CN1295511A - 中空物件的制造 - Google Patents
中空物件的制造 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1295511A CN1295511A CN99803411A CN99803411A CN1295511A CN 1295511 A CN1295511 A CN 1295511A CN 99803411 A CN99803411 A CN 99803411A CN 99803411 A CN99803411 A CN 99803411A CN 1295511 A CN1295511 A CN 1295511A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一模塑工具包括多个相连成一可活动性串列的构件。该工具结合一操作装置,该装置将各构件拉成一相互搭接关系,在此关系下该工具形成一刚性串列形式。操作装置可由电磁铁组成。当通电后电磁铁将各构件拉在一起。另一办法是由每构件中的通道段构成一穿过该工具的通道,该通道被连在一抽气源上。当通道被抽空时各构件被拉在一起。该工具用于一塑坯模中。一旦该塑坯被模制成,它与埋在塑坯中的工具一起被移至一吹模中而该塑坯就被吹气。然后工具恢复至其可活动性串列形式,于是通过瓶颈部从瓶中退出。
Description
发明的领域
本发明涉及中空物件的制造。
发明的背景
聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)瓶是用吹模法制成。所使用的工序中包括出产出一个所谓的塑坯。塑坯用注模法制成并在其颈部区域具有一个与准备制出的瓶的形状相符合的外形。塑坯是中空的,一般具有一个试管的形状。
制造工序的第二阶段包括将塑坯置于一个吹模中,塑坯在颈部被夹持住。然后将塑坯加热,待其软化后使空气吹入其内从而膨胀至模具的构型。
这种传统生产方法的一个困难是PET瓶不能连带着柄一起被吹出。
本发明寻求克服在传统上用以制造PET瓶的方法中所存在的上述缺陷。然而,本发明的方法并不仅是为了吹制PET的瓶而是也能用于可吹制的其它合成塑料材料并能制出比带柄的瓶更为复杂的形状。发明的简要描述
根据本发明的一个内容,提供一种用于模制一个中空物件的工具,该工具包括多个单独的构件,将所述构件连接在一起成一种第一相对关系的装置,在这种关系中各构件形成一种可活动性的串列,和将所述构件移位成一种第二相对关系的操作装置,在这种关系中它们相互搭接,而由所述构件构成的串列是刚性的,在操作装置停止操作时,所述构件又回到第一相对关系。
根据本发明另一个内容,提供一种工具,该工具包括多个单独的构件和用以可释开地将各构件联锁成一种关系的装置,在这种关系中它们相互搭接而该工具处于刚性状态,当联锁装置释开时,所述各构件松弛地连在一起而该工具处可活动性状态。
根据本发明又一个内容提供一种模制一个中空物件的方法,该方法包括将一个工具放置在一个开口的塑坯模中,该工具包括多个单独的构件,将所述构件连接在一起成一种第一相对关系的装置,在这种关系中各构件形成一种可活动性的串列,该工具被放置在模具内而各构件处于所述第一相对关系,将模具闭合形成一个模腔,该工具即在这腔内,开动致动装置使所述构件移位至一种第二相对关系,在这种关系中,它们相互搭接而由所述构件构成的串列是刚性的,迫使可模塑的材料进入模腔从而使其占据模腔内未被该工具占据的部分,让所述材料凝固产生出一个塑坯,将该塑坯放在一个吹模内,闭合该吹模,吹动该塑坯,停止该致动装置使工具恢复至一个可活动性串列的形态然后将工具从中空物件中取出。
根据本发明的再一个内容,提供一种吹模出一个带开口瓶嘴的瓶的方法,该方法包括将一个工具放置在一个具有多个突出体横贯该模具的塑坯模中,该工具包括多个单独的构件,可释开地将各构件联锁成一种关系,在这种关系中它们互相搭接形成一个刚性串列,突出体在刚性串列的第一和第二分支之间经过,迫使合成的塑料材料进入塑坯模内,从而形成一个具有一个圆筒形壁和横跨圆筒形壁相对部分之间的一个中空桥的中空塑坯,将塑坯和工具放在一个吹模内,吹动该塑坯,释开所述各构件使它们形成一个可活动性串列的形式,然后通过所述开口瓶嘴将工具从瓶中取出。
根据本发明再进一步的一个内容,提供一种吹模出一个在其壁上带有一个开口的中空结构的方法,该方法包括将一个工具置于一个塑坯模内,该工具包括多个单独的构件,可释开地联锁各构件使该工具形成一个刚性串列的形式,迫使合成的塑料材料进入所述模具内以形成一个塑坯而其中带有该工具,吹动该塑坯,使所述各构件相互间释开而让该工具形成一个可活动性串列的形式,然而,此时各构件仍旧相互连着,然后通过所述开口将该工具从所述各构件中取出。
根据本发明的还有一个内容,提供一种塑坯模,该塑坯模包括有与模腔外周边为界的多块表面;与颈部区域为界的多块表面,该颈部区域形成从所述模具外部至模腔的一个入口;和一个从所述模腔的一侧延伸横贯模腔至另一侧的棒条,因而在该模具内制造出的塑坯上具有一个横向开口。
本发明结合在一起还提供一种塑坯模,该塑坯模包括有与模腔外周边为界的多块表面;与颈部区域为界的多块表面,该颈部区域形成从所述模具外部至模腔的一个入口;和一个从所述模腔的一侧延伸横贯模腔至另一侧的棒条,因而在该模具内制造出的塑坯上具有一个横向开口;和一个用以模制一个中空物件的工具,该工具包括有多个单独的构件,将所述各构件连接在一起成一种第一相对关系的装置,在这关系中各构件形成一个可活动性串列,以及将所述构件移位成一个第二相对关系的操作装置,在这种关系中它们互相搭接而由所述构件构成的串列是刚性的,在操作装置停止操作时所述构件又回至第一相对关系,该工具通过所述颈部区域进入模具,在所述棒条周围经过,并通过所述颈部区域从模具中退出。
附图的简要描述
为了更好地理解本发明并显示出这发明是如何予以实施的,现在将通过参看附图,以实施例的方式加以说明,附图中:
图1以图解示意地说明一个塑坯模,一个根据本发明的工具和一个塑坯;
图2是一幅示意横截面图说明根据本发明的又一个工具和一个模具的一部分;
图3是按图2中箭头A方向的视图;
图4是图2中工具的部件分解图;
图5是穿过装配好的工具的截面图,图5类似于图3但使该工具显示得更详尽;
图6是图5中工具的顶视平面图;
图7是该工具的示意侧视图;
图8是该工具的示意顶视平面图;
图9和10示意地说明该工具的两个构件;
图11是另一个工具的正视图;
图12是图11中工具的顶视平面图;
图13说明另一种相互连接一个工具的各个构件的方法;
图14是一个包括有多个分割部分的构件的视图;
图15是图14中构件的平面图;
图16是沿图15中ⅩⅥ-ⅩⅥ线截取的截面图;
图17是由球形接头连在一起的两个构件的截面图;
图18是一幅类似的截面图显示出两个构件是由销连接的;
图19是穿过图18中所示构件之一的截面图,该截面与图18的截面呈一直角。
实施本发明的最佳方式
首先参看图1,所示模具10由两个半模组成,两者之间有一条分割线。该分割线正处于图的平面内,因此图中不能示出。在模腔12之内有一个狭长的横棒条14。棒条14的一半是由一个半模上所带有的一个凸出体构成,而棒条的另一半由另一个半模上带有的一个凸出体构成。当模具闭合时,两个凸出体相互正对贴合形成该棒条。模腔从一个颈部区域16沿棒条14的一侧向下延伸形成模腔的一个第一分支18,和沿棒条14的另一侧向下延伸形成一个第二分支20。分支18,20由模腔的一个基底部分22所连合。
模具10包括有两块腔板24,在图1中只能看到其中的一块。一个插入件26安装在腔板的孔28内而插入件26限定了塑坯30的一半外形。图中未显示的插入件26限定塑坯的另外一半外形。
插入件26为一个内部开槽的分开的颈环32所延伸。最后进入这些槽内的塑料材料形成由塑坯吹成的瓶的螺纹和其它颈部特征。在插入件26的相对侧颈环32上延伸有一个可开闭的夹持工具的卡盘34。
模具的冷却槽示意地显示在36处。
本发明的工具38经由卡盘34和颈环32,沿着棒条14两侧通过腔体的分支18和20向下延伸至模腔基底部分22的棒条14下面。工具的端头部分,也就是,在卡盘34内的部分通过抵靠在环32上而将在其内模制塑坯的模腔端头封住。在附图其余的图中,只显示出工具38的在模具10内和在颈环32内的部分。工具在卡盘34内的部分是由两个或更多的构件所构成,其方式下文中将予描述。
在工具38和模具插入件26的表面之间有一个间隙40.1。从图1中可以看出,该间隙可能有例如2毫米宽。在工具38和棒条14之间也有一个间隙,标号40.2,该间隙大约有2毫米宽。包围棒条14的间隙40.2在其每一端,与间隙40.1的沿直径方向相对区域相连通。如随后将描述的,当熔化的合成塑料材料被压入模具内时,它充满了这些间隙而形成塑坯。在棒条14周围间隙内的材料形成一个中空的桥连接着位于邻靠插入件26的间隙40.1内的塑坯圆筒形部份的沿直径方向相对区域。
在图3中工具的构件都只简单地以块状显示。这样就可以容许它们相互之间的关系,与接受塑坯的间隙之间的关系,以及与模具之间的关系不致由于每个构件的结构细节而造成模糊不易看清。
工具38具有一个主要通道42(见图3)和两条次要通道44,所有这些通道都延伸至工具的全长。这将在下文中更详细地予以描述。
工具38是由多个单独构件组合而成,在图2至6中,该工具被显示出具有十个单独构件。构件46.1,46.2,46.3,46.4和46.5彼此都不同但都分别是构件48.1,48.2,48.3,48.4和48.5的镜象。两个在图1中位于套筒34内的构件未被示出。
构件46.1和48.1在其内各有一个T形的通道段50(见图5)。每一通道段的分支50.1可以与一个真空源或一个压缩空气源相连。分支50.2与构件46.2和48.2的直通通道段52相连,而分支50.3则相互连通。
如构件46.1,48.1相邻接,可以有一个插头和插座连接。例如构件48.1可以有一个包围其分支50.3的插座,而构件46.1则可以有一个插头插入在构件48.1的插座中。密封装置,例如一个O形环,可以用于插头和插座间的密封。还可以在相邻接的构件的表面上和其内设置销柱56和凹座58(在图5和6中未显示出)。这些可以保证构件相互之间以理想的方式定位。
所有其它的单独构件46.2,48.2等均有相似的通道段,插头,插座,凹座和销柱,这些就不再详细叙述了。
构件46,48的外表面与界定模腔的表面相匹配。构件的内表面与棒条14相匹配。构件46.3,48.3示意地显示在图9中而构件46.4,48.4则示意地显示在图10中。
如上面所提到的,工具还有两个次要通道44。在图9和10中可以清楚地看到,每个构件在其中都有穿过其中的两个孔54。每个孔54形成次要通道44的一部分。
缆索(图中未显示)被系住在卡盘套筒34内的构件之一上,穿过由孔54构成的次要通道44并被连接在例如一个铰盘上以便牵拉该工具38。如果愿意,通道44可以省去,而一根单独的缆索可以穿过通道42。
在使用时,由卡盘34夹持的工具被放置在如图1中所示的半模之一个的模腔内。工具的各单独构件相互邻近而各插头和插座,销柱和凹座都靠近。然后通过适当的吸嘴,对主要通道42进行抽气。抽气的进行将所有的构件吸引在一起,插头进入插座,而销柱56进入凹座58。如果需要,抽气的作用还可以用装在各构件上的电磁铁59予以补充并配以穿过各构件的电线61。这个结构示意地显示在图2中。工具就形成刚性串列的形式。
另一种方式是用电磁铁将各构件紧固在一起而不用抽气。
塑坯模具于是通过将各半模压在一起而将其闭合并注入塑料材料。这可以在模具的底部,或者如图示,在颈部进行。注入模具内的合成塑料材料充满了工具和模具之间的间隙,制成一个中空的塑坯带有一个中空的桥横贯其间。
在塑料材料充分固化使塑坯能自持后,就可将真空吸嘴除去和/或将通向电磁铁的电流切断。当各构件不再紧固在一起时可以知道在塑坯中已没有空间能容许它们相互移动。然而,该工具形成一个可活动性串列的形式,各构件松弛地相互连在一起。
塑坯模于是被打开,放出塑坯,塑坯连同其内的工具38被降入到一个具有最后瓶子形状的模腔内。这个模具于是予以闭合加热并将空气吹入塑坯中。空气最好是通过通道42进入其内的。如果这个通道被用作空气入口则必须安排一些O形环,从而在实施真空时使它们密封,而在施加压力时可以容许空气向外流出。软化的塑坯通过加压空气而膨胀以充满吹模的模腔。
吹模包括有凸出体,相当于凸出体18、20,这些凸出体经过塑坯的中空桥。这些凸出体当吹模进行时可以被拉向一侧从而使柄移向一个靠近瓶的周边的位置。如果联锁各构件的装置当塑坯固化时未被释开,则可以在这阶段将其释开。
经过工具的缆索于是可被用来将工具从瓶颈处拉出,此时该工具在吹气后的瓶中是可活动性的松弛配合。
如果构件46.2、46.3和46.4被制成宽一些,而构件48.2、48.3和48.4窄一些,则中空桥就能一开始就偏向一侧。
欲制成一个从瓶的一侧突出的柄,则可以使用一种如图11和12中所示的工具。这种工具包括一个第一排的构件60和一个第二排的构件,或一个单独的狭长构件62。
所描述的缆索可以被省去,而如图13中所示,每个构件连接到它邻近的构件或多个构件是通过一个旋轴64,其端头可相对于邻近的构件作枢转。旋轴64包括一根柱66,每一端上带有一个球68。柱66位于一个锥形的通道段70内,以使该旋轴可相对于构件自由活动。旋轴64容许各构件在一个并列的位置和一个分开的位置之间活动,在并列的位置时它们各自搭接形成一个刚性串列,而在分开位置时,旋轴将它们相连成一个可活动性串列的形式。
现在再看图14,所示构件包括四个节段72.1、72.2、72.3和72.4。每个节段有一个主要通道段74和两个次要通道76贯穿其中。它也有销柱56从可见的面上突出以配合其它的面上的凹座(未显示)。
图15和16显示出一种包括五个构件的工具,每个构件的结构都与图14中构件的相同。
在图17中每个构件都包括一个球80和一个用以接纳邻近构件上的球的鸽尾形凹座82。每个球都是松弛地配合在接纳它的凹座内。当没有力使各构件固定在一起时,球和凹座将各构件连成一个可活动性串列的形式。
图18和19的结构所包括的构件在其凸耳86中各有一个长形的开孔84而在叉92的每个叉齿90中有一圆截面的孔88。
对齐的孔88和开孔84接纳圆形横截面的销(未显示)。通过使销沿着开孔84移动,就能在各构件被连接在一起成一可活动性串列时,提供在构件之间的必要的自由移动。
图示的工具由于它们可以从任一方向被拉动,所以可以用来在被制造物件上形成内外浮雕。
Claims (12)
1.一种用以模制一个中空物件的工具,其特征在于该工具包括多个单独的构件,将所述构件连接在一起成一种第一相对关系的装置,在这种关系中各构件形成一种可活动性的串列,和将所述构件移位成一种第二相对关系的操作装置,在这种关系中它们相互搭接,而由所述构件构成的串列是刚性的,在操作装置停止操作时,所述构件又回到第一相对关系。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的工具,其特征在于该工具在每个构件中都有一个通道段,当各构件处于所述第二相对关系时,各通道段连在一起形成一条贯通该工具的通道。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的工具,其特征在于该工具包括有多个电磁铁,该电磁铁经过通电后,使所述构件移位成所述第二相对关系位置。
4.一种如权利要求3所述的工具,其特征在于该工具在每个构件中都有一个通道段,当各构件处于所述第二相对关系时,各通道段连在一起形成一条贯通该工具的通道。
5.一种如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的工具,其特征在于其中连接各构件在一起形成一个可活动性串列的装置包括横跨各构件之间的机械性连接件,在连接件和构件之间存在有自由游隙,因而容许工具的各构件能在它们的第一和第二相对关系位置之间移动。
6.一种如权利要求1、2、3或4所述的工具,其特征在于其中所述各构件包括有凹座和销柱,当工具的各构件处于所述第二相对关系位置时,销柱即配合在凹座内。
7.一种工具,其特征在于它包括多个单独的构件和可释开地联锁各构件成一种关系的装置,在这种关系中,它们互相搭接而该工具是刚性的形式,所述各构件,当联锁装置释开时,松弛地连在一起,而该工具成可活动性的形式。
8.一种模制一个中空物件的方法,其特征在于该方法包括将一个工具放置在一个开口的塑坯模中,该工具包括有多个单独的构件,连接所述各构件在一起成一个第一相对关系的装置,在这种关系中各构件形成一个可活动性串列,当各构件处于所述第一相对关系时将工具置于模具中,闭合该模具以形成一个模腔,该工具即在所述腔内,启动操作装置使所述各构件移位至一个第二相对关系,在这个关系中它们相互搭接而由所述构件构成的串列是刚性的,将可塑的材料压入模腔内使其占领模腔内那部分未被工具占领的地方,让所述材料固化以产生一个塑坯,将塑坯置于一个吹模内,闭合该吹模,对该塑坯吹气,停止操作装置使工具回复至一个可活动性串列的形式,然后将工具从中空物件中退出。
9.一种吹模一个带开口嘴的瓶的方法,其特征在于该方法包括将一个工具置于一个其中具有横贯该模具的凸出体的塑坯模内,该工具包括多个单独的构件,将各构件可释开地联锁成一种关系,在这种关系中它们相互搭接形成一个刚性的串列,凸出体经过刚性串列的第一和第二分支之间,将合成塑料材料压入塑坯模中以形成一个中空塑坯,该塑坯具有一个圆筒形的壁和一个横跨圆筒形壁两相对部分之间的中空桥,将塑坯和工具置于一个吹模中,对该塑坯吹气,释开所述各构件使它们形成一个可活动性串列的形式,然后将工具通过所述开口嘴从瓶中退出。
10.一种吹模一个其壁上带有一个开口的中空结构的方法,其特征在于该方法包括将一个工具置于一个塑坯模中,该工具包括多个单独的构件,可释开地将各构件联锁使工具形成一个刚性串列的形式,将合成塑料材料压入所述模具内以形成一个带有工具在其中的塑坯,对该塑坯吹气,将所述各构件相互释开从而使该工具形成一个可活动性串列的形式,然而,于此同时,各构件仍旧彼此相连着,最后,将工具通过所述开口从所述构件中退出。
11.一种塑坯模,其特征在于该模具包括有与模腔外周边为界的多块表面,与颈部区域为界的多块表面,该颈部区域形成从所述模具外部至模腔的一个入口,和一个从所述模腔的一侧延伸横贯模腔至另一侧的棒条,因而在该模具内制造出的塑坯上具有一个横向开口。
12.一种根据本发明结合在一起的塑坯模,其特征在于该塑坯模包括有与模腔外周边为界的多块表面,与颈部区域为界的多块表面,该颈部区域形成从所述模具外部至模腔的一个入口,和一个从所述模腔的一侧延伸横贯模腔至另一侧的棒条因而在该模具内制造出的塑坯上具有一个横向开口,和一个用模制一个中空物件的工具,该工具包括有多个单独的构件,将所述各构件连接在一起成一种第一相对关系的装置,在这种关系中各构件形成一个可活动性串列,和将所述构件移位成一个第二相对关系的操作装置,在这种关系中它们互相搭接而由所述构件构成的串列是刚性的,在操作装置停止操作时,所述构件又回至第一相对关系,该工具通过所述颈部区域进入模具,在所述棒条周围经过,并通过所述颈部区域从模具中退出。
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IL138041A0 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
AU745024B2 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
KR20010052186A (ko) | 2001-06-25 |
EP1073554A1 (en) | 2001-02-07 |
EP1073554B1 (en) | 2002-07-24 |
WO1999047338A9 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
WO1999047338A8 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
AU3240299A (en) | 1999-10-11 |
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