CN111486744B - Firearm decoppering agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Firearm decoppering agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111486744B CN111486744B CN202010290995.5A CN202010290995A CN111486744B CN 111486744 B CN111486744 B CN 111486744B CN 202010290995 A CN202010290995 A CN 202010290995A CN 111486744 B CN111486744 B CN 111486744B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A29/00—Cleaning or lubricating arrangements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
- C23G5/06—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using emulsions
Abstract
The invention discloses a firearm copper removing agent and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of firearm cleaning. The invention comprises a firearm copper removing agent which comprises 40-60 parts by weight of a surfactant, 560-620 parts by weight of a corrosive agent, 300 parts by weight of a replacement complexing agent and 150 parts by weight of an oxidant 125-620 parts by weight of a copper removing agent; the replacement complexing agent comprises sulfamethoxydiazine sodium and sulfamonomethoxine sodium. A preparation method of a firearm decoppering agent comprises the steps of mixing the surfactant, the corrosive, the displacement complexing agent, the oxidant and auxiliary materials, and filtering to obtain a finished product; the cleaning agent solves the problems of poor cleaning effect, high toxicity, time consumption and inconvenient use of the prior copper removing agent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of firearm cleaning, in particular to a firearm copper removing agent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
When the gun shoots, the bullet is squeezed into the rifling because the diameter of the bullet is larger than the diameter of the positive line of the gun barrel, the positive line can be embedded into the surface of the diameter of the bullet, so that the metal on the surface of the bullet and the metal of the gun barrel generate larger friction force, when the friction force is larger than the shearing strength of armored metal, the metal on the surface of the bullet can be separated from the base metal and is retained and attached to the surfaces of the gun barrel and the inner chamber to form copper-attached residues, and because the two metals generate a heat covering effect under high temperature and high pressure, the combination is firm, and the bullet is difficult to effectively remove by adopting the traditional wiping material and method; the attached copper mainly exists in the form of elemental copper or copper oxide (CuO) on the surface of the bore of the gun barrel; when the copper is attached and is accumulated seriously, the firearms have the problems of heat dissipation and no shell extraction, the failure rate of the firearms is increased, and the firearms need to be cleaned by removing the copper in time after shooting.
The traditional method of our army is that a brush is dipped with GJB2049-94 standard No. 2 ordnance protective oil to wipe the inner bore of a gun barrel, and the method can only remove part of gunpowder residues and has an anti-rust effect, and cannot remove copper attached to the inner wall of the gun bore; the decoppering agent for the existing artillery is a technology introduced from the Soviet Union in 50 years, and the trial proves that the decoppering agent cannot meet the requirement of decoppering firearms. Some domestic firearms manufacturers use turpentine (or kerosene) and cresol as main components to prepare cleaning agents to remove copper; or removing copper with strong oxidant such as chromic acid solution with high toxicity, and decocting with strong alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide; or the most original method is adopted, and the shot firearm parts are placed in high-temperature bluing liquid to be boiled and washed to remove the attached copper; or still use artillery decoppering agent and quartz sand to carry out the barrel and clean, but above-mentioned effect is all not ideal, and the cleaning material that uses not only the method is crude, cleaning effect is poor, has corruption to aluminum alloy, working of plastics, and the toxicity is big moreover, consuming time, and it is inconvenient to use, neither is suitable for firearm manufacturer to use, more can not satisfy the actual demand that the army maintained the firearm.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a firearm copper remover, which solves the problems of poor cleaning effect, high toxicity, time consumption and inconvenience in use of the conventional copper remover.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical means:
a firearm copper removing agent, which comprises 40-60 parts by weight of surfactant, 560-620 parts by weight of corrosive, 300 parts by weight of replacement complexing agent and 150 parts by weight of oxidant;
the replacement complexing agent comprises sulfamethoxydiazine sodium and sulfamonomethoxine sodium.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the sulfamonomethoxine sodium to the sulfamonomethoxine sodium is 1: 1-2.
Furthermore, the displacement complexing agent also comprises disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, and the weight ratio of the sulfamethoxydiazine sodium to the sulfamonomethoxine sodium to the disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate in the displacement complexing agent is 1:1-2: 1-2.
Further, the oxidant comprises cerium ammonium sulfate and silver nitrate, and the weight ratio of the cerium ammonium sulfate to the silver nitrate is 1: 3-4.
Furthermore, the corrosive agent comprises triammonium citrate and ammonium molybdate in a weight ratio of 1: 45-50.
Furthermore, the surfactant comprises fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether in parts by weight.
Furthermore, the perfume also comprises auxiliary materials, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise 10-20 parts by weight of sodium benzoate, 0.5-2 parts by weight of emulsified silicone oil, 1-5 parts by weight of essence and 60-100 parts by weight of ethanol.
The invention discloses a firearm copper removing agent, which has the following beneficial effects in the using process:
firstly, a wetting effect is rapidly generated in a gun tube in a wetting mode, under the action of a surfactant, a copper removing agent is enabled to permeate between a chromium coating and a residue (namely, elemental copper and copper oxide), then, by means of chemical reaction, the interfacial tension between the residue and the surface of the chromium coating is reduced through emulsification, solubilization and dispersion, the bonding between the chromium coating and the residue is loosened, the elemental copper attached to an inner layer is oxidized into copper ions under the action of an oxidizing agent, and after a complex is formed through the action of a displacement complexing agent, dirt and copper oxide on the surface are removed through manual wiping, of course, the displacement complexing agent plays a role in displacing the copper ions in the copper oxide to enable the complexing effect of the copper ions to be more complete, and after the complex is formed, the complex is removed through manual wiping; in the whole oxidation, replacement and complexing process, severe corrosion is caused to elemental copper and copper oxide through the corrosive agent, so that copper is ionized more completely, the complexing effect is effectively improved, a copper ion complexing product is formed quickly and efficiently under a non-toxic condition, the purpose of quickly removing residues such as attached copper and the like is achieved, and the problems of poor cleaning effect, high toxicity, time consumption and inconvenience in use of the conventional copper remover are solved.
A preparation method of a firearm decoppering agent comprises the steps of mixing the surfactant, the corrosive agent, the displacement complexing agent, the oxidant and auxiliary materials, and then filtering.
Preferably, the caustic agent includes triammonium citrate and ammonium molybdate;
the replacement complexing agent comprises sulfamethoxydiazine sodium, sulfamonomethoxine sodium and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid;
the oxidant comprises cerium ammonium sulfate and silver nitrate;
mixing in a batch compounding mode, wherein the batch compounding comprises the following steps:
first compounding: mixing the triammonium citrate, the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and part of the ammonium molybdate for reaction to prepare a first mixture;
second compounding: mixing and reacting the cerium ammonium sulfate, the sulfamethoxydiazine sodium and part of the ammonium molybdate to prepare a second mixture;
and (3) third compounding: mixing the first mixture with the second mixture to prepare a third mixture;
fourth compounding: mixing the silver nitrate and the sulfa-metamethoxy pyrimidine sodium for reaction to prepare a fourth mixture;
and fifth compounding: and mixing and reacting the third mixture, the fourth mixture, the surfactant and the residual ammonium molybdate to obtain a primary finished product.
Preferably, the surfactant can be compounded with auxiliary materials, and the auxiliary materials comprise ethanol, essence and emulsified silicone oil.
Furthermore, sodium benzoate is added as a preservative in the fourth formulation.
Preferably, the ammonium molybdate is added to the first compound, the second compound and the fifth compound according to the proportion of 1:0.6-1.5: 1-1.5.
Further, in the batch compounding process of the raw materials, after ammonium molybdate and deionized water are mixed to prepare an ammonium molybdate solution, slowly dripping the ammonium molybdate solution into the reaction substrate within t hours, wherein the relationship between the addition amount of the ammonium molybdate and the dripping time t is 1kg of the addition amount of the ammonium molybdate, and the dripping time is 0.3-0.5 h.
The preparation method of the firearm copper removing agent disclosed by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
through the processing technology of compounding step by step and by combining the checking link after compounding of each step, the reaction conditions of reactants can be effectively improved, the combination reaction among all components can be better, the finished product can achieve better effect, and the condition that the copper removal effect is poor and the raw material waste is caused due to the fact that a large amount of raw materials are added is avoided.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
Meanwhile, it should be noted that the oxidizing agent in the foregoing description and different embodiments of the present application is a generic term of a substance capable of performing an oxidizing action, the surfactant is a generic term of a substance capable of performing a surfactant action, the substitution complexing agent is a generic term of a substance capable of performing a substitution complexing action, and the corrosive agent is a generic term of a substance that generates a corrosion damage action on elemental copper and copper oxide.
Also, in all embodiments, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative order of progression or importance.
Example 1
A firearm copper removing agent comprises 40g of surfactant, 560g of corrosive agent, 250g of displacement complexing agent and 125g of oxidizing agent.
Wherein, the surfactant is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether 40 g;
the corrosive agent is selected from 12g of triammonium citrate and 548g of ammonium molybdate;
the replacement complexing agent is selected from 83g of sulfamethoxydiazine sodium, 83g of sulfamonomethoxine sodium and 84g of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid;
the oxidant is selected from 31g of ceric ammonium sulfate and 94g of silver nitrate;
meanwhile, the copper removing agent also comprises 71.5g of auxiliary materials; the auxiliary materials comprise 10g of sodium benzoate which plays a role in antisepsis and fresh keeping, 0.5g of emulsified silicone oil which plays a role in emulsification and compatibilization, 1g of essence and 60g of ethanol.
The firearm copper removal agent in the embodiment is configured in the following way:
firstly, carrying out first compounding in a first reaction kettle, namely sequentially carrying out the following steps: adding deionized water into a first reaction kettle, slowly adding disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, 30% ammonium molybdate and triammonium citrate into the first reaction kettle in sequence, stirring for 2 hours, heating to 60 ℃, keeping the temperature, stirring for 10 hours, cooling to room temperature, stirring at room temperature for 6 hours, filtering to form a first mixture, and discharging after the first mixture is qualified.
Then, carrying out second compounding in a second reaction kettle, namely sequentially carrying out the following steps: adding deionized water into a second reaction kettle, slowly adding sulfamethoxydiazine sodium into the second reaction kettle, stirring and mixing for 2 hours to pre-react, heating to 40 ℃ after stirring, keeping the temperature for reaction for 6 hours, adding ammonium molybdate accounting for 18-45% of the total weight of the sulfamethoxydiazine sodium into the deionized water, mixing the ammonium molybdate with the deionized water to prepare a solution, wherein the weight ratio of the addition amount of the deionized water to the ammonium molybdate is 1:1, slowly dripping the ammonium molybdate solution into the second reaction kettle after preparing the ammonium molybdate solution, wherein the dripping speed is set according to the addition amount of the ammonium molybdate, the dripping time can be 0.3h or 0.4h or 0.5h for every 1kg of ammonium molybdate, the ammonium molybdate in the step is also used as a catalyst and cannot be added too fast or too slow, the over-fast addition can cause local reaction dripping, the over-slow addition can cause time waste, the production efficiency is low. After the dropwise addition of the ammonium molybdate solution is completed, slowly heating to 50 ℃, compounding the ammonium cerium sulfate solution, slowly adding the ammonium cerium sulfate solution dropwise into a second reaction kettle, after the dropwise addition is completed, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 10 hours, cooling to normal temperature, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 6 hours at normal temperature, fully reacting, filtering to form a second mixture, and after the second mixture is qualified, slowly discharging.
And then, performing fourth compounding in a third reaction kettle, and sequentially performing the following steps: adding deionized water into a third reaction kettle, simultaneously slowly adding sodium benzoate and sodium sulfadimidine in sequence, starting stirring of the third reaction kettle, raising the temperature after the raw materials react for 2 hours in advance, slowly raising the temperature to 40 ℃, keeping the temperature and stirring for 9 hours, preparing a silver nitrate solution by using the deionized water, slowly dripping the silver nitrate solution which is also used as a catalyst into the third reaction kettle, wherein the dripping time of each 1kg of silver nitrate is 0.3 hour between the dripping time of the silver nitrate solution and the adding amount of the silver nitrate. After dropwise adding the silver nitrate, stirring for 9 hours under the condition of heat preservation, after the reaction is finished, slowly cooling to the normal temperature, stirring at the normal temperature for reacting for 6 hours, filtering after the reaction is finished to obtain a fourth mixture, and slowly discharging the fourth mixture after the fourth mixture is qualified.
Thereafter, the surfactant can be compounded in the fourth reaction vessel, but in this example, the surfactant can be used as it is. When the surfactant is compounded, the method sequentially comprises the following steps: adding deionized water into a fourth reaction kettle, slowly adding fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, stirring for pre-reaction for 10 hours, slowly adding ethanol, emulsified silicone oil and essence into the fourth reaction kettle in sequence, stirring for reaction for 6 hours after feeding is completed, filtering to form a fifth mixture after the reaction is completed, and discharging after the fifth mixture is detected to be qualified.
And then, performing third compounding in a fifth reaction kettle, namely mixing the first mixture and the second mixture, stirring the first mixture and the second mixture at normal temperature for pre-reaction for 2 hours, slowly heating the mixture to 40 ℃, keeping the temperature for reaction for 9 hours, then slowly cooling the mixture, cooling the mixture to normal temperature, stirring the mixture for 6 hours again to fully react, filtering the mixture after the reaction is finished to form a third mixture, and slowly discharging the mixture after the third mixture is qualified.
And finally, carrying out fifth compounding in a sixth reaction kettle, stirring the third mixture, the fourth mixture and the fifth mixture (or a single surfactant) at normal temperature to pre-react for 8 hours, mixing the residual ammonium molybdate with deionized water to prepare an ammonium molybdate solution, slowly dripping the ammonium molybdate solution into the sixth reaction kettle, continuously stirring during dripping, keeping the speed of the ammonium molybdate dripping time the same as that of the ammonium molybdate dripping time in each step, keeping the temperature for 5 hours after the ammonium molybdate dripping is finished, stirring for 8 hours after the temperature is kept to obtain a primary finished product, filtering the primary finished product to obtain a finished product, and packaging and storing the finished product after the finished product reaches the standard.
Certainly, in order to facilitate transportation and transportation, the copper removing agent disclosed in this embodiment can also be directly mixed into mixed solid powder in a dry mixing manner, and after transportation is completed, deionized water is added as needed to perform dissolution configuration.
In this embodiment, the detection in each step is performed according to the following criteria:
1. at 25 f, no crystals, precipitates or precipitates were visually observed;
2. the pH value is 5.0-7.0;
3. the product density is 1.0-1.2 g/cm at 20 DEG C2。
Example 2
The firearm copper removing agent comprises 60g of surfactant, 620g of corrosive agent, 300g of replacement complexing agent and 150g of oxidant.
Wherein, the surfactant is 60g of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether;
12g of triammonium citrate and 608g of ammonium molybdate are selected as the corrosive agent;
the replacement complexing agent is selected from 60g of sulfamethoxydiazine sodium, 120g of sulfamonomethoxine sodium and 120g of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid;
the oxidant is selected from 30g of ceric ammonium sulfate and 120g of silver nitrate;
meanwhile, 127g of auxiliary materials are also included in the copper removing agent; the auxiliary materials comprise 20g of sodium benzoate which plays a role in antisepsis and fresh keeping, 2g of emulsified silicone oil which plays a role in emulsification and compatibilization, 5g of essence and 100g of ethanol.
The firearm copper removal agent in the embodiment is configured in the following way:
firstly, carrying out first compounding in a first reaction kettle, namely sequentially carrying out the following steps: adding deionized water into a first reaction kettle, sequentially and slowly adding disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, 30% ammonium molybdate and triammonium citrate into the first reaction kettle, stirring for 2 hours, heating to 60 ℃, keeping the temperature, stirring for 10 hours, then cooling to room temperature, stirring at room temperature for 6 hours, filtering to form a first mixture, and discharging after the first mixture is qualified.
Then carrying out second compounding in a second reaction kettle, namely sequentially carrying out the following steps: adding deionized water into a second reaction kettle, slowly adding sulfamethoxydiazine sodium into the second reaction kettle, stirring and mixing for 2 hours to carry out pre-reaction, after stirring, heating to 40 ℃, keeping the temperature for reaction for 6 hours, removing ammonium molybdate accounting for 18-45% of the total weight, mixing the ammonium molybdate with the deionized water to prepare a solution, wherein the weight ratio of the addition amount of the deionized water to the ammonium molybdate is 1:1, after preparing the ammonium molybdate solution, slowly dripping the ammonium molybdate solution into the second reaction kettle, setting the dripping speed according to the addition amount of the ammonium molybdate, adding every 1kg of the ammonium molybdate, wherein the dripping time can be 0.3h, 0.4h or 0.5h, and the ammonium molybdate in the step can also be used as a catalyst and can not be added too fast or too slow, the local reaction can be caused by too fast addition, the dripping is too slow, and wastes time, the production efficiency is low. After the dropwise addition of the ammonium molybdate solution is completed, slowly heating to 50 ℃, compounding the ammonium cerium sulfate solution, slowly adding the ammonium cerium sulfate solution dropwise into a second reaction kettle, after the dropwise addition is completed, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 10 hours, cooling to normal temperature, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 6 hours at normal temperature, fully reacting, filtering to form a second mixture, and after the second mixture is qualified, slowly discharging.
And then, performing fourth compounding in a third reaction kettle, and sequentially performing the following steps: adding deionized water into a third reaction kettle, simultaneously slowly adding sodium benzoate and sodium sulfa-metoximetamidine in sequence, starting stirring of the third reaction kettle, raising the temperature after the raw materials are pre-reacted for 2 hours, slowly raising the temperature to 40 ℃, keeping the temperature and stirring for 9 hours, preparing a silver nitrate solution by using the deionized water, slowly dripping the silver nitrate solution which is simultaneously used as a catalyst into the third reaction kettle, wherein the dripping time of the silver nitrate solution is 0.3 hour per 1kg of silver nitrate between the dripping time of the silver nitrate solution and the adding amount of the silver nitrate. After the dropwise addition of the silver nitrate is finished, stirring for 9 hours under heat preservation, after the reaction is finished, slowly cooling to normal temperature, stirring at normal temperature for reacting for 6 hours, filtering after the reaction is finished to prepare a fourth mixture, and slowly discharging the fourth mixture after the fourth mixture is qualified.
Thereafter, the surfactant can be compounded in the fourth reaction vessel, but in this example, the surfactant can be used as it is. When the surfactant is compounded, the method sequentially comprises the following steps: adding deionized water into a fourth reaction kettle, slowly adding fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, stirring for pre-reaction for 10 hours, slowly adding ethanol, emulsified silicone oil and essence into the fourth reaction kettle in sequence, stirring for reaction for 6 hours after feeding is completed, filtering to form a fifth mixture after the reaction is completed, and discharging after the fifth mixture is detected to be qualified.
And then, carrying out third compounding in a fifth reaction kettle, namely mixing the first mixture and the second mixture, stirring the first mixture and the second mixture at normal temperature for pre-reaction for 2 hours, slowly heating the mixture to 40 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 9 hours, then slowly cooling the mixture, cooling the mixture to normal temperature, stirring the mixture for 6 hours again to fully react, filtering the mixture after the reaction is finished to form a third mixture, and slowly discharging the third mixture after the third mixture is qualified.
And finally, carrying out fifth compounding in a sixth reaction kettle, stirring the third mixture, the fourth mixture and the fifth mixture (or a single surfactant) at normal temperature to pre-react for 8 hours, mixing the residual ammonium molybdate with deionized water to prepare an ammonium molybdate solution, slowly dripping the ammonium molybdate solution into the sixth reaction kettle, continuously stirring during dripping, keeping the speed of the ammonium molybdate dripping time the same as that of the ammonium molybdate dripping time in each step, keeping the temperature for 5 hours after the ammonium molybdate dripping is finished, stirring for 8 hours after the temperature is kept to obtain a primary finished product, filtering the primary finished product to obtain a finished product, and packaging and storing the finished product after the finished product reaches the standard.
Certainly, in the copper removing agent disclosed in this embodiment, in order to facilitate transportation and transportation, a dry mixing manner can also be adopted to directly mix the copper removing agent into mixed solid powder, and after transportation is completed, deionized water is added according to needs to perform dissolution configuration.
In this embodiment, the detection in each step is performed according to the following criteria:
1. at 25 f, no crystals, precipitates or precipitates were visually observed;
2. the pH value is 5.0-7.0;
3. the product density is 1.0-1.2 g/cm at 20 DEG C2。
Example 3
The firearm decoppering agent comprises 50g of surfactant, 590g of corrosive agent, 275g of displacement complexing agent and 138g of oxidizing agent.
Wherein 50g of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether is selected as the surfactant;
the corrosive agent is selected from 12g of triammonium citrate and 578g of ammonium molybdate;
69g of sulfamethoxydiazine sodium, 103g of sulfamonomethoxine sodium and 103g of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid are selected as substitution complexing agents;
the oxidant is selected from 30g of ammonium ceric sulfate and 108g of silver nitrate;
meanwhile, 99g of auxiliary materials are also included in the copper removing agent; the auxiliary materials comprise 15g of sodium benzoate which has the functions of antisepsis and fresh keeping, 1g of emulsified silicone oil which has the functions of emulsification and compatibilization, 3g of essence and 80g of ethanol.
The firearm copper removal agent in the embodiment is configured in the following way:
firstly, carrying out first compounding in a first reaction kettle, namely sequentially carrying out the following steps: adding deionized water into a first reaction kettle, slowly adding disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, 30% ammonium molybdate and triammonium citrate into the first reaction kettle in sequence, stirring for 2 hours, heating to 60 ℃, keeping the temperature, stirring for 10 hours, cooling to room temperature, stirring at room temperature for 6 hours, filtering to form a first mixture, and discharging after the first mixture is qualified.
Then, carrying out second compounding in a second reaction kettle, namely sequentially carrying out the following steps: adding deionized water into a second reaction kettle, slowly adding sulfamethoxydiazine sodium into the second reaction kettle, stirring and mixing for 2 hours to pre-react, heating to 40 ℃ after stirring, keeping the temperature for reaction for 6 hours, adding ammonium molybdate accounting for 18-45% of the total weight of the sulfamethoxydiazine sodium into the deionized water, mixing the ammonium molybdate with the deionized water to prepare a solution, wherein the weight ratio of the addition amount of the deionized water to the ammonium molybdate is 1:1, slowly dripping the ammonium molybdate solution into the second reaction kettle after preparing the ammonium molybdate solution, wherein the dripping speed is set according to the addition amount of the ammonium molybdate, the dripping time can be 0.3h or 0.4h or 0.5h for every 1kg of ammonium molybdate, the ammonium molybdate in the step is also used as a catalyst and cannot be added too fast or too slow, the over-fast addition can cause local reaction dripping, the over-slow addition can cause time waste, the production efficiency is low. After the dropwise addition of the ammonium molybdate solution is completed, slowly heating to 50 ℃, compounding the ammonium cerium sulfate solution, slowly adding the ammonium cerium sulfate solution dropwise into a second reaction kettle, after the dropwise addition is completed, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 10 hours, cooling to normal temperature, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 6 hours at normal temperature, fully reacting, filtering to form a second mixture, and after the second mixture is qualified, slowly discharging.
Then, performing fourth compounding in a third reaction kettle, and sequentially performing the following steps: adding deionized water into a third reaction kettle, simultaneously slowly adding sodium benzoate and sodium sulfadimidine in sequence, starting stirring of the third reaction kettle, raising the temperature after the raw materials react for 2 hours in advance, slowly raising the temperature to 40 ℃, keeping the temperature and stirring for 9 hours, preparing a silver nitrate solution by using the deionized water, slowly dripping the silver nitrate solution which is also used as a catalyst into the third reaction kettle, wherein the dripping time of each 1kg of silver nitrate is 0.3 hour between the dripping time of the silver nitrate solution and the adding amount of the silver nitrate. After the dropwise addition of the silver nitrate is finished, stirring for 9 hours under heat preservation, after the reaction is finished, slowly cooling to normal temperature, stirring at normal temperature for reacting for 6 hours, filtering after the reaction is finished to prepare a fourth mixture, and slowly discharging the fourth mixture after the fourth mixture is qualified.
Thereafter, the surfactant can be compounded in the fourth reactor, but in this example, the surfactant can be used as it is. When the surfactant is compounded, the method sequentially comprises the following steps: adding deionized water into a fourth reaction kettle, slowly adding fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, stirring for pre-reaction for 10 hours, slowly adding ethanol, emulsified silicone oil and essence into the fourth reaction kettle in sequence, stirring for reaction for 6 hours after feeding is finished, filtering to form a fifth mixture after the reaction is finished, taking the fifth mixture, detecting to be qualified, and discharging.
And then, carrying out third compounding in a fifth reaction kettle, namely mixing the first mixture and the second mixture, stirring the first mixture and the second mixture at normal temperature for pre-reaction for 2 hours, slowly heating the mixture to 40 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 9 hours, then slowly cooling the mixture, cooling the mixture to normal temperature, stirring the mixture for 6 hours again to fully react, filtering the mixture after the reaction is finished to form a third mixture, and slowly discharging the third mixture after the third mixture is qualified.
And finally, carrying out fifth compounding in a sixth reaction kettle, stirring the third mixture, the fourth mixture and the fifth mixture (or a single surfactant) at normal temperature to pre-react for 8 hours, mixing the residual ammonium molybdate with deionized water to prepare an ammonium molybdate solution, slowly dripping the ammonium molybdate solution into the sixth reaction kettle, continuously stirring during dripping, keeping the speed of the ammonium molybdate dripping time the same as that of the ammonium molybdate dripping time in each step, keeping the temperature for 5 hours after the ammonium molybdate dripping is finished, stirring for 8 hours after the temperature is kept to obtain a primary finished product, filtering the primary finished product to obtain a finished product, and packaging and storing the finished product after the finished product reaches the standard.
Certainly, in the copper removing agent disclosed in this embodiment, in order to facilitate transportation and transportation, a dry mixing manner can also be adopted to directly mix the copper removing agent into mixed solid powder, and after transportation is completed, deionized water is added according to needs to perform dissolution configuration.
In the present embodiment, the detection in each step is performed according to the following criteria:
1. at 25, no crystals, precipitates or precipitates were visually observed;
2. the pH value is 5.0-7.0;
3. the density of the product is 1.0-1.2 g/cm2 at 20 ℃.
The samples prepared in the preceding examples were kept for testing.
The copper removing tests of the copper removing agent in the three embodiments respectively comprise compatibility test detection, copper removing capability detection and gun following test detection, and specifically comprise the following steps:
first, compatibility test detection
The three gun decoppers are respectively coated on a gun barrel base material (30SiMn2MoVA alloy structural steel), a machine box (aluminum alloy), a connecting sleeve (alloy structural steel), a bayonet holder (alloy structural steel), a gas guide hoop (spring steel), a gun non-metal part (WSSL-1046 modified nylon, WSSL-1045 modified nylon 66), a part of a painted cartridge case and an optical device, bound by neutral packing paper, the test temperature is 39 +/-2 ℃, the test humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent, and after the gun barrel base material is placed for 72 hours, whether the test product has corrosion is observed, and specific results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 compatibility test Table
The test materials are the main materials of firearms such as 95-type firearms, 95-1-type 5.8 mm firearms, 03-type 5.8 mm automatic rifles, 88-type universal machine guns and the like which are used by the army at present and fire firearms such as 10-type 10A-type 5.8 mm common bullet firearms and the like, and through the detection, the copper removing agent prepared according to the invention is incompatible with the existing firearms, namely the copper removing agent prepared according to the invention does not corrode the existing firearms materials at all and does not damage the existing firearms materials.
Second, copper removal capability detection
In this example, H90 brass test pieces were used for testing, and the weight of the test pieces was used to determine whether the copper could be removed by the firearm copper remover of the present invention.
The specific operation is as follows:
1. selecting a vision sheet material, in the embodiment, selecting nine H90 brass sheets with the same size, namely 100mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 0.3mm, and arranging 1 small hole with the diameter of 2mm in the center of the top end; accurately weighing the initial weight of the test piece to 0.0001 g;
2. the three 200ml decoppering agent samples are respectively contained in three beakers and covered by a watch glass;
3. hanging a brass test piece by using a plastic hook, and immersing the brass test piece in a copper removing agent sample for 5 min;
4. and taking out the brass test piece, cleaning, drying and weighing.
Three groups of nine brass test pieces are divided, then the test pieces are respectively detected in the three different copper removing agent test pieces, and finally the weight change condition of the copper piece is obtained and shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 copper removal capability test Table
In the table above, the comparative examples were tested using GJB2049-94 Standard ordnance protection oil No. 2.
The tests show that the copper removing agent prepared by the invention has better copper removing capability, and compared with the conventional method for removing copper by using the number 2 ordnance protection oil, the copper removing capability of the copper removing agent is greatly improved. On the basis, the invention is further tested by a gun test, which is concretely as follows.
Third, detection by gun-following test
In this embodiment, the first gun decoppering agent is firstly subjected to a gun-following test, 5000 bullets are shot by a 95-type automatic rifle, the condition of the bore of the gun barrel is observed by an industrial endoscope, a picture is taken and recorded, and the precision of the gun is tested. Then, flatly placing the gun barrel, wrapping the gun wiping cloth by using a poker bar, dipping (spraying) the decoppering agent, uniformly coating the decoppering agent on the inner wall of the gun barrel (coating for 2 to 3 times), and standing for 5 minutes; then, a brush in the accessory of the gun is dipped (sprayed) with a decoppering agent to carry out push-pull wiping on the bore of the gun barrel; observing the condition of the inner bore of the gun barrel by using an industrial endoscope, taking a picture and recording a video, and comparing the condition before wiping the copper removing agent with the condition after wiping so as to obviously see that the inner bore of the gun barrel is flat and smooth after wiping; and the precision of the gun is tested again, the full distribution radius of the shot after wiping is 11.4mm, and the full distribution radius before wiping is 47.2mm, so that the precision of the gun is greatly improved.
Meanwhile, the second firearm decoppering agent and the third firearm decoppering agent are subjected to the gun-by-gun test, the effect is equivalent to that of the first gun-by-gun test, and the detailed description is omitted.
The above description is an application description of the firearm copper remover in specific use, and the firearm copper remover firstly rapidly generates a wetting effect in a gun tube in a wetting manner, under the action of a surfactant fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, the copper remover permeates between a chromium plating layer and residues (namely elemental copper and copper oxide), and then by means of chemical reaction, through emulsification, solubilization and dispersion, the interfacial tension between the residues and the chromium plating layer surface is reduced, the bonding between the chromium plating layer and the residues is loosened, the barrel chromium plating layer and the residues are loosened, and the copper removing process is more conveniently carried out.
The elemental copper attached to the inner layer of the gun barrel is oxidized into copper ions under the action of an oxidizing agent (in the invention, the main substances playing the role of the oxidizing agent are cerium ammonium sulfate and silver nitrate). And after the copper ions formed by oxidation replace the complexing agent to form a complex, removing dirt and copper oxide on the surface by means of manual wiping.
For the copper oxide remained in the gun barrel, the replacement complexing agent has the function of replacing copper ions in the copper oxide to ensure that the complexing action of the copper ions in the copper oxide is more complete, and the copper ions are removed by manual wiping after a complex is formed.
The displacement complexing agents used in the present invention are sodium sulfamethoxydiazine, sodium sulfamonomethoxine and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Because the reaction sites of the sulfamethoxydiazine sodium and the sulfamethoxydiazine sodium are different in the meta-position and the para-position in the replacement and complexation process. By mixing and adding, the complexing effect can be obviously increased, and the moderate reaction speed can be controlled. Therefore, the complex can avoid the conditions that the reaction is too violent, a large amount of colloidal adhesion occurs, and the complex is difficult to clean, and can also effectively avoid the conditions that the complex reaction is too slow and the copper removal efficiency is reduced.
In the whole oxidation, replacement and complexing process, the triammonium citrate and the ammonium molybdate are used as corrosive agents, so that the corrosive effect on residues in the gun barrel, such as copper simple substances, is achieved, the residues are severely corroded, copper ionization is more complete, and the complexing effect is effectively improved.
The invention realizes the purpose of quickly and efficiently forming a copper ion complex product under a nontoxic condition and quickly removing residues such as attached copper and the like, and solves the problems of poor cleaning effect, high toxicity, time consumption and inconvenient use of the existing copper remover.
Although the invention has been described herein with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More specifically, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure and claims of this application. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, other uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A firearms decoppering agent which is characterized in that: comprises 40-60 parts of surfactant, 620 parts of corrosive 560-; the emulsion also comprises auxiliary materials, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise 10-20 parts by weight of sodium benzoate, 0.5-2 parts by weight of emulsified silicone oil, 1-5 parts by weight of essence and 60-100 parts by weight of ethanol;
the replacement complexing agent consists of sulfamethoxydiazine sodium, sulfamonomethoxine sodium and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid;
the surfactant is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether;
the corrosive agent is ammonium citrate tribasic and ammonium molybdate;
the oxidant is ammonium ceric sulfate and silver nitrate;
the firearm copper removing agent is prepared by adopting the following method:
mixing the surfactant, the corrosive, the displacement complexing agent, the oxidant and auxiliary materials, and filtering;
the mixing is carried out in a batch compounding mode, and the batch compounding comprises the following steps:
first compounding: mixing and reacting the triammonium citrate, the disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and part of the ammonium molybdate to prepare a first mixture;
second compounding: mixing and reacting the cerium ammonium sulfate, the sulfamethoxydiazine sodium and part of the ammonium molybdate to prepare a second mixture;
and (3) third compounding: mixing the first mixture with the second mixture to prepare a third mixture;
fourth compounding: mixing the silver nitrate and the sulfa-metoxydiazine sodium for reaction to prepare a fourth mixture;
and fifth compounding: and mixing and reacting the third mixture, the fourth mixture, the surfactant and the residual ammonium molybdate to obtain a primary finished product.
2. The firearm decoppering agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: the weight ratio of the sulfamethoxydiazine sodium to the sulfamonomethoxine sodium is 1: 1-2.
3. The firearm decoppering agent of claim 2, wherein: the weight ratio of the sulfamethoxydiazine sodium to the sulfamonomethoxine sodium to the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is 1:1-2: 1-2.
4. The firearm decoppering agent of claim 1, wherein: the weight ratio of the cerium ammonium sulfate to the silver nitrate is 1: 3-4.
5. The firearm decoppering agent of claim 1, wherein: the weight ratio of the triammonium citrate to the ammonium molybdate is 1: 45-50.
6. The firearm decoppering agent of claim 1, wherein: the ammonium molybdate is prepared according to the following ratio of 1:0.6-1.5:1-1.5, respectively, into the first formulation, the second formulation and the fifth formulation.
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| HK1040412B (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2011-05-20 | Fujifilm Planar Solutions Llc | A chemical mechanical polishing slurry system having an activator solution |
| WO2003066544A1 (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2003-08-14 | Nexplo Bofors Ab | Decoppering agent |
| CN101955852A (en) * | 2009-07-13 | 2011-01-26 | 安集微电子（上海）有限公司 | Cleaning solution for plasma etching residues |
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