积M2/g
  椰壳   480   780   800+1700     2  1300~1400  2000~2400
  杏核壳   450   750   700+1600     2  1300~1500  2200~2500
  桃壳、枣核   420   700   850+1600     2  1300~1400  2000~2400
  核桃壳   450   750   850+1800     3  1400~1600  2300~2600
  榛壳   420   720   700+2000     3  1300~1400  2200~2400
  杏核壳   480   780   1000+1500     3  1500~1600  2500~2600
将杏核壳1000g破碎,粒度在3~5mm,于450℃±5温度下炭化2小时,再将炭化料与90%氢氧化钠1780g和85%氢氧化钾825g(工业品含量80~90%)混合均匀,于750±5℃温度下在转式活化炉内活化处理2小时,将活化物料迅速放入水中冷却,滤出物料水洗加盐酸中和,使水洗液PH值达6~7,将物料烘干研磨至需要颗粒细度即可。
本发明产品与树脂法产品对比表
    生产国     美国、日本   本发明企业
    原料工艺     树脂法   硬质果壳炭化活化法
所用活化剂与配比     树脂∶KOH=1∶3.5~8   杏壳炭化料∶NaOH∶KOH=1∶1.0~2.5∶0.4~1.2
孔隙分布的吸附指标     比表面积:2500~3000m2/g孔径分布:1~3nm碘吸附值:1600~2000mg/g亚甲兰吸附:20~35ml比重:0.3~0.4g/ml   比表面积:2000~2600m2/g孔径分布:0.8~2.2nm碘吸附值:1300~1600mg/g亚甲兰吸附:20~30ml比重:0.4~0.5g/ml
    平均价格(人民币)     80~160万元/吨   10~15万元/吨
    主要技术性能     放电时间:2分20秒   放电时间:3分0秒
用本发明制备的活性炭,由上表列出的放电时间可以看出,放电时间越长,说明活性炭孔隙分布越合理;在选定一适宜的活化温度区间同时,组合活化剂以及适宜的配比量也是提高活性炭综合理化指标的关键因素。本发明产品经近年来为国内有关能源企业试用证明,该产品极适用于双电层超级电容器电极的制作,品质和综合技术指标优于目前世界同类产品,产品价格极具竞争力。

Claims (6)

1、用硬质果壳制作电容器专用活性炭的方法,它是以废弃硬质果壳为原料,经炭化、活化、水洗、烘干处理而得到,其特征是:
a)原料经筛选、破碎粒度至3~5mm,于400~500℃炭化处理1~2小时;
b)将炭化料与氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾按1∶1.0~2.5∶0.4~1.2重量配比混合,于700~800℃活化处理2~3小时;
c)将活化物料加入水中冷却,滤出物料水洗并加酸中和,水洗液PH值至6~7,烘干后即可得到成品。
2、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是所述的炭化温度为450~480℃。
3、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是炭化料与氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾的重量配比为1∶1.5~2.0∶0.6~1.0。
4、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是所述活化温度为750~800℃。
5、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是中和酸为盐酸。
6、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是所述的硬质果壳为杏核壳、椰壳、核桃壳、榛子壳、桃核壳、枣核壳、山楂籽。
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CN100463850C (zh) * 2006-09-13 2009-02-25 海南大学 用椰壳渣制备低灰高比表面积活性炭的方法
CN100396608C (zh) * 2006-09-15 2008-06-25 江苏工业学院 一种制备中孔丰富的高比表面积活性炭的方法
CN101125650A (zh) * 2007-07-27 2008-02-20 朝阳森塬活性炭有限公司 用竹子制作的电容器专用活性炭及方法
CN101780952A (zh) * 2010-03-26 2010-07-21 上海交通大学 负载功能氧化物多孔炭的制备方法
CN102874803A (zh) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-16 栾清杨 一种用于活性炭板材的活性炭的制备工艺
CN102354613A (zh) * 2011-09-14 2012-02-15 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 一种超级电容器电极材料及其制备方法
CN103346025A (zh) * 2013-06-26 2013-10-09 西北师范大学 用紫菜制备超级电容器电极材料的方法
CN104843702A (zh) * 2015-04-25 2015-08-19 海南大学 席草活性炭及其制备方法
CN105731752B (zh) * 2016-04-29 2019-04-26 东北大学 一种利用剩余污泥和榛子壳共热解制备生物炭的方法
CN105923634B (zh) * 2016-05-06 2019-01-15 海南大学 超级电容器用椰壳纤维基活性炭及其制备方法
CN105957729B (zh) * 2016-05-18 2019-01-18 哈尔滨万鑫石墨谷科技有限公司 一种超级电容器柔性电极、制备方法及超级电容器
CN106006630A (zh) * 2016-05-19 2016-10-12 青岛大学 一种活性炭材料的制备方法
CN106145088B (zh) * 2016-06-28 2018-05-25 湘潭大学 一种生物质多孔碳材料及其制备方法和应用
CN106904611B (zh) * 2017-03-20 2018-06-29 陕西师范大学 一种核桃壳活性炭的制备方法
CN109607534A (zh) * 2019-01-28 2019-04-12 广西农垦糖业集团昌菱制糖有限公司 一种利用蔗渣生产活性炭的加工工艺
CN111710536B (zh) * 2020-05-20 2022-02-11 上海应用技术大学 一种五氧化二钒/山楂基多孔碳复合材料及其制备方法和应用
CN115504468A (zh) * 2022-09-27 2022-12-23 东莞理工学院 一种提高核桃壳基活性炭甲苯吸附突破时间的改性方法

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Granted publication date: 20070530

Pledgee: Chaoyang bank Limited by Share Ltd

Pledgor: Chaoyang Senyuan Activated Carbon Co., Ltd.

Registration number: 2013990000186

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Date of cancellation: 20131121

Granted publication date: 20070530

Pledgee: Chaoyang bank Limited by Share Ltd

Pledgor: Chaoyang Senyuan Activated Carbon Co., Ltd.

Registration number: 2013990000186

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Denomination of invention: Method of making special active carbon for capacitor using hard fruit shell

Effective date of registration: 20131121

Granted publication date: 20070530

Pledgee: Chaoyang bank Limited by Share Ltd

Pledgor: Chaoyang Sen yuan Activated Carbon Co., Ltd.|Chaoyang Yuan Li Yuan new energy Co., Ltd.

Registration number: 2013990000877

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Date of cancellation: 20201218

Granted publication date: 20070530

Pledgee: Chaoyang bank Limited by Share Ltd.

Pledgor: CHAOYANG SHENYUAN ACTIVE CARBON Co.,Ltd.

Registration number: 2013990000877

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Denomination of invention: Preparation of activated carbon for capacitor with hard shell

Effective date of registration: 20201218

Granted publication date: 20070530

Pledgee: Chaoyang bank Limited by Share Ltd.

Pledgor: CHAOYANG SHENYUAN ACTIVE CARBON Co.,Ltd.

Registration number: Y2020990001465