EP1472199B1 - Decoppering agent - Google Patents
Decoppering agent Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1472199B1 EP1472199B1 EP03700650A EP03700650A EP1472199B1 EP 1472199 B1 EP1472199 B1 EP 1472199B1 EP 03700650 A EP03700650 A EP 03700650A EP 03700650 A EP03700650 A EP 03700650A EP 1472199 B1 EP1472199 B1 EP 1472199B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- propellant
- bismuth
- tin
- decoppering agent
- decoppering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000001622 bismuth compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000994 Tombac Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005552 hardfacing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
- F42B5/24—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile for cleaning; for cooling; for lubricating ; for wear reducing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/04—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents for cooling the explosion gases including antifouling and flash suppressing agents
Definitions
- This invention relates to an addition to every kind of propellant effective for removing copper deposits from the inside surfaces of a gun barrels. More particularly, a composite addition has a pulverized decoppering agent mixed into the propellant.
- Most guns have a barrel with a rifled internal bore that imparts a stabilizing spin on an expelled projectile.
- the internal bore may be coated with a hard facing material, such as chromium, to minimize erosive wear increasing the number of projectiles that may be fired from the gun.
- the typical large caliber projectile has a diameter slightly less than the diameter of the internal bore.
- One or more obturator, or rotating, bands gird the circumference of the projectile. At the bands, the diameter of the projectile is slightly larger than the internal diameter of the gun barrel.
- the rotating band is engraved by the rifling, contacting the rifling throughout the length of the tube imparting the projectile with a stabilizing spin.
- Projectiles for rifles and pistols normally do not have a rotating band but they very often have a jacket made of tombac, which is engraved by the rifling.
- the gun barrel is manufactured from a material such as steel and sometimes coated with a hard material such as a chromium facing.
- the gun barrel is harder than the rotating band or jacket, which is typically copper or a copper alloy.
- This copper deposition referred to as "copper fouling" can affect the ballistics of the projectile and major fouling can prevent the projectile from being inserted and seated, positioned in the barrel prior to firing, properly.
- Copper fouling is currently a major problem for large artillery weapons, such as 155-millimeter howitzers, and is also noted in small and medium caliber cannons, such as 20-millimeter canons. It has become a bigger problem in rifles today because of the use Of the lead-free primers. Before the primer contained lead and that small amount of lead worked as a decoppering agent. The current solution to copper fouling is including a decoppering agent into the propellant. The decoppering agent removes the copper without damaging the gun barrel of the rifling.
- a common decoppering agent is a sheet of lead foil deposited between the propellant and the projectile. On ignition of the propellant charge, the lead is vaporized and diffuses into the copper. The resultant alloy is brittle and easily shattered. The combination of the heat generated by the burning propellant and the mechanical movement of the propellant gases separates the brittle lead/copper alloy from the surface of the barrel. The fractures debris is swept from the muzzle of the gun with the propellant gases.
- a second theory as to why the lead foil is effective as a decoppering agent is that the heat generated by the burning propellant melts the lead foil. Liquid lead contacts the copper deposition and dissolves the copper, the copper bearing lead solution is expelled as a liquid from the muzzle with the propellant gases.
- bismuth bismuth subcarbinate (BiCO, sub 3), tin and tin alloys.
- Bismuth compounds are very brittle and even metallic bismuth cannot be rolled into a thin foil, but the alloys are very expensive and less effective as a decoppering agent.
- a decoppering agent for a propellant which comprises essentially of a lead free pulverized additive, consisting of a mixture of tin and bismuth compounds selected from the group consisting of metallic bismuth, bismuth alloys, bismuth compounds, metallic tin, tin alloys and tin compounds for effectively removing copper deposits from a gun barrel, which agent may be mixed into every kind of propellant generating a minimal amount of residue when burned, is provided.
- the decoppering agent is characterized in that the ratio between the tin and bismuth are between 10-62 % Sn and 90 - 38 % Bi.
- the melting point the optimal mixture is 13 8 degree C, much lower than the melting point of each of components.
- the bismuth and tin either vaporizes or liquefies when the propellant is ignited and either embrittles or dissolves facilitating removal.
- the decoppering agent is distributed to the barrel and through the barrel with the propellant gas.
- the decoppering agent is included in the propellant that also means that the powder gases always contain the same amount of decoppering agent.
- the biggest advantage with this invention is that the decoppering agent always is there, it makes the loading easier and cheaper for decopppering.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to an addition to every kind of propellant effective for removing copper deposits from the inside surfaces of a gun barrels. More particularly, a composite addition has a pulverized decoppering agent mixed into the propellant.
- Most guns have a barrel with a rifled internal bore that imparts a stabilizing spin on an expelled projectile. The internal bore may be coated with a hard facing material, such as chromium, to minimize erosive wear increasing the number of projectiles that may be fired from the gun.
- The typical large caliber projectile has a diameter slightly less than the diameter of the internal bore. One or more obturator, or rotating, bands gird the circumference of the projectile. At the bands, the diameter of the projectile is slightly larger than the internal diameter of the gun barrel. When the projectile is expelled, the rotating band is engraved by the rifling, contacting the rifling throughout the length of the tube imparting the projectile with a stabilizing spin. Projectiles for rifles and pistols normally do not have a rotating band but they very often have a jacket made of tombac, which is engraved by the rifling.
- The gun barrel is manufactured from a material such as steel and sometimes coated with a hard material such as a chromium facing. The gun barrel is harder than the rotating band or jacket, which is typically copper or a copper alloy. As a result, a portion of the copper from the rotating band or the jacket is deposited on the rifling inside the gun barrel. This copper deposition referred to as "copper fouling" can affect the ballistics of the projectile and major fouling can prevent the projectile from being inserted and seated, positioned in the barrel prior to firing, properly.
- Copper fouling is currently a major problem for large artillery weapons, such as 155-millimeter howitzers, and is also noted in small and medium caliber cannons, such as 20-millimeter canons. It has become a bigger problem in rifles today because of the use Of the lead-free primers. Before the primer contained lead and that small amount of lead worked as a decoppering agent. The current solution to copper fouling is including a decoppering agent into the propellant. The decoppering agent removes the copper without damaging the gun barrel of the rifling.
- A common decoppering agent is a sheet of lead foil deposited between the propellant and the projectile. On ignition of the propellant charge, the lead is vaporized and diffuses into the copper. The resultant alloy is brittle and easily shattered. The combination of the heat generated by the burning propellant and the mechanical movement of the propellant gases separates the brittle lead/copper alloy from the surface of the barrel. The fractures debris is swept from the muzzle of the gun with the propellant gases.
- A second theory as to why the lead foil is effective as a decoppering agent is that the heat generated by the burning propellant melts the lead foil. Liquid lead contacts the copper deposition and dissolves the copper, the copper bearing lead solution is expelled as a liquid from the muzzle with the propellant gases.
- While metallic lead and lead compounds are effective decoppering agents, the materials are toxic to humans working around the weapons. There is a need for a lead free decoppering agent
- Among the lead free decoppering agents that have been proposed are bismuth, bismuth subcarbinate (BiCO, sub 3), tin and tin alloys. Bismuth compounds are very brittle and even metallic bismuth cannot be rolled into a thin foil, but the alloys are very expensive and less effective as a decoppering agent.
- There are also solutions described in patent document No
WO 96/18862 - There remain, therefore a need for a method to effectively introduce a lead free decoppering agent into the propellant. To include the decoppering agent in the propellant composition makes it easier and cheaper when having to add a special made decoppering additive to the charge.
- According to the present invention, a decoppering agent for a propellant, which comprises essentially of a lead free pulverized additive, consisting of a mixture of tin and bismuth compounds selected from the group consisting of metallic bismuth, bismuth alloys, bismuth compounds, metallic tin, tin alloys and tin compounds for effectively removing copper deposits from a gun barrel, which agent may be mixed into every kind of propellant generating a minimal amount of residue when burned, is provided. The decoppering agent is characterized in that the ratio between the tin and bismuth are between 10-62 % Sn and 90 - 38 % Bi.
- We have found that the optimal mixture is 42% SN and 58% Bi.
- The melting point the optimal mixture is 13 8 degree C, much lower than the melting point of each of components.
- The bismuth and tin either vaporizes or liquefies when the propellant is ignited and either embrittles or dissolves facilitating removal.
- Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide an essentially lead free decoppering agent that is included in the propellant. It is a feature of the invention that the decoppering agent is apart of the propellant and distributed homogeneously.
- It is an advantage of the invention that the decoppering agent is distributed to the barrel and through the barrel with the propellant gas. When the decoppering agent is included in the propellant that also means that the powder gases always contain the same amount of decoppering agent.
- The biggest advantage with this invention is that the decoppering agent always is there, it makes the loading easier and cheaper for decopppering.
Claims (2)
- A decoppering agent for a propellant, which comprises essentially of a lead free pulverized additive, consisting of a mixture of tin and bismuth compounds selected from the group consisting of metallic bismuth, bismuth alloys, bismuth compounds, metallic tin, tin alloys and tin compounds for effectively removing copper deposits from a gun barrel, which agent may be mixed into every kind of propellant generating a minimal amount of residue when burned, characterized in that the ratio between the tin and bismuth are between 10 - 62 % Sn and 90 - 38 %Bi.
- The decoppering agent of claim 1, characterized in that the mixture is 42 % Sn and 58% Bi.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0200366 | 2002-02-08 | ||
| SE0200366A SE523997C2 (en) | 2002-02-08 | 2002-02-08 | decoppering |
| PCT/SE2003/000028 WO2003066544A1 (en) | 2002-02-08 | 2003-01-13 | Decoppering agent |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1472199A1 EP1472199A1 (en) | 2004-11-03 |
| EP1472199B1 true EP1472199B1 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
Family
ID=20286899
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03700650A Expired - Lifetime EP1472199B1 (en) | 2002-02-08 | 2003-01-13 | Decoppering agent |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050115452A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1472199B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4298512B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100950907B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1290803C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE462680T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003201797A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0307511B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2475497A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60331890D1 (en) |
| EA (1) | EA006416B1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU228870B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL163376A (en) |
| RO (1) | RO122058B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE523997C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003066544A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200406262B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10350024A1 (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2005-05-25 | Metallwerk Elisenhütte GmbH | Cartridge with detection-relevant doping |
| WO2011123398A1 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-06 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Methods for rework of a solder |
| EP3317606B1 (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2020-06-10 | Nitrochemie Wimmis AG | Propellant charge system for artillery shells |
| JP6727730B2 (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2020-07-22 | 旭精機工業株式会社 | Bullets and bullets |
| CN111486744B (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2022-07-22 | 重庆兴勇实业有限公司 | Firearm decoppering agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN111363950B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2021-05-28 | 中北大学 | Alloy copper removing agent for gun and preparation method |
| CN113154938A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-23 | 中北大学 | Efficient environment-friendly alloy copper remover as well as preparation method and application thereof |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL9302056A (en) * | 1993-11-26 | 1995-06-16 | Billiton Witmetaal | Bullet and the use of an Sn alloy therefor. |
| US5463956A (en) * | 1994-02-08 | 1995-11-07 | Ici Americas Inc. | Wear decoppering liner |
| US5565643A (en) * | 1994-12-16 | 1996-10-15 | Olin Corporation | Composite decoppering additive for a propellant |
| JP2002025403A (en) * | 2000-07-03 | 2002-01-25 | Sorudaa Kooto Kk | Temperature fuse and wire material for temperature fuse element |
-
2002
- 2002-02-08 SE SE0200366A patent/SE523997C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-01-13 HU HU0402655A patent/HU228870B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-13 DE DE60331890T patent/DE60331890D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-13 JP JP2003565922A patent/JP4298512B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-13 CN CNB038033666A patent/CN1290803C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-13 RO ROA200400705A patent/RO122058B1/en unknown
- 2003-01-13 AU AU2003201797A patent/AU2003201797A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-13 EA EA200401051A patent/EA006416B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-13 WO PCT/SE2003/000028 patent/WO2003066544A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-01-13 AT AT03700650T patent/ATE462680T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-13 KR KR1020047012179A patent/KR100950907B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-13 CA CA002475497A patent/CA2475497A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-13 BR BRPI0307511-7A patent/BR0307511B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-13 EP EP03700650A patent/EP1472199B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-01-01 ZA ZA200406262A patent/ZA200406262B/en unknown
- 2004-08-05 IL IL163376A patent/IL163376A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-08-09 US US10/913,426 patent/US20050115452A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE0200366D0 (en) | 2002-02-08 |
| IL163376A (en) | 2009-12-24 |
| ZA200406262B (en) | 2008-01-30 |
| SE0200366L (en) | 2003-08-09 |
| ATE462680T1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
| EA006416B1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
| BR0307511B1 (en) | 2011-10-04 |
| RO122058B1 (en) | 2008-11-28 |
| KR20040102005A (en) | 2004-12-03 |
| US20050115452A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
| SE523997C2 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
| HUP0402655A2 (en) | 2005-08-29 |
| JP4298512B2 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
| EP1472199A1 (en) | 2004-11-03 |
| WO2003066544A1 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
| EA200401051A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
| CN1628085A (en) | 2005-06-15 |
| CA2475497A1 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
| JP2005517146A (en) | 2005-06-09 |
| BR0307511A (en) | 2004-12-07 |
| CN1290803C (en) | 2006-12-20 |
| AU2003201797A1 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
| HU228870B1 (en) | 2013-06-28 |
| KR100950907B1 (en) | 2010-04-05 |
| DE60331890D1 (en) | 2010-05-12 |
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