CN1317102A - 恶劣环境中所用的光缆 - Google Patents
恶劣环境中所用的光缆 Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency
- E21B47/135—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency using light waves, e.g. infrared or ultraviolet waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4415—Cables for special applications
- G02B6/4427—Pressure resistant cables, e.g. undersea cables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/44382—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables the means comprising hydrogen absorbing materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4479—Manufacturing methods of optical cables
- G02B6/4484—Manufacturing methods of optical cables with desired surplus length between fibres and protection features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4479—Manufacturing methods of optical cables
- G02B6/4486—Protective covering
- G02B6/4488—Protective covering using metallic tubes
Abstract
一种光缆,包括一芯和一环绕的保护层。该芯包括一具有一或多根光纤的内管,保护层包括设置在内管上面的一外管,一层缓冲材料设置在外管和内管之间。缓冲材料保持内管对中地位于外管内并在内管和外管之间提供了机械连接,以防止其间的相对移动。内管涂覆有氢渗透性低的材料以尽量减小氢进入内管。氢渗透性低的材料可涂覆一硬且防擦伤材料的保护层,以保护氢渗透性低的材料的整体性。内管中未由光纤占据的区域可充填一充填材料,选择该充填材料以具有足够的黏度,以便抵抗内管中光纤的重量所施加在其上的剪力,同时允许在卷绕、铺设和处理光缆期间光纤在内管中移动,由此防止光纤的损伤和微量弯曲。可以用氢吸收/清除材料浸渍充填材料以排除内管中所有过量的氢。光纤相对于内管具有一过长的长度,并且光缆可包括一高温的保护材料外套,以在处理和安装期间保护光缆。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光缆,具体说涉及一种恶劣环境所用的光缆。
发明背景
随着尤其是恶劣环境如油井和气井中所用的纤维光学传感器的发展,对于能够在恶劣环境生存的光缆有增加的需求。例如,在井下的纤维光学传感应用中所遭遇的恶劣环境对于井下环境中所用的光缆的设计提出了严格的要求。这样一种光缆可被用于将一井下的纤维光学传感器连接于位于井孔表面处的仪器。
井下的环境状态可能包括温度超过130℃,液态压力超过100Bar,振动,腐蚀性化学成分和存在氢的高局部压力。井下应用也导致要求生产1000米长度或更长的光缆。由于在这种应用中光缆的长度较长,光缆必须被设计成支承包含在其中的光纤以防与光纤的长度造成的重量相关的过度变形。
氢对光纤的光学性能的有害影响,尤其在用于通讯领域的海底设施中,长期以来已有记载。为了保护光纤免受氢的影响,已经采用了密封涂层和阻隔层,如碳层等,以尽量减小在海底通讯设施中氢的影响。但在恶劣的井下环境中所存在的高温下,这种涂层失去了对氢渗透性的抵抗能力。此外,在这种高温下,氢对光纤的影响可能加剧和增强。
所以,需要一种适合在这种恶劣环境中使用的光缆。
发明概述
本发明的一个目的是提供一种在恶劣环境中使用的光缆。
本发明的还一目的是提供这样一种光缆,它能尽量减小光纤暴露于恶劣环境所含的氢中,特别是在高温下。
本发明的还一目的是提供这样一种光缆,其中包含在光缆中的光纤在一广泛的工作温度范围内不会经受明显的有害变形。
根据本发明,一光缆包括一芯和一环绕的保护层。该芯包括一具有包含在其中的一或多根光纤的内管,环绕的保护层包括设置在内管上面的一外管,一层缓冲材料设置在外管和内管之间。缓冲材料保持内管通常对中地位于外管内并在内管和外管之间提供了机械连接,以防止其间的相对移动。
进一步根据本发明,内管可涂覆有氢渗透性低的材料以尽量减小氢进入内管。还根据本发明,氢渗透性低的材料可涂覆一硬且防擦伤材料的保护层,以保护氢渗透性低的材料的整体性。
再根据本发明,内管中的区域可充填一充填材料,选择该充填材料以具有足够的黏度,以便抵抗内管中光纤的重量所施加在其上的剪力,同时允许在卷绕、铺设和处理光缆期间光纤在内管中移动,由此防止光纤的损伤和微量弯曲。还根据本发明,可以用氢吸收/清除材料浸渍充填材料。
进一步根据本发明,光纤相对于内管具有一过长的长度。还是根据本发明,光缆可包括一高温的保护材料的外套,以在处理和安装期间保护光缆。
本发明的优点相对于现有技术提供了明显的优点。通过使光纤尽量不暴露于氢,该光缆可明显地抵抗氢的有害影响。光缆的内管涂覆有氢渗透性低的材料,以限制氢侵入内管。此外,用氢吸收/清除材料浸渍内管中的充填材料,以排除可能进入内管的任何氢。在氢渗透性低的材料的上面设置一保护性涂层,以保持涂层的整体性,以处理和制造光缆。为了提供能够在恶劣环境中铺设的高强度光缆,内管由保护层环绕,其包括由一外管环绕的缓冲材料。
从下面结合附图说明的示例性实施例中,可更明显看出本发明的上述和其他目的,特征和优点。
附图的简要描述
图1是本发明的光缆的剖视图;和
图2是图1所示的光缆在油井和/或气井的井孔内的透视图。
现在参照图1,根据本发明的制造的一光缆10包括一纤维在金属管内(FIMT)的芯11,其具有一环绕一或多根光纤16,17的内管13。内管13可以是一激光焊接的管,如一沿长度方向激光焊接的管,由一种如耐蚀金属合金之类的耐蚀材料制造。合适的耐蚀材料合金的例子包括,但不限制于:不锈钢304;不锈钢316;铬镍铁合金625;耐热铬镍铁合金825。内管13的直径可以在1.1至2.6mm的范围内,并且在本发明的一示例性实施例中是2.4mm。尽管内管被描述为在直径上是1.1至2.6mm,内管的直径可以在一大范围内变化,取决于所用的材料和置于内管中的光纤的数量。内管13的壁厚被选择成足以经受激光焊接工艺。例如,对于不锈钢304而言,内管13的壁厚可为0.2mm。
内管13被涂覆以或镀以一氢渗透性低的材料涂层19,如锡,金,碳或其他氢渗透性低的材料。选择涂层19的厚度以便对高局部压力的氢环境提供一阻隔作用。取决于材料的选择,该涂层的厚度可以在0.1至15微米的范围内。例如,碳涂层可以具有一0.1微米薄的厚度,而锡涂层在厚度上可以约为1.3微米。涂层19上可以再涂覆以由硬的耐擦伤材料构成的保护层,如镍或聚酰胺之类的聚合物。取决于材料,外涂层21的厚度可以在2至15微米的范围内。
可以用充填材料22充填内管13,以大体充满内管13内未被光纤16,17占据的空余的空间。充填材料22将光纤16,17支承在内管13内。选择充填材料22以具有充分的黏度,从而抵抗在一竖直井道安装中由于纤维的重量所施加于其上的剪力,由此在光缆10的整个操作温度(包括典型地在10℃至200℃的范围内)上为光纤16,17提供理想的支承,但该光缆可以在一更宽的温度范围内使用,这取决于材料的选择,主要涉及缓冲材料35和光纤16,17上的涂层。此外,由于光纤16,17和内管13之间热膨胀系数上的差并且在光缆10的卷绕和铺设期间,充填材料22必须允许光纤16,17相对于内管13松弛和伸直。充填材料的黏度可以广泛地变化,取决于具体的光缆设计,包括内管的直径和内管中光纤的数量。充填材料22所提供的附加好处是防止光纤16,17上的涂层因为光缆10在安装和振动期间的弯曲作用而碎裂。另一好处是充填材料22用作内管表面粗糙度的积分仪,以避免在光纤16,17中的微量弯曲损耗。合适的充填材料包括在光缆工业中常用的标准触变凝胶或油脂复合物,用于光缆的隔水,充填和润滑。
为了进一步减小在光纤16,17上氢的效应,可以用氢吸收/清除材料23来浸渍充填材料22,如钯或钽。作为选择,可以用氢吸收/清除材料来涂覆内管13的内表面24,或者使这种材料浸入管材料。
参照图2,本发明的光缆10可以用于油井和/或气井的井孔27中。选择光纤16,17以在光缆10的端部之间,例如在位于井孔27内的一光纤传感器28和光信号处理设备30之间,提供可靠的光信号传输。合适的光纤包括低缺陷,纯硅芯/压平的复合纤维。作为选择,合适的纤维包括掺杂锗的信号模式光纤或者其他适用于高温环境的光纤。光纤16,17两者可以属于相同的类型或者不同的类型。尽管这里本发明被描述为在内管13中使用了两个光纤16,17,本领域熟练技术人员应当理解可以使用一根或更多根的纤维。内管13内纤维的总数量受内管直径的限制,这样在内管内提供充分的空间以便防止处理和铺设光缆10期间光纤16,17的微量弯曲。
芯11由一外保护层33环绕,其包括一缓冲材料35和一外管38。缓冲材料35在内管13和外管38之间提供了一机械连接,以防止内管13在其自身重量的作用下在外管38中滑动。此外,缓冲材料35保持内管13大体在外管38内对中,并保护内管和涂层因振动而受损。合适的缓冲材料包括高温聚合物,如氟乙烯丙烯(FEP),乙烯-三氟氯乙烯(ECTFE),聚偏1,1-二氟乙烯(PVDF),全氟烷氧基(PFA),TEFLON,TEFLON PFA,TETZEL,或其他适当材料。在激光焊接和涂覆/镀层之后,首先将缓冲材料施加到内管3上,然后在缓冲材料上焊接外管38,并且或是在可压缩的缓冲材料35上使外管收缩,或是在后激光焊接热工艺期间使缓冲材料扩张。外管38可以是TIC焊接,激光焊接,或者可以采用将外管38连接于缓冲材料35上的任何其他适当工艺。在容纳于一2.4mm直径的内管和一0.25英寸(6.345mm)的外管之间的可压缩缓冲材料的情况下,如图1的示例性实施例所示,缓冲材料应当具有范围在.183英寸(4.65mm)和.195英寸(4.95mm)的厚度,并且最好在.189英寸(4.80mm)。尽管缓冲材料厚度的范围是参照图1的示例性实施例描述的,但可以使用任何适当的缓冲材料厚度,这取决于内管和外管的尺寸,以便提供内管的理想机械保护和/或在内管和外管之间提供机械连接以防止其间的相对移动。
外管38由容易扩散氢的耐蚀材料制造。例如,外管用与内管13相同的材料制造,而无氢渗透性低的涂层和/或氢清除材料。外管38具有一标准直径(在收缩之后,如果施用的话),例如四分之一管径(6.345mm),并可具有一范围在4至10mm内的直径。外管38的壁厚可在0.7至1.2mm的范围内。
光缆10必须能够在一广范围的温度范围内工作。例如在10℃和200℃之间。特别是,光缆必须考虑由光纤16,17和内管13所具有的不同的热膨胀系数(TCE)。不考虑不同的TCE,在光缆的整个工作温度范围内大于0.2%的长期应力有可能施加在光纤16,17上。由于光纤16,17的应力侵蚀,这种应力可能导致过早的机械失效。为了减小由于安装在高温环境中所导致的施加在光纤16,17上的长期应力,内管直径被选择成大到足以在内管13内支承过长的或者“蛇状弯曲-过度装填”光纤。在内管13的激光焊接期间通过控制内管材料的温升可以获得这种过长的长度。控制该温度使得其接近最终安装的预期最大或正常工作温度。一旦冷却内管,这一过程将在内管中产生过长的纤维。采用这种方法已经获得了高达2.0%的过长长度。
为了在处理和安装期间进一步保护光缆10,可以在外管38上施用一高强度保护性材料构成的保护套40。例如,可以在外管38上施用一矩形的乙烯-三氟氯乙烯(ECTFE)的套,以辅助处理和铺设光缆10。其他材料,例如氟乙烯丙烯(FEP),聚偏1,1-二氟乙烯(PVDF),聚氯乙烯(PVC),HALAR,TEFLON PFA,或其他适当材料可以用作保护套40。
尽管参照示例性实施例描述和说明了本发明,在其中和对其可作出上面的以及各种其他增减,而不超出本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (18)
1.一种光缆,包括:
一内管;
一或多个设置在所述内管中的光纤;
一层环绕所述内管的缓冲材料;和
一环绕所述缓冲材料的外管;
其中所述缓冲材料被设置在所述内管和所述外管之间并保持所述内管大体对中地位于所述外管内。
2.如权利要求1所述的光缆,其中所述缓冲材料限制所述内管和所述外管之间的相对移动。
3.如权利要求1所述的光缆,还包括在所述内管上的一涂层,所述涂层包括一氢渗透性低的材料,以尽量减小氢进入所述内管。
4.如权利要求3所述的光缆,其中所述氢渗透性低的材料选自由锡,金和碳构成的组。
5.如权利要求3所述的光缆,其中还包括一在所述涂层上的保护层,所述保护层包括一硬的耐擦伤材料,以保护氢渗透性低的材料的所述涂层的整体性。
6.如权利要求5所述的光缆,其中还包括容纳在所述内管中的充填材料。
7.如权利要求6所述的光缆,其中选择所述充填材料以具有足够的黏度,以抵抗由于所述内管中所述光纤的重量导致的施加在所述充填材料上的剪力,从而基本上保持所述光纤在所述内管中的位置并在光缆移动期间允许所述光纤在所述内管中移动。
8.如权利要求6所述的光缆,其中所述充填材料用一氢清除材料浸渍。
9.如权利要求8所述的光缆,其中所述氢清除材料选自由钯或钽构成的组。
10.如权利要求8所述的光缆,其中所述光纤相对于所述内管具有一过长的长度。
11.如权利要求9所述的光缆,还包括一环绕所述外管的保护材料的外套。
12.如权利要求1所述的光缆,还包括容纳在所述内管中的充填材料。
13.如权利要求12所述的光缆,其中选择所述充填材料以具有一足够的黏度,以便抵抗由于所述内管中所述光纤的重量而施加于所述充填材料的剪力,从而基本上保持所述光纤在所述内管中的位置并允许在光缆移动期间所述光纤在所述内管中的移动。
14.如权利要求12所述的光缆,其中所述充填材料用一种氢清除材料浸渍。
15.如权利要求14所述的光缆,其中所述氢清除材料选自由钯或钽构成的组。
16.如权利要求1所述的光缆,其中所述光纤相对于所述内管具有一过长的长度。
17.如权利要求1所述的光缆,还包括一环绕所述外管的保护材料的外套。
18.如权利要求1所述的光缆,其中所述充填材料选自由氟乙烯丙烯(FEP),乙烯-三氟氯乙烯(ECTFE),聚偏1,1-二氟乙烯(PVDF),全氟烷氧基(PFA),TEFLON,TEFLON PFA,TETZEL构成的组。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/121,468 US6404961B1 (en) | 1998-07-23 | 1998-07-23 | Optical fiber cable having fiber in metal tube core with outer protective layer |
US09/121468 | 1998-07-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1317102A true CN1317102A (zh) | 2001-10-10 |
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CN99810498A Pending CN1317102A (zh) | 1998-07-23 | 1999-07-22 | 恶劣环境中所用的光缆 |
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US (2) | US6404961B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1099133B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3814144B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1317102A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU757823B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2338517C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69915485T2 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA01000756A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO320832B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2001105908A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2000005612A1 (zh) |
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CN103033894A (zh) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-10 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | 一种光缆及其制备方法 |
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CN100568035C (zh) * | 2005-03-29 | 2009-12-09 | 普雷斯曼电缆及系统能源有限公司 | 制造光缆的方法和设备以及这样制出的光缆 |
CN101435901B (zh) * | 2007-11-12 | 2012-08-08 | 普拉德研究及开发股份有限公司 | 具有吸收层的烃监控电缆 |
CN103033894A (zh) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-10 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | 一种光缆及其制备方法 |
CN103033894B (zh) * | 2011-09-30 | 2015-04-22 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | 一种光缆及其制备方法 |
CN103424223A (zh) * | 2012-05-22 | 2013-12-04 | 罗斯蒙德公司 | 具有氢吸气剂的压力变送器 |
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CN103424223B (zh) * | 2012-05-22 | 2016-04-27 | 罗斯蒙特公司 | 具有氢吸气剂的压力变送器 |
CN105784262A (zh) * | 2012-05-22 | 2016-07-20 | 罗斯蒙特公司 | 具有氢吸气剂的压力变送器 |
CN107287569A (zh) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-10-24 | 沈阳工程学院 | 一种光缆及其制备方法 |
CN107287569B (zh) * | 2017-06-06 | 2019-11-05 | 沈阳工程学院 | 一种光缆及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE69915485D1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
CA2338517A1 (en) | 2000-02-03 |
JP3814144B2 (ja) | 2006-08-23 |
CA2338517C (en) | 2006-05-16 |
US6690866B2 (en) | 2004-02-10 |
WO2000005612A9 (en) | 2000-06-02 |
NO320832B1 (no) | 2006-01-30 |
DE69915485T2 (de) | 2005-03-03 |
MXPA01000756A (es) | 2002-04-08 |
NO20010368D0 (no) | 2001-01-22 |
US20020126969A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
US6404961B1 (en) | 2002-06-11 |
US20020076177A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
RU2001105908A (ru) | 2003-04-10 |
AU757823B2 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
EP1099133A1 (en) | 2001-05-16 |
NO20010368L (no) | 2001-03-16 |
AU5543099A (en) | 2000-02-14 |
JP2002521714A (ja) | 2002-07-16 |
EP1099133B1 (en) | 2004-03-10 |
WO2000005612A1 (en) | 2000-02-03 |
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