CN1290803C - 除铜试剂 - Google Patents
除铜试剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1290803C CN1290803C CNB038033666A CN03803366A CN1290803C CN 1290803 C CN1290803 C CN 1290803C CN B038033666 A CNB038033666 A CN B038033666A CN 03803366 A CN03803366 A CN 03803366A CN 1290803 C CN1290803 C CN 1290803C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- bismuth
- tin
- copper
- propellant
- removes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
- F42B5/24—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile for cleaning; for cooling; for lubricating ; for wear reducing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/04—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents for cooling the explosion gases including antifouling and flash suppressing agents
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种与推进剂混合来除去枪管内孔装膛线上的铜的除铜试剂。该除铜试剂基本上是由与其他的推进剂类化合物混合的无铅粉状添加剂组成。已经发现锡和铋的混合物是非常好的除铜试剂，特别是以42%Sn/58%Bi比例的混合物，该混合物的熔点为138摄氏度，比其中每一个组分的熔点低得多。各种合适的锡和铋化合物都可以使用。当推进剂被点燃时，铋和锡蒸发或液化，并且在促进除去铜沉积物时其变脆或溶解。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种与各种推进剂混合的添加剂，用来有效地将枪管内表面的铜沉积物除去。更具体地，涉及一种粉状除铜试剂与推进剂相混合的组合添加剂。
背景技术
大多数枪都有一个带有装膛线内孔的枪管，该内孔赋予射出的子弹以稳定自旋。所述的内孔可被涂上一层硬表面材料，例如铬，来减小腐蚀性磨损，从而增加从枪中射出的射弹数。
典型的大口径射弹的直径略小于内孔的直径。一个或多个封闭器或转动带围绕在射弹的周围。在转动带处，射弹的直径略大于枪管的内径。当射弹被射出，转动带被装膛线所刻划，在整个枪管中与装膛线接触，从而赋予射弹以稳定自旋。步枪和手枪的射弹通常没有转动带，但它们通常有一个被装膛线所刻划的由顿巴黄铜做成的套。
枪管由例如钢等材料制成，有时涂有一层例如铬等硬材料保护面。枪管比转动带或者套要硬，其通常为铜或者铜合金。因此，转动带或者套上的一部分铜沉积在枪管内的装瞠线上。这个被称作“铜垢”的铜沉积物能影响射弹的弹道，并且多数铜垢能抑制射弹正确地插入和固定，即开火之前安装在枪管中。
目前铜垢对于炮兵武器来说是一个主要问题，例如155-毫米榴弹炮。铜垢问题还出现在小型或中型口径的加农炮上，例如20-毫米加农炮。今天，由于无铅雷管的使用，铜垢问题在步枪中成了一个更大的问题。从前的含铅雷管中的少量铅可以用作除铜试剂。目前解决铜垢的办法是将除铜试剂加入到推进剂中，该除铜试剂在不损害枪管或装膛线的情况下将铜去除。
普通的除铜试剂是将一片铅箔放于推进剂和射弹之间，一点着推进剂，铅就蒸发并扩散到铜中。所得的合金很脆并且易碎，燃烧着的推进剂所产生的热量和推进剂气体的机械运动共同促使脆的铝/铜合金与枪管表面分离。碎片随着推进剂气体扫过枪口。
为什么铅箔可以用作有效的除铜试剂的第二个理论解释为：燃烧推进剂所产生的热熔化了铅箔。液态铅与铜沉积物接触并且溶解铜，含有铅液体的铜随着推进剂气体作为液体从枪口被射出来。
尽管金属铅和铅化合物是有效的除铜试剂，它对在武器周围工作的人是有毒的，因而需要一种无铅的除铜试剂。
无铅除铜试剂中，已有铋、铋的碱式碳酸盐(BiCO.sub.3)、锡和锡合金。铋化合物非常脆，即使是金属铋也不能象铅那样卷成薄箔片。铋金属和其他金属的合金虽然可以卷成薄箔片，但是这些合金非常昂贵并且作为除铜试剂并不是很有效。还有一种方案是将铋球放入销化纤维粘合剂中，并将其加入到推进剂中用作除铜试剂。
因此，仍然需要一种有效地将无铅除铜试剂加到推进剂中的方法。将除铜试剂加到推进剂组成中会更容易和更便宜地把特别制造的除铜添加剂加到进料中。
发明概述
本发明提供一种与推进剂混合来除去枪管内孔装膛线上的铜的除铜试剂。该除铜试剂基本上是由与其他的推进剂类化合物混合的无铅粉状添加剂组成。已经发现锡和铋的混合物是非常好的除铜试剂。特别是锡和铋的比例为10-62wt％Sn和90-38wt％Bi，尤其是42wt％Sn/58wt％Bi比例的混合物，该混合物的熔点为138摄氏度，比其中每一个组分的熔点低得多。各种合适的锡和铋化合物都可以使用。合适地选自金属铋、铋合金、铋化合物、金属锡、锡合金和锡化合物。当推进剂被点燃时，铋和锡蒸发或液化，并且在促进除去铜沉积物时其变脆或溶解。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种包含在推进剂中的基本上无铅的除铜试剂。本发明的一个特征是所述的无铅除铜试剂为推进剂的一部分并且均匀分布。
本发明的一个优点是所述的除铜试剂分布到枪管内并且与推进剂气体一起穿过枪管。当所述的除铜试剂包括在推进剂中时也就意味着粉末状的气体总是包含相同数量的除铜试剂。
本发明的最大优点是除铜试剂总是有的，它使装载过程变得更容易并且更便宜，不需要用特殊制备的物质做成的额外容器来除铜。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于推进剂的除铜试剂，其基本上是由无铅的粉末状添加剂组成，该添加剂由选自金属铋、铋合金、铋化合物、金属锡、锡合金和锡化合物的锡和铋组分的混合物组成以有效除去枪管内的铜沉积物，所述除铜试剂可被混入到各种推进剂中，其特征在于元素锡与铋的比例为10-62wt％Sn和90-38wt％Bi。
2.权利要求1所述的除铜试剂，其特征在于该混合物为42wt％Sn和58wt％Bi。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE02003663 | 2002-02-08 | ||
| SE0200366A SE523997C2 (sv) | 2002-02-08 | 2002-02-08 | Avkoppringsmedel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1628085A CN1628085A (zh) | 2005-06-15 |
| CN1290803C true CN1290803C (zh) | 2006-12-20 |
Family
ID=20286899
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB038033666A Expired - Fee Related CN1290803C (zh) | 2002-02-08 | 2003-01-13 | 除铜试剂 |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050115452A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1472199B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4298512B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100950907B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1290803C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE462680T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2003201797A1 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR0307511B1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2475497A1 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE60331890D1 (zh) |
| EA (1) | EA006416B1 (zh) |
| HU (1) | HU228870B1 (zh) |
| IL (1) | IL163376A (zh) |
| RO (1) | RO122058B1 (zh) |
| SE (1) | SE523997C2 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2003066544A1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200406262B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10350024A1 (de) * | 2003-10-27 | 2005-05-25 | Metallwerk Elisenhütte GmbH | Patrone mit nachweisrelevanter Dotierung |
| WO2011123398A1 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-06 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Methods for rework of a solder |
| CA2990862C (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2022-05-31 | Nitrochemie Wimmis Ag | Propelling charge system for artillery shells |
| JP6727730B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-19 | 2020-07-22 | 旭精機工業株式会社 | 弾丸及び銃弾 |
| CN111486744B (zh) * | 2020-04-14 | 2022-07-22 | 重庆兴勇实业有限公司 | 一种枪械除铜剂及其制备方法 |
| CN111363950B (zh) * | 2020-04-21 | 2021-05-28 | 中北大学 | 一种枪用合金除铜剂和制备方法 |
| CN113154938A (zh) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-23 | 中北大学 | 一种高效环保合金除铜剂及其制备方法与应用 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL9302056A (nl) * | 1993-11-26 | 1995-06-16 | Billiton Witmetaal | Kogel en het gebruik van een Sn-legering daarvoor. |
| US5463956A (en) * | 1994-02-08 | 1995-11-07 | Ici Americas Inc. | Wear decoppering liner |
| US5565643A (en) * | 1994-12-16 | 1996-10-15 | Olin Corporation | Composite decoppering additive for a propellant |
| JP2002025403A (ja) * | 2000-07-03 | 2002-01-25 | Sorudaa Kooto Kk | 温度ヒューズおよび温度ヒューズ素子用線材 |
-
2002
- 2002-02-08 SE SE0200366A patent/SE523997C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-01-13 RO ROA200400705A patent/RO122058B1/ro unknown
- 2003-01-13 EA EA200401051A patent/EA006416B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-13 HU HU0402655A patent/HU228870B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-13 CA CA002475497A patent/CA2475497A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-13 DE DE60331890T patent/DE60331890D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-13 KR KR1020047012179A patent/KR100950907B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-13 JP JP2003565922A patent/JP4298512B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-13 AU AU2003201797A patent/AU2003201797A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-13 AT AT03700650T patent/ATE462680T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-13 EP EP03700650A patent/EP1472199B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-13 CN CNB038033666A patent/CN1290803C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-13 WO PCT/SE2003/000028 patent/WO2003066544A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-01-13 BR BRPI0307511-7A patent/BR0307511B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-01-01 ZA ZA200406262A patent/ZA200406262B/xx unknown
- 2004-08-05 IL IL163376A patent/IL163376A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-08-09 US US10/913,426 patent/US20050115452A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4298512B2 (ja) | 2009-07-22 |
| CN1628085A (zh) | 2005-06-15 |
| AU2003201797A1 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
| BR0307511B1 (pt) | 2011-10-04 |
| SE0200366D0 (sv) | 2002-02-08 |
| US20050115452A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
| HU228870B1 (en) | 2013-06-28 |
| CA2475497A1 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
| SE0200366L (sv) | 2003-08-09 |
| EA006416B1 (ru) | 2005-12-29 |
| BR0307511A (pt) | 2004-12-07 |
| EA200401051A1 (ru) | 2005-02-24 |
| KR20040102005A (ko) | 2004-12-03 |
| EP1472199B1 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
| KR100950907B1 (ko) | 2010-04-05 |
| RO122058B1 (ro) | 2008-11-28 |
| ATE462680T1 (de) | 2010-04-15 |
| IL163376A (en) | 2009-12-24 |
| WO2003066544A1 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
| EP1472199A1 (en) | 2004-11-03 |
| JP2005517146A (ja) | 2005-06-09 |
| DE60331890D1 (de) | 2010-05-12 |
| HUP0402655A2 (hu) | 2005-08-29 |
| ZA200406262B (en) | 2008-01-30 |
| SE523997C2 (sv) | 2004-06-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20061220 Termination date: 20160113 |