CN1296608C - 用于发动机的废气排放控制系统 - Google Patents

用于发动机的废气排放控制系统 Download PDF

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CN1296608C
CN1296608C CNB2003101030985A CN200310103098A CN1296608C CN 1296608 C CN1296608 C CN 1296608C CN B2003101030985 A CNB2003101030985 A CN B2003101030985A CN 200310103098 A CN200310103098 A CN 200310103098A CN 1296608 C CN1296608 C CN 1296608C
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千叶省作
笠井聪人
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Abstract

在一种用于发动机的废气排放控制系统中，包括一种置于一个废气消声器中的废气排放控制催化剂，该废气消声器的内部被分为多个腔室，废气消声器内部的至少一个部分被分为主要用于废气中NOx的转化的第一腔室和用于废气中HC和CO的转化的第二腔室。废气消声器包括：一个带有用于将废气从第一腔室导入第二腔室的导管的分隔壁；一个用于将废气导入到第一腔室的废气进口；一个用于将外部空气吸入到第二腔室的外部空气吸入装置；以及一个用于排放外部空气和流经第二腔室的废气的排放管。

Description

用于发动机的废气排放控制系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于发动机的废气排放控制系统，包括一种设在排放消声器中的废气排放控制催化剂，所述排放消声器的内部被分成多个腔室。
背景技术
包括一种设在排放消声器中的废气排放控制催化剂的废气排放控制系统是已经公知的，其中所述排放消声器的内部被分成多个腔室。例如日本专利申请特开平11-303623所公开的。
在来自发动机的废气中被转化的成份包括有NOx，HC和CO，废气排放控制催化剂促进了NOx的还原反应以及HC和CO的氧化反应。已知的一种废气排放控制系统，例如在日本专利申请特开平9-273419中公开的，其设为将外部空气引入废气消声器中以补偿废气中含氧量的缺少从而促进氧化反应的进行。
在日本专利申请特开平9-273419中公开的废气排放控制系统中，排气消声器的内部分为：第一腔室，来自发动机的废气被引入其中；和第二腔室，其通向一个废气排放孔；并且外部空气被引入到第一腔室中。然而，在氧气量很大的状态下，废气中NOx的还原反应并不提前。从而在现有技术中，将外部空气直接导入到从发动机进到废气消声器的废气中，很难充分地转化NOx。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种用于发动机的废气排放控制系统，其中废气中的NOx，HC和CO可以被有效地转化。
为达到上述目的，根据本发明，提供一种用于发动机的废气排放控制系统，包括一种置于一个废气消声器中的废气排放控制催化剂，该废气消声器的内部被分为多个腔室，其中废气消声器内部的至少一部分被分为主要用于转化废气中NOx的、作为所述多个腔室的其中一个的第一腔室和用于转化废气中HC和CO的、作为所述多个腔室的另一个的第二腔室，并且一分隔壁置在所述第一和第二腔室之间，该分隔壁具有用于将废气从第一腔室导入第二腔室的导管；并且该废气消声器包括：一个用于将废气导入到第一腔室的废气入口；一个用于将外部空气吸入到第二腔室的、设置在所述分隔壁中的外部空气吸入装置；以及一个用于排放外部空气和流经第二腔室的废气的排放管。
在这个设置中，考虑到在从发动机进入到第一腔室43的废气中的含氧量较低的事实，主要对于NOx的还原处理可以在第一腔室中进行，同时可以利用还原处理中产生的氧气和通过外部空气吸入装置吸入的氧气使含氧量增加从而促进HC和CO的氧化处理。从而在废气中的NOx，HC和CO可以被有效转化。
本发明的上述和其它的目的，特征和优点将通过下面借助附图的优选实施例的描述而变得明晰。
附图说明
图1是一个通用发动机一部分的局部剖视主视图。
图2是沿图1中2-2线的剖视图。
图3是沿图2中3-3线的剖视图。
图4是显示与空燃比有关的转化率的变化的曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面通过参照图1-4的优选实施例来描述本发明。首先参见图1，该通用发动机是一个风冷单缸发动机，用在例如工作机或类似物中，且其具有一个发动机体21，其包括：一个曲轴箱22；一个汽缸体(block)23，其略微向上倾斜并从曲轴箱22的一侧伸出；和一个结合到汽缸体23头部的汽缸盖24。很多风冷鳍片(fins)23a和24a设在汽缸体23和汽缸盖24的外表面上。曲轴箱22通过其下面的安装平面22a安装到任意工作机的汽缸盖上。
一个汽缸孔26设在汽缸体23中，且在其中可滑动地容纳一个活塞25。一个燃烧室27形成于汽缸体23和汽缸盖24之间，从而活塞25的顶面朝向燃烧室27。
活塞25，可转动地支撑在曲轴箱22中的曲轴28和一个支撑轴29通过一个连接机构30相互连接，其中所述支撑轴支撑在发动机体21的曲轴箱22中并可在垂直于曲轴28的轴线的平面中移动。从而，通过改变在垂直于曲轴28的轴线的平面中的支撑轴29的位置，从而改变发动机的压缩比。
能够通向燃烧室27的进气口31和排气口(未示)设在汽缸盖24中。在汽缸盖24中设有一个进气门32，该进气门可打开和可关闭，从而提供了进气口31和燃烧室27之间的连接和断开，与此相同，排气门(未示)也是可打开和可关闭的，从而提供了排气口和燃烧室27之间的连接和断开。火花塞33螺纹安装在汽缸盖24上，其电极朝向燃烧室27。
通向排气口的排气管34连接到汽缸盖24的上部，并且还连接到覆盖有盖体35的排气消声器36上。进而，油箱37设在曲轴箱22上，从而其支撑在曲轴箱22上。
参见图2和图3，排气消声器36包括第一和第二箱体元件38和39，二者均为碗形且其开口边缘通过卷曲以箝住二者之间的分隔壁40而结合到一起。分隔壁40包括一对相互重叠的分隔板元件41和42。
排气消声器36的内部被分隔壁40分成一个用于主要转化废气中NOx的第一腔室43和一个用于转化废气中HC和CO的第二腔室44，以及一个限定在分隔壁40的分隔板元件41和42之间的第三腔室45
排气消音器36的第一箱体元件38带有一个连接到排气管34的废气入口46，从而通过排气管34从发动机导出的废气被引入到第一腔室43中。
朝相对侧膨胀的凸出部分41a和42a分别设在第一和第二分隔板元件41和42的部分上。第三腔室45由凸出部分41a和42a限定，且通向第三腔室45的排气管47由突出部分41a和42a构成。排气管47从第一和第二箱体元件38和39的结合部分向外伸出。多个小孔48设在第二分隔板元件42的凸出部分42a上，以允许第二腔室44与第三腔室45连通，从而废气通过小孔48从第二腔室44引入到第三腔室45中，并通过排气管47排放到外界。
用于将废气从第一腔室43引导到第二腔室44的导管49一体设在分隔壁40的第一分隔板元件41上，其处于从第三腔室45偏移的位置，朝向第二腔室44伸出，从而废气通过导管49被引导到第二腔室44。
废气消声器36包括有一个用于将外部空气吸入到第二腔室44的外部空气吸入装置50。该外部空气吸入装置50包括：一个外部空气导入腔51，其被限定在分隔壁40的第一和第二分隔板41和42之间以同轴地环绕导管49并通向外界；一个一体地设置在第二分隔板元件42上的吸气管52，其与外部空气导入腔51连通。外部空气吸入装置50通过当在第一腔室43中的废气从导管49中猛烈喷射到第二腔室44中时在导入管49周围，即在吸气管52中，产生的负压确保将排气消声器36之外的外部空气吸入到第二腔室44中。
在上述排气消声器36中，一种废气排放控制催化剂53被应用在第一和第二箱体元件38和39的内表面上。能够促进废气中NOx的还原反应和废气中HC和CO的氧化反应的三元催化剂(ternary catalyst)都适宜用作废气排放控制催化剂53。
NOx，HC和CO的转化率依赖于废气中氧气的浓度而变化。当氧气浓度低时，NOx的转化率会增加，但HC和CO的转化率会降低。当氧气浓度高时，HC和CO的转化率会增加，但NOx的转化率会降低。因为在废气直接从发动机进入其中的第一腔室43中的氧气浓度较低，因此第一腔室43主要用于废气中NOx的转化。因为外部空气被吸入到第二腔室44中，且在废气中还包含由NOx的还原反应生成的氧气，从而在第二腔室44中的氧气浓度变得较高，因此第二腔室44用于转化废气中的HC和CO。
在这种方式下，考虑到在从发动机进入到第一腔室43的废气中的含氧量较低的事实，对于NOx的还原处理可以主要在第一腔室43中进行，同时可以利用还原处理中产生的氧气和通过外部空气吸入装置50吸入的氧气造成的第二腔室中的含氧量增加到一个较高值的情况而促进在第二腔室44中HC和CO的氧化处理。从而在废气中的NOx，HC和CO可以被有效转化。
可以理解的是，尽管详细描述了本发明的实施例，然而本发明并不限于上述实施例，可以不脱离权利要求中限定的本发明的精神和范围而在设计上做出多种改变。
例如，在实施例中提到使用三元催化剂作为废气排放控制催化剂53，也可以在面向主要是用作废气中NOx转化的第一腔室43的部分中使用一种还原催化剂，而在面向用作废气中HC和CO转化的第二腔室44的部分中使用一种氧化催化剂。

Claims (3)

1、一种发动机的废气排放控制系统，包括设置于废气消声器中的废气排放控制催化剂，该废气消声器的内部被分为多个腔室，
其中废气消声器内部的至少一部分被分为主要用于废气中NOx的转化的、作为所述多个腔室的其中一个的第一腔室和用于废气中HC和CO的转化的、作为所述多个腔室的另一个的第二腔室，并且一分隔壁设置在所述第一和第二腔室之间，该分隔壁具有用于将废气从第一腔室导入第二腔室的导管，以及
其中废气消声器包括：一个用于将废气导入到第一腔室的废气进口；一个用于将外部空气吸入到第二腔室的、设置在所述分隔壁中的外部空气吸入装置；以及一个用于排放外部空气和流经第二腔室的废气的排放管。
2、如权利要求1所述的废气排放控制系统，其特征在于，所述外部空气吸入装置包括形成为环绕所述导管并连接到外界的外部空气导入腔。
3、如权利要求2所述的废气排放控制系统，其特征在于，所述外部空气吸入装置还包括与所述外部空气导入腔连通且同轴环绕所述导管的吸气管。
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