CN1316314A - 切削工件的方法 - Google Patents

切削工件的方法 Download PDF

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CN1316314A
CN1316314A CN01112493A CN01112493A CN1316314A CN 1316314 A CN1316314 A CN 1316314A CN 01112493 A CN01112493 A CN 01112493A CN 01112493 A CN01112493 A CN 01112493A CN 1316314 A CN1316314 A CN 1316314A
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cooling fluid
cutter
cutting
described method
workpiece
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CN1273265C (zh
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杰塞克·卡敏斯基
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SKF Sverige AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
    • B23Q11/1038—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T82/00—Turning
    • Y10T82/10—Process of turning
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T82/00—Turning
    • Y10T82/16—Severing or cut-off
    • Y10T82/16065—Combined with means to apply fluid

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Abstract

一种切削或冷车削工件表面的方法，包括使用切削刀具、通过至少一个喷嘴将冷却液注入到切削区。冷却液以高压射流的形式供应，其离开喷嘴(16)时的压力在60巴以上。

Description

切削工件的方法
本发明涉及一种切削工件表面的方法，其中，冷却液被供应到切削区域。
更具体地说，本发明涉及这样一种方法：其使用陶瓷或CBN(立方晶格氮化物，cubic boron nitride)刀具对洛氏硬度大于或等于50 HRC的工件进行冷切削或冷车削(hard-turning)，切削刃的维氏硬度大于或等于1700HV。在本说明书中，“冷切削”的含义是：对淬透或表面硬化到洛氏硬度大于50 HRC和/或具有马氏体或贝氏体微结构的碳钢进行切削。例如，本发明可用于切削轴承的滚道表面，该滚道表面与滚动元件滚动接触。
目前，所有用陶瓷或CBN刀具的冷切削方法都是在不用液体、或只用低压冷却液的情况下进行的。所有已知的建议都是、在切削区保持高温对延长刀具使用寿命、及生产经济性非常重要。
根据本发明完成的研究工作表明，目前的冷切削方法或建议并不真的正确。因此，本发明的主要目的是提供一种冷切削方法，用此方法可延长刀具的使用寿命、提高切削速度、及更好地控制切屑的形状。
根据本发明令人惊奇地发现，只要在刀具的后刀面与工件材料之间的间隙中施加高压冷却液射流，就会获得许多重大好处，这些好处将在后面描述。
本方法一般需要使用高压，冷却液在离开喷嘴前的压力从60巴、最好是120巴到400巴。
根据本发明的方法包括：利用切削刀具对洛氏硬度大于或等于50HRC的工件冷切削，所述切削刀具的切削刃包括任何维氏硬度大于1700HV的材料，尤其是由维氏硬度大于1700HV、最好是大于2800HV的Al2O3或CBN(立方晶格氮化物)。冷却液例如水、或诸如二氧化碳等。
根据本发明的另一方面，冷却液被同时供应到切屑与刀具前刀面之间的间隙中、以及刀具的后刀面与工件之间的间隙中。
本发明的上述优点及其他优点从下面结合附图进行的描述可以更好地理解。
图1是根据本发明方法进行冷切削时工件与刀具的一部分的简要剖面图。
图2是与图1相似的概要剖面图，其表示根据本发明方法的第二个
实施例。
一种用于冷切削工件的方法，它既相当新、又非常有效，如正确使用，则能显著地提高生产率及生产经济性。
如上所述，冷切削是一种机加工操作，其利用几何设计的切削刃对经过硬化处理的材料进行加工。所有含能经过热处理工艺而被硬化的足够的合金元素(碳等)的材料(黑色金属及有色金属)都可被冷切削。这些合金元素通过热处理硬化能形成由马氏体和/或贝氏体构成的并具有洛氏硬度大于50 HRC的微结构。硬化处理包括例如通过感应和渗碳处理进行淬透、空气淬火/硬化及表面淬火/硬化。对于黑色金属材料，大部分CBN或PCBN刀具都可使用；对于有色金属材料，则使用金刚石刀具。
图1表示根据本发明的方法，其中工件10例如轴承滚道被冷切削。工件10沿箭头所示方向以速度Vo相对于刀具12移动，所述刀具利用其刀头切削一片工件材料、例如切屑14。根据本发明，高压射流由喷嘴16喷出，注入到刀具镶刃的后刀面与工件材料之间的间隙中，在刀具的后刀面和工件之间形成一个液体楔18。
举例说明，如图所示，当高压射流只注入到CBN镶刃的后刀面与工件材料之间的间隙中时，刀具使用寿命可提高100％以上。注意射流必须尽可能与切削刃垂直。已经观察到，与传统低压冷却相比，本方法在工件表面上的残余应力要稍微广泛一些。
所用压力应在6至40MPa之间(即60至400巴之间)。如压力更高，则可最大限度地提高刀具的使用寿命(大约110％左右)。射流用直径为0.7mm的喷嘴产生。可使用传统的合成切削液，溶液浓度约为7％。
图2表示根据本发明方法的第二个实施例，高压射流也注入到刀具前刀面与切屑之间的间隙中，该图中与第一个实施例对应的部件用相同的标号。这样，喷嘴16将高压射流施加到切屑14与刀具12的前刀面之间，在切屑和刀具之间形成一个液体楔18。
已经观察到，将第二个射流注入到刀具前刀面，可更好地控制切屑。与一段长的连续切削相比，本发明的方法能生产短的“更方便”的切屑。在切削较大环形工件时，这点尤其重要。
如上所述，根据本发明的方法包括，在利用陶瓷或CBN镶刃进行冷切削的过程中，引入高压射流，这会获得许多重大好处，诸如：
-降低切削刃的温度(30-50％)；
-显著降低刀具的磨损；
-可使用更高的切削速度；
-增加切屑成形的可能性；
-因刀具较低的磨损及较低的温度，可提高产品质量；
-控制工件表面上部及底部的残余应力的可能性。

Claims (9)

1．一种切削或冷切削或冷车削工件表面的方法，包括使用一个切削刀具，并将冷却液供应到切削区，其特征在于，冷却液以高压射流的形式供应，其离开喷嘴时的压力在60巴以上。
2．根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，冷却液射流的压力在120巴以上。
3．根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：切削是使用刀具对洛氏硬度大于或等于50 HRC的工件进行冷车削，刀具切削刃的维氏硬度大于或等于1700HV。
4．根据权利要求1至3中的任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于，使用含CBN、维氏硬度大于1700HV、最好大于2800HV的切削刃。
5．根据权利要求1至4中的任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于，水作为冷却液使用。
6．根据权利要求1至4中的任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于，二氧化碳作为冷却液使用。
7．根据权利要求1至6中的任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于，冷却液被供应到刀具的后刀面与工件材料之间。
8．根据权利要求1至6中的任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于，冷却液被供应到刀具的前刀面与切屑之间的间隙中。
9．根据权利要求1至6中的任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于，冷却液被同时供应到刀具的前刀面与切屑之间的间隙中和刀具的后刀面与工件之间。
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CN104128618A (zh) * 2014-07-22 2014-11-05 优德精密工业（昆山）股份有限公司 一种淬硬钢零件干态和湿态配合切削加工方法
CN104903047A (zh) * 2012-12-12 2015-09-09 山特维克原料技术德国公开股份有限公司 用于加工管子的端部的加工机器和方法
CN106695457A (zh) * 2017-01-16 2017-05-24 东北大学秦皇岛分校 一种陶瓷切削温度的确定方法
CN109311095A (zh) * 2016-06-06 2019-02-05 国立大学法人名古屋大学 微加工方法、模具制造方法和微加工设备

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CN104903047B (zh) * 2012-12-12 2019-02-15 山特维克原料技术德国公开股份有限公司 用于加工管子的端部的加工机器和方法
CN104128618A (zh) * 2014-07-22 2014-11-05 优德精密工业（昆山）股份有限公司 一种淬硬钢零件干态和湿态配合切削加工方法
CN109311095A (zh) * 2016-06-06 2019-02-05 国立大学法人名古屋大学 微加工方法、模具制造方法和微加工设备
CN106695457A (zh) * 2017-01-16 2017-05-24 东北大学秦皇岛分校 一种陶瓷切削温度的确定方法
CN106695457B (zh) * 2017-01-16 2018-08-03 东北大学秦皇岛分校 一种陶瓷切削温度的确定方法

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JP2001347402A (ja) 2001-12-18
US6769335B2 (en) 2004-08-03
EP1142669A2 (en) 2001-10-10
US20010037706A1 (en) 2001-11-08
EP1142669A3 (en) 2003-03-19
SE520088C2 (sv) 2003-05-20
DE60106661T2 (de) 2005-03-24
CN1273265C (zh) 2006-09-06
EP1142669B1 (en) 2004-10-27
SE0001293L (sv) 2001-11-30
DE60106661D1 (de) 2004-12-02
SE0001293D0 (sv) 2000-04-06

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