CN1289434C - 烧结体和电灯 - Google Patents

烧结体和电灯 Download PDF

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CN1289434C
CN1289434C CN02826661.7A CN02826661A CN1289434C CN 1289434 C CN1289434 C CN 1289434C CN 02826661 A CN02826661 A CN 02826661A CN 1289434 C CN1289434 C CN 1289434C
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F·L·G·弗里斯
A·H·M·基斯
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Abstract

一种气密的半透明多晶氧化铝的烧结体包含氧化镁、选自铒、钬、镝和铥的第二氧化金属和氧化锆。该烧结体可用于电灯的灯容器。

Description

烧结体和电灯
本发明涉及一种气密的多晶氧化铝的烧结体,所述多晶氧化铝中包含氧化形式的镁和氧化形式的第二金属M。
本发明还涉及包括气密的多晶氧化铝灯容器的电灯,该氧化铝中包含氧化形式的镁和氧化形式的第二金属M。
从EP-A-0 218 279中可得知这样一种烧结体的实施方案。
除含量最大为1000ppm的MgO外,已知的烧结体还包含20至200ppm(重量)的Er2O3。所述烧结体适用于具有含钠填充物的高压放电灯的灯容器。在可以从商店中购买到的灯中,烧结体的效果是令人满意的,但是,人们发现,在使用寿命期间,灯的性能很容易发生变化。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种在开头段落中所描述的那种烧结体,当用于电灯的灯容器时,该烧结体可防止灯性能发生变化。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种在开头段落中所描述的那种烧结体,其中,防止了使用期间灯性能发生变化。
本发明的第一个目的是通过如下方法达到的:第二金属M选自铒、钬、镝和铥,而氧化铝中还包含氧化形式的锆、含量为50至1000ppm以MgO计的镁和含量为10至100ppm以M2O3计的第二金属和含量为50至600ppm以ZrO2计的锆。
即,本发明提供一种包含氧化镁和第二金属M的氧化物的气密多晶氧化铝烧结体,其特征在于:第二金属M选自钬、镝和铥,而氧化铝烧结体中还包含50至1000重量ppm的MgO、10至100重量ppm的M2O3和50至600重量ppm的ZrO2
本发明是基于这样的认识:使用只包含MgO和Er2O3的烧结氧化铝的烧结体会引起尖晶石沉积在电灯的灯容器内,例如,沉积在灯容器的内表面上或沉积在其附近,尖晶石会与灯泡中的填充物发生反应,因此,引起诸如灯电压、发射光和/或色点光谱等性能的变化。对那些灯容器中装有不饱和填充物的灯而言,例如不饱和的高压钠灯(HPS),这种情况尤其严重。本发明也基于这样的认识:ZrO2能阻碍尖晶石的形成,但是也认识到,为了预防尖晶石的形成,例如在比上述更大的数量上预防尖晶石的形成,只有有限的ZrO2能用于这种目的,含锆的第二相会在灯容器的内表面上生成。这种第二相是人们所不想要的,因为它对灯的光效能和灯容器的机械强度会产生不利的影响。ZrO2的含量太大也会引起氧化铝晶体粒度分布的不良变化。本发明还指出,钬、镝和铥适用于代替铒,用作第二种金属,这是有利的。因此,本发明提供了更多种可供选择的起始原料。另外,与铒不同,钬、镝和铥是金属卤化物灯填充物中所存在的金属,因此,这些金属不是“所述灯的外来物质”。本发明的有利效果是,有可能形成多晶氧化铝的烧结体,极大地提高了耐化学品的腐蚀性,尤其是就Na而言的腐蚀性。就其它陶瓷灯,特别是不饱和HPS灯的使用寿命而言,这是受欢迎的。更有利的效果是,有可能制成更紧凑的放电容器,而又不损害使用寿命期间的灯性能。
氧化铝中存在镁可调节晶体的生长。如果镁的含量不足,就会生成很不规则的晶体结构和产生比较大的晶体以及比较小的晶体。比较小的晶体会降低烧结体的光透射率,比较大的晶体会降低烧结体的机械强度。为了阻碍烧结体表面或在其附近或在其整体中生成尖晶石,对镁的含量设定了一个上限。
第二金属也能调节晶体的生长,当用于灯容器时,其限定值会改变它与灯容器气体填充物的反应。如果第二金属的量太小,晶体的生长就不规则,因而得到的晶体结构也不规则。如果其量超过上述数量,也会引起不规则的晶体生长和不规则的结构。
锆也会影响晶体的生长。如果其量低于所需的数量,几乎不能有效地观察到生成的晶体结构;如果其量超过所需的数量,含锆的物质就会分泌在烧结体的表面,即所谓的第二相。分泌的第二相组分有可能参与放电,因而降低了灯的光输出。
在一个烧结体的具体实施方案中,以MgO计的镁的含量为50至500ppm,以M2O3计的第二金属的含量为20至50ppm,以ZrO2计的锆的含量为200至500ppm。即,在本发明提供的烧结体中,MgO的含量为50至500重量ppm,M2O3的含量为20至50重量ppm,ZrO2的含量为200至500重量ppm。这个实施方案已证明适用于光的透射、机械强度和耐外来元素对烧结体的作用。
如果烧结体中包含50至500ppm(重)以MgO计的镁、30至50ppm(重)以M2O3计的第二金属和200至400ppm(重)以ZrO2计的锆,即烧结体中MgO的含量为50至500重量ppm,M2O3的含量为30至50重量ppm,ZrO2的含量为200至400重量ppm,证明是非常有利的。
烧结体的形状可以不同,但通常为圆截面的管状。或者,烧结体也可以为片状、带中心孔的圆盘。与这样一种片材、圆盘的两端以气密方式相连接的管状烧结体很容易用作电灯的灯容器。此外,如果与片材、圆盘的两端以气密方式相连接的管状烧结体在圆盘的孔中有一个管状烧结体,该烧结体又与圆盘以气密方式连接,这也是受欢迎的。当灯容器在操作期间局部有较高的温度时,后一种烧结体非常适合用作这种电灯的灯容器。
烧结体可以用不同的方法制造。烧结体的组分或当物质受热时会从该物质中生成的组分可以进行干混合、造粒和模制。也可以往模制品中加入少量的其它组分,例如第二金属的化合物,其方法是用上述少量的组分来浸渍模制品。但,最好是将组分和粘合剂制成一种可捏制的团,然后,将该可捏制的团进行,例如,挤出。可对该模制品进行干燥,然后,例如在含氧的气氛,如空气中加热,使粘合剂分解。接着,对模制品进行加热,制成气密的和透光的烧结体。
为了制成圆盘和管子之间具有烧结化合物的烧结体,需使用预烧结的、因此也是已经收缩过的第一烧结体。将上述第一烧结体引入具有少量间隙的第二烧结体中,该第二烧结体不是预烧结的或只是较低程度的预烧结。若有必要,可将该组合体引入具有少量间隙的第三烧结体中,该第三烧结体不是预烧结的或预烧结程度低于第二烧结体。如果所得到的组合烧结体的形状相当于最想要的烧结体的形状,那么,就可以进行烧结了。在这个过程中,最外面部分的收缩量比更靠内部分的收缩量大,并且,组份之间形成了烧结化合物,因而得到一种多晶氧化铝的单一的透光的烧结的气密烧结体。
本发明的第二个目的是这样达到的:即灯容器包含本发明的烧结体。
电灯可以是高压放电灯,如高压钠蒸汽放电灯或高压金属卤化物放电灯;在这种情况下,例如,钨电极对在可电离气体中存在。此外,所述灯也可以是卤素白炽灯。在这种情况下,钨的白炽体在含卤素的气体中,如含溴化氢的气体中存在。
实施例
将已知量的氧化铝、有机粘合剂、醋酸镁、醋酸铒和水与醋酸锆一起充分捏合。将该混合物挤出成管材。对管材进行干燥,然后用已知方法加热至1150--1400℃,使粘合剂和盐类分解。在另一个方法中,将用已知方法加工成型的烧结体,例如氧化铝、氧化镁和氧化铒的管子,在醋酸锆溶液中与锆一起浸渍。然后,用已知方法对成型的烧结体干燥和加热至1000-1400℃,使盐类分解。
在管子的末端装上圆柱形的钻透的盘,然后,将温度升高至约1800℃,用已知方法对该组合体进行烧结。所得到的氧化铝烧结体包含300ppm(重)MgO、50ppm(重)Er2O3和400ppm(重)ZrO2,并可用作高压钠灯的灯容器。
本发明电灯的实施方案如附图所示。在附图中:
图1是高压放电灯的侧视图;
图2是图1所示灯的灯容器的纵向截面图。
图3是灯容器的不同实施方案的纵向截面图。
在图1中,该灯有一个能与本发明烧结体相适应的石英玻璃外壳1,其可用作由半透明的气密烧结氧化铝制成的灯容器2,该容器与电流导线3相连接,导线3与触点4相连接。
灯容器2(参见图2)由圆柱形管子20构成,该管通过烧结方法与圆盘21气密地相连接。通过烧结方法,在圆盘21的中心孔上固定一根窄管子22。在管子22比较彻底地预烧结之后,将管20、22和圆盘21放在一起,圆盘21被较少地预烧结,而管20被比较轻微地预烧结。随后对组合件进行烧结,得到本发明的烧结体。
通过熔焊材料10,将导线40气密地固定在窄管22中。每根导线40带有一个钨电极41。将惰性气体和钠汞齐充入灯容器2围住的空间11。
在图3中,与图2所示部件相对应的部件具有与图2相同的参考号。灯容器2的末端部分(图中未示出)相对应于示出的末端部分。管20的两端由圆盘21通过烧结方法气密住。用作导线40(带有电极41)的铌母线被固定在圆盘21中。
在一个试验中,用不饱和HPS灯对灯使用寿命期间灯光谱性质的效果进行了试验。众所周知,作为HPS灯光谱的主要指示器能够计算出光谱中自逆转钠D线最高值之间的波长差Δλ。
额定功率为70W并带有本发明放电容器的串联灯,其Δλ值,在1000小时的使用周期内,被确认为几乎是恒定的。这表明,填充物的钠含量是保持恒定的,而且在使用期间内没有大量的其它组分参与放电。
在另一组带有已知技术的放电容器并具有相同填充物和额定功率的串联灯中,使用寿命开始时的Δλ值为33nm。在1000小时的使用周期后,Δλ值已降至20nm,这表明,由于放电而损失了大量的钠。

Claims (6)

1.一种包含氧化镁和第二金属M的氧化物的气密多晶氧化铝烧结体,其特征在于:第二金属M选自钬、镝和铥,而氧化铝烧结体中还包含50至1000重量ppm的MgO、10至100重量ppm的M2O3和50至600重量ppm的ZrO2
2.权利要求1的烧结体,其特征在于:MgO的含量为50至500重量ppm,M2O3的含量为20至50重量ppm,ZrO2的含量为200至500重量ppm。
3.权利要求2的烧结体,其特征在于:MgO的含量为50至500重量ppm,M2O3的含量为30至50重量ppm,ZrO2的含量为200至400重量ppm。
4.一种包括包含氧化镁和第二金属M的氧化物的气密多晶氧化铝灯容器的电灯,其特征在于:该灯容器包含权利要求1的烧结体。
5.一种包括包含氧化镁和第二金属M的氧化物的气密多晶氧化铝灯容器的电灯,其特征在于:该灯容器包含权利要求2的烧结体。
6.一种包括包含氧化镁和第二金属M的氧化物的气密多晶氧化铝灯容器的电灯,其特征在于:该灯容器包含权利要求3的烧结体。
CN02826661.7A 2002-01-04 2002-12-18 烧结体和电灯 Expired - Fee Related CN1289434C (zh)

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