CN1305542A - 使单丝结合、着色和结构改变的方法 - Google Patents

使单丝结合、着色和结构改变的方法 Download PDF

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CN1305542A
CN1305542A CN99807426A CN99807426A CN1305542A CN 1305542 A CN1305542 A CN 1305542A CN 99807426 A CN99807426 A CN 99807426A CN 99807426 A CN99807426 A CN 99807426A CN 1305542 A CN1305542 A CN 1305542A
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monofilament
laser
additive
extruding
laser beam
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格奥尔格·魏劳希
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Coronet Werke GmbH
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Abstract

推荐在人造单丝中采用激光射线的方法。例如使挤出的人造单丝沿其外壳面结合的方法采用具有不同的激光吸收系数的单丝,其沿外壳面至少局部相互接触,并通过在接触区加入激光射线相互熔融。为了使挤出的单丝或复合丝的单根单丝光学着色,至少在加入在激光作用下与一着色层起反应的添加剂的情况下挤出待着色单丝,并在相应于所希望的着色区域内用激光束进行处理。为了在结构方面改变单丝或复合丝的单根单丝,待改变结构的单丝与吸收激光的添加剂一起挤出,接着用激光射线进行处理。

Description

使单丝结合、着色和结构改变的方法
本发明涉及一种使挤出的人造单丝在其外壳面处结合的方法。其次本发明针对一种使挤出单丝或复合丝的单根单丝着色和/或结构改变的方法。
单丝由几乎任意的聚合物通过挤出制成。挤出过程以与单丝以后的应用目的相匹配的横截面进行。例如可以制造极细的纤维、鬃丝和绞丝。“单丝”理解为所有连续挤出的具有适用于工业目的的从纤维直到鬃丝的直径的单丝，即使下面主要地，但仅仅是举例地涉及鬃丝。
在许多情况下存在对于由具有不同性能的单丝组成的鬃丝材料的需求。迄今为止提供由两种或多种单丝组成的鬃丝的努力都遭到失败，多芯鬃丝通过粘接或着色不能充分结合，并且只有在丧失其性能的情况下才能结合。加捻的多芯鬃丝在使用时至少在其末端不希望地重新散开。迄今为止没有得到过多股原先单独地挤出的单丝芯线材料配合或形状配合的结合。
但是正是对于由不同类型的单丝芯线构成的鬃丝有着特别的需求。由例如硬的热塑性塑料和软的弹性体组成的单丝芯线的组合带来新的效果。对于具有磨蚀和非磨蚀作用的单丝芯线的组合也是一样。特别是通过不同横截面的单丝芯线的组合，例如圆形的与多角形或以其他方法成形的单丝芯线的结合，得到组合的鬃丝效果。在许多情况下如果绕一股或多股轴向设置的单丝芯线大网眼或细网眼螺旋形地或交叉地缠绕其他单丝芯线，可以增强效果。代替这种缠绕也可以采用其他缠绕方法。
因此本发明的目的首先是，将在必要情况下由不同的聚合物组成的单丝在挤出期间或以后相互结合成复合丝。
按照本发明这一目的通过这样的方法来实现，即采用对于激光有不同吸收系数的单丝并使其在外壳面上至少局部相互接触，并通过引入激光束在接触区内相互熔融或者相互形状配合地结合。
例如可以考虑CO2激光器、二极管激光器、钕激光器或者激态复合物(Excimer)激光器作为激光源。用这些激光器由于光波的平行发射并且在必要情况下，借助于掩膜或偏转分色机非常准确地定位。如果单丝具有不同的吸收系数(它应该作为材料特性或添加剂的加入量)，那么单丝就可以在接触区内相互熔融，其中这也可以只在局部进行。其次借助于激光射线可以非常准确地控制输入吸收区的热量，从而控制熔化的体积，使得即使在小的接触面时也确保，在整个接触区内实现熔融或焊接。
如果单丝的材料不可能熔融，例如因为单丝之一不是由热塑性材料组成，可以达到一种形状配合的结合。由热塑性材料组成的单丝的材料由于引入激光射线而熔化，这样地膨胀和流动，使得不能或很少熔化的靠在一起的单丝捆扎在一起，特别是如果这种单丝具有非光滑表面的话。
单丝可以在挤出之后立即相互接触，例如按平行层方式成为多芯绞股丝。但是单丝也可以两芯或多芯地或者也可以同心地复合挤出。在这种情况下通过激光处理在相互接触的外壳面上进行紧密的结合。
众所周知，在制造单丝时在挤出后将它拉伸，接着定形。在按照本发明意义上的激光射线的引入可以在拉伸前和/或拉伸后和/或定形后进行。此外特别是可以设想，单丝在引入激光射线后进行定形处理。如果打算在单丝定形后引入激光射线，那么便进行了一次额外的定形工步。
如已经说明过的那样，可以采用由具有不同激光吸收系数的聚合物组成的单丝，并充分利用在界面上的激光吸收性，以产生热量。
但是最好两种要相互结合的单丝的至少一种掺和具有比周围的聚合物高的激光吸收系数的添加剂。这里它可以是二氧化钛、炭黑、和金属或金属氧化物，特别是以颜料的形式。在这种情况下聚合物在紧靠添加剂的周围熔化。在某些聚合物和添加剂时熔化过程与微观发泡过程相连，这在许多应用场合是希望的，因为它例如提供更好的材料融合，并有利于形状配合。
本方法也可以这样地进行，采用带有主要集中在外壳面附近区域内的添加剂的单丝，使得熔化过程基本上局限于单丝的界面区域上。
虽然在鬃毛制品的制造中已知(DE 196 06 416 A1)，鬃毛单丝或鬃毛束以所谓的透射方法通过激光射线固定在鬃毛载体的盲孔内。这里激光吸收主要在鬃毛末端和盲孔底面之间的界面区域内进行。但是这种方法不能用在单丝沿其外壳面的结合中。
单丝可以在基本上相互平行的位置上相互结合，但是也可以设想，至少一股单丝与另一股单丝缠绕，并且该单丝在接触区内与位于里面的单丝相结合。
本发明的另一个目的是，推荐一种使挤出的单丝或复合丝中的单股单丝光学着色的方法。
按照本发明这个目的通过这样的方法来实现，使至少待着色的单丝掺入在激光作用下与颜料涂层起反应的添加剂而挤出并在相应于所希望的着色区域内用激光处理。这里添加剂可以具有对于激光射线的不同吸收性能。
本发明提供了这样的可能性，通过在相应地选择添加剂时利用在激光作用下出现的变色的方法，以通常的方法挤出单根单丝或复合丝内的各根单丝，随后以各自希望的方法着色。由此特别是着色可以拿来作为分类方法，以便例如由鬃毛原料以一定方法汇集成用于一定鬃毛制品的着色鬃毛。其次用这种着色给一定的应用形式作标记，并同样用作分类方法。但是这种着色也可以特别是在成品刷子上用作报废标记。这例如在牙刷中，但是也可以在工业毛刷中是有需要的，以便保证及时地更换刷子本身或鬃毛。
根据着色目的的不同待着色的单丝可以以点或直线的形式沿其外壳面用激光进行处理。此外待着色的单丝也可以至少在一个径向平面内用激光处理，使得在鬃毛用废时着色的径向平面显露出来，发出必须更换的信号。
这里在本发明的意义上用激光进行处理也可以在拉伸之前和/或拉伸后和/或定形以后进行。其中特别是可以考虑，单丝在用激光处理后再定形。
在由两种或多种成分同心挤出的单丝中也可以给一股或几股内部的单丝层配备吸收激光的添加剂。若这仅仅在规定的长度段内进行，并将这种单丝用激光进行处理，只有在这个长度段上出现变色。由此也可以实现标定或报废显示。
最后本发明的目的是，在单丝挤出以后在结构上改变单丝或复合丝中的单股单丝。这里结构的改变理解为尤其是表面和/或内部结构的改变。
为了实现这个目的，待改变结构的单丝连同吸收激光的添加剂一起挤出，接着用激光进行处理。
在按本发明处理过的单丝中在添加剂和/或遇到激光的添加剂附近形成微型泡沫，它可以用作单丝的表面结构或者也可以作为芯部结构，以便影响它的柔软性、吸水能力等等。这种发泡过程特别是可以通过相应的添加剂尺寸选择或多成分的单丝结构以及激光的处理深度等措施限制在局部。其微型泡沫结构可以用来，例如在复合挤出的单丝中使内部的或外部的单丝膨胀，并由此用来仅仅改变两种单丝中的一种的结构，或者改善单丝的结合。
在必要情况下具有不同横截面形状的平行层复合挤出单丝中可以通过激光吸收仅仅在一种单丝中利用其热膨胀以改变单丝形状。在装入一鬃毛载体的鬃毛时其末端可以通过激光照射发泡，以改进其在鬃毛载体内的固定效果。
通过在单股单丝内掺入不同地吸收激光的添加剂，或通过以不同的浓度掺入吸收激光的添加剂可以对上述性能进一步施加有利的影响和加以控制。
其次按本发明设想，在挤出时掺入在单丝应用时同时满足其他技术功能的吸收激光的添加剂。此外在吸收激光的添加剂之外还可以加入具有这种技术功能的添加剂。
这种具有附加的技术功能的添加剂可以是由不同材料组成的磨粒，它们在通常的挤出中经常在聚合物中的结合有缺陷，而通过随后的激光处理用磨粒区域内局部的熔化过程得到更牢固的结合。但是也可以掺入这样的物体，它们由于随后的激光处理液化或气化。
用激光处理在本发明的意义上可以在拉伸之前和/或拉伸后和/或定形后进行。其中特别是可以考虑，单丝在激光处理后再定形。

Claims (25)

1．使挤出的人造单丝在其外壳面上结合的方法，其特征在于：采用具有对于激光射线有不同吸收系数的单丝，使其外壳面上至少局部区域相互接触，并通过在接触区域加入激光射线相互熔融或者形状相配地结合。
2．按权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：单丝在挤出后相互接触。
3．按权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：单丝双芯或多芯或同心地挤出。
4．按权利要求1至3之任一项的方法，其特征在于：单丝在挤出后进行拉伸，接着定形，其中在拉伸之前和/或拉伸后和/或定形后引入激光射线。
5．按权利要求1至4之任一项的方法，其特征在于：单丝在引入激光射线后定形。
6．按权利要求1至5之任一项的方法，其特征在于：采用由具有不同的激光吸收系数的聚合物组成的单丝。
7．按权利要求1至6之任一项的方法，其特征在于：待相互结合的单丝中至少一种具有带有比包围添加剂的聚合物高的激光吸收系数的添加剂。
8．按权利要求7的方法，其特征在于：采用具有主要分布在外壳面附近的添加剂的单丝。
9．按权利要求7或8的方法，其特征在于：采用一种或多种颜料作为添加剂。
10．按权利要求1至9之任一项的方法，其特征在于：单丝基本上按平行层相互结合。
11．按权利要求1至9之任一项的方法，其特征在于：至少一股单丝与另一股单丝缠绕，它在接触区内与位于内部的单丝结合。
12．使挤出的单丝或复合丝的单股单丝光学着色的方法，其特征在于：至少待着色单丝在加入在激光作用下与着色层起反应的添加剂的情况下挤出，并在相应于所希望的着色区域内用激光射线进行处理。
13．按权利要求12的方法，其特征在于：添加剂具有对于激光束的不同吸收系数。
14．按权利要求12或13的方法，其特征在于：待着色单丝逐点或直线形地沿其外壳面用激光束处理。
15．按权利要求12或13的方法，其特征在于：单丝在至少一个径向平面内用激光束处理。
16．按权利要求12或13的方法，其特征在于：单丝在挤出后拉伸，接着进行定形，其中激光处理在拉伸前和/或拉伸后和/或定形后进行。
17．按权利要求12或13的方法，其特征在于：单丝在激光处理后定形。
18．按权利要求12至17之任一项的方法，其特征在于：在由两种或多种成分同心地复合挤出的单丝中只有一种或多种内部的单丝层或其组成部分配备吸收激光的添加剂。
19．按权利要求18的方法，其特征在于：一种或多种内单丝层只在规定的长度段上用激光射线处理。
20．使单丝或复合丝的单根单丝在单丝挤出后改变结构的方法，其特征在于：待改变结构的单丝与吸收激光的添加剂一起挤出，接着用激光射线进行处理。
21．按权利要求20的方法，其特征在于：挤出带有不同地吸收激光的添加剂或带有不同浓度的吸收激光的添加剂的复合丝的两股或多股单丝。
22．按权利要求20或21的方法，其特征在于：在挤出时掺入吸收激光的添加剂，这些添加剂同时满足单丝应用时的其他技术功能。
23．按权利要求20或21的方法，其特征在于：在挤出时除吸收激光的添加剂外还掺入具有在单丝应用时的其他技术功能的添加剂。
24．按权利要求20至23之任一项的方法，其特征在于：单丝在挤出后进行拉伸，接着定形，其中激光处理在拉伸之前和/或拉伸后和/或定形后进行。
25．按权利要求20至25之任一项的方法，其特征在于：单丝在激光处理后定形。
CN99807426A 1998-06-16 1999-06-02 使单丝结合、着色和结构改变的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1107748C (zh)

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