CN1283781C - 用于由可发酵糖及其混合物生产l(+)-乳酸盐的嗜热微生物凝结芽孢杆菌菌株sim-7dsm14043 - Google Patents

用于由可发酵糖及其混合物生产l(+)-乳酸盐的嗜热微生物凝结芽孢杆菌菌株sim-7dsm14043 Download PDF

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CN1283781C
CN1283781C CNB028066642A CN02806664A CN1283781C CN 1283781 C CN1283781 C CN 1283781C CN B028066642 A CNB028066642 A CN B028066642A CN 02806664 A CN02806664 A CN 02806664A CN 1283781 C CN1283781 C CN 1283781C
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J·西米斯克
A·努尔克
A·黑纳鲁
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Abstract

用于由可发酵糖,包括糊精、淀粉生产L(+)-乳酸盐的微生物菌株凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)SIM-7DSM14043。优选的培养温度为53-65℃。发酵所得的L(+)-乳酸盐终浓度达12%、产率达95%。可在不对设备和培养基进行高温灭菌的情况下培养所述微生物菌株。利用谷物粉作为可发酵糖源,微生物菌株对矿物质和氮盐的需要可由谷物中的化合物提供。

Description

用于由可发酵糖及其混合物生产L(+)-乳酸盐的 嗜热微生物凝结芽孢杆菌菌株SIM-7 DSM 14043
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,涉及利用微生物合成生产光学纯的L(+)-乳酸盐。
背景技术
L(+)-乳酸盐的微生物合成基于同型乳酸发酵,由一个发酵的己糖(例如葡萄糖或半乳糖)分子形成两个乳酸盐分子。
目前尚未实现纯L(+)-乳酸盐的工业化学合成,因此对于该化合物的微生物合成还没有替代方式。
在L(+)-乳酸盐微生物合成中,从能耗效率的角度考虑,在可使设备和发酵培养基不经高温灭菌步骤的发酵过程顺利进行的条件下,所用微生物菌株的最高可能培养温度是决定性的因素。
在目前基于乳酸杆菌的发酵过程中,培养温度不超过45℃,这就不能避免在非无菌条件、营养丰富的培养基中进行的发酵过程会受到嗜热微生物的污染(J.H.Litchfield;In Advances in Applied Microbiology,Neidleman S.L.ed,Vol.42,pp 45-95,1996)。基于凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)TB/04的过程的最佳培养温度为52℃(T.Payot,Z.Chemaly,F.Fick Enzyme and Microbial Technology,24,191-199页)。这种情况的缺陷在于,高糖浓度(高于7,5%)下该过程的抑制使这一菌株以工业规模应用复杂化。
本发明以微生物菌株凝结芽孢杆菌DSM 5196为原型(美国专利5079164;C12P 7/56,C12R 1/07;Jungbunzlauer Aktiengesellschaft,1992)。在基于这种微生物的发酵过程中,最佳培养温度是52℃。培养该微生物的起始糖浓度可达20%。但这种微生物只能将生长培养基中70%的葡萄糖或蔗糖转化成乳酸盐,低于目前工业应用水平(85-90%)。
另外,凝结芽孢杆菌DSM 5196不能水解淀粉,这意味着需要在单独的工艺工程中先将作为廉价原料的淀粉进行预处理(液化和糖化)。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供嗜热微生物菌株,该菌株能在比目前已知的发酵过程更高的温度下生长并产生乳酸盐、对高起始糖浓度具有更高的耐受性、能水解淀粉并适于利用可发酵单糖和淀粉生产L(+)-乳酸盐。
本发明的目的在于提供由过热谷物(overheated cereal)(小麦)中分离的、具有微生物降解特性的嗜热微生物菌株凝结芽孢杆菌SIM-7 DSM14043。碾磨小麦使淀粉液化。所得的具有18-20%糖含量的水解产物在60℃下用作富集培养物。用标准的微生物方法进一步筛选所述的微生物菌株。
培养和形态学特征  凝结芽孢杆菌SIM-7 DSM 14043的菌落为圆形、凸起、有光泽、透明、表面平滑、组分干燥、直径2...3mm。长革兰氏阳性杆状细胞、成链。细胞能运动,形成近端卵形内生孢子。
生理生化特性  该微生物菌株可利用单糖:葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、果糖,和二糖:蔗糖、麦芽糖和纤维二糖生长。可利用多糖一淀粉生长。不能发酵乳糖。不能降解酪蛋白和明胶。
其可进行发酵代谢,可发酵葡萄糖和淀粉成L(+)-乳酸盐而不形成CO2。不形成D(-)-乳酸、耐氧。过氧化氢酶阳性、细胞色素c阴性。无吲哚形成能力。
生长温度  该菌株可在高达65℃下生长,其孢子的活力在85℃下至少可以保持40分钟。其最佳培养温度是57℃,可将包括淀粉在内的可发酵糖转化为高纯度的L(+)-乳酸盐,自代谢糖的转化率达95%。其可在高达65℃的条件下生长并生产L(+)-乳酸盐,该温度比先前已报道的其它菌株的相应温度高出5-10℃。
对本发明目的微生物的菌株的鉴定
应用Biolog公司基于代谢活性方式(GP2 MicroPlate)的革兰氏阳性微生物鉴定系统,GP数据库(版本4.01A),鉴定出菌株SIM-7最可能(99%)为热葡糖苷酶芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thermoglucosidasius)物种。但这些数据与菌株SIM-7的16S rRNA基因序列数据(Gene Bank acc.nr.AF346895)相矛盾。Gene bank的数据表明与SIM-7菌株亲缘关系最近的菌株中,它与Bacillus sp HC15(AC252329)相比,总共1464个核苷酸的序列中有2个核苷酸不同;与凝结芽孢杆菌NCDO 1761(X60614)有6个核苷酸不同;与凝结芽孢杆菌IAM 12463(D16267)有7个核苷酸不同;与凝结芽孢杆菌JCM2257(D8313)有8个核苷酸不同。而与热葡糖苷酶芽孢杆菌(ABO21197)有131个核苷酸不同。Dr Watanabe等[Watanabe,K.,Kitamura,K.,Suzuki,Y(1996)Appl.Environ.Microbiol.62:2066-2073]比较了菌株热葡糖苷酶芽孢杆菌KP1006和凝结芽孢杆菌ATCC 7050中的一个分解代谢基因(寡-1,6葡萄糖苷酶)的核苷酸序列。这些蛋白的总体序列相似性为59%(Watanabe等)。菌株SIM-7的16S rRNA基因序列和寡-1,6葡萄糖苷酶的部分核苷酸序列均表现出与凝结芽孢杆菌物种具有明显的相关性。在菌株凝结芽孢杆菌ATCC 7050和凝结芽孢杆菌SIM-7 DSM14043中,该基因第643到1287位核苷酸中仅有2个核苷酸的差异,均导致Met399/Ile和Gln402/His的改变(分别在GeneBank D78342的核苷酸序列中,a替代了1244位的g,t替代了1253位的a)。所以,菌株SIM-7是凝结芽孢杆菌的非典型嗜热变体,尽管总体上其与物种热葡糖苷酶芽孢杆菌代谢类似。菌株凝结芽孢杆菌SIM-7 DSM14043也没有β-半乳糖苷酶活性,与凝结芽孢杆菌DSM 5196(Kirkovits等)不同,其不能利用乳糖生长但可利用半乳糖生长。具有上述特性的微生物在2001年2月8日保藏于德意志微生物保藏中心(Deutsche Sammlung fur Mikroorganismen undZellkulturen GmbH),保藏号为DSM 14043。
该微生物菌株能在高温下生长并可利用糊精的能力简化了由淀粉生产乳酸盐的工艺,免去了单独进行淀粉糖化的工艺步骤,节省了淀粉糖化作用所需的葡糖淀粉酶,使该工艺过程更为廉价。
在57℃的温度下进行部分液化淀粉发酵过程中,由于培养基的粘度降低而减少了搅拌所需能量。可发酵几种单糖和二糖的能力使该菌株可用于由复合糖底物或其混合物生产L(+)-乳酸盐。如果将谷物作为淀粉的来源,菌株对矿物质和含氮化合物的需要即可大部分由所述谷物衍生的化合物提供。所述微生物可耐受生长培养基中的高起始糖浓度(17-20%),除在培养基中积累13-14%的乳酸钙外,还在生长培养基中积累葡萄糖。所幸乳酸钙在高发酵温度下具有良好的溶解性,如果该过程涉及Ca2+中和作用,可将乳酸钙的浓度提高到160-170g l-1
由可发酵糖及其混合物生产L(+)-乳酸盐的方法基于:在53-65℃的温度培养所述微生物菌株,最佳培养温度为57℃,培养基中含部分可发酵糖,包括糊精、淀粉和其它营养物。发酵所得的L(+)-乳酸盐浓度达12%、收率达95%。可在不对设备和培养基进行高温灭菌的情况下培养所述微生物。利用谷物粉作为发酵糖源,微生物菌株对生长培养基中矿物质和含氮化合物的需要可由所述谷物衍生的化合物提供。
实施例
1.嗜热微生物菌株凝结芽孢杆菌SIM-7 DSM 14043的分离
利用微生物的谷物降解特性由过热谷物(小麦)中分离出所述菌株。小麦颗粒(wheat mass)已经过粉碎并液化。所得糖含量为18-20%的淀粉水解物,在60℃下用作富集培养物。将所述培养物铺展为单菌落,挑选出可使培养基酸化的菌落,接下来通过不产生CO2而筛选具有同型乳酸发酵能力的菌落。L(+)-乳酸盐经L-乳酸盐脱氢酶酶解检测。从嗜热、耐氧并可产生L(+)-乳酸盐的菌落中分离出凝结芽孢杆菌SIM-7 DSM 14043纯培养物。
2.L(+)-乳酸盐的生产
将Triticale粉(285g)悬浮于1升水中,用α-淀粉酶在85℃下液化淀粉至DE=22.5。在60℃下用葡糖淀粉酶将液化的淀粉糖化。离心从糖化淀粉中去除不溶性的纤维物质和蛋白质。向葡萄糖含量为14.8g/l的糊状上清中加入最多0.6%的酵母抽提物用作凝结芽孢杆菌SIM-7 DSM 14043的发酵培养基。向发酵培养基中加入碳酸钙中和所形成的乳酸。发酵pH为5.3-6.2之、温度57℃、每分钟搅拌100转。在这些条件下发酵98小时后,L(+)-乳酸盐的终浓度达12.3%。由代谢葡萄糖到L(+)-乳酸盐的产率为95.5%。

Claims (6)

1.微生物菌株凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)SIM-7DSM14043。
2.利用如权利要求1所述的微生物由可发酵糖及其混合物生产L(+)-乳酸盐的方法,其特征在于,在53-65℃的温度下培养所述微生物菌株,并且发酵培养基含部分可发酵的糖。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述部分可发酵的糖是糊精和淀粉。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,在57℃的温度下培养所述微生物菌株。
5.如权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,在设备和培养基不进行高温灭菌的条件下培养所述微生物菌株。
6.如权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,将谷物粉用作可发酵糖的来源。
CNB028066642A 2001-03-16 2002-03-15 用于由可发酵糖及其混合物生产l(+)-乳酸盐的嗜热微生物凝结芽孢杆菌菌株sim-7dsm14043 Expired - Fee Related CN1283781C (zh)

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BR9605262A (pt) * 1995-10-27 1998-07-21 Shimadzu Corp Método para a produçao de ácido lático com alta pureza óptica usando cepas de bacillus
EE200100181A (et) * 2001-03-23 2002-12-16 L�unat��stuse AS Meetod biolaguneva piimhappepolümeeri saamiseks ja selliselt saadud piimhappepolümeeri kasutamine

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US7183088B2 (en) 2007-02-27
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