CN1263445A - 加热装置以及加热元件的安装方法 - Google Patents

加热装置以及加热元件的安装方法 Download PDF

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CN1263445A
CN1263445A CN99800542A CN99800542A CN1263445A CN 1263445 A CN1263445 A CN 1263445A CN 99800542 A CN99800542 A CN 99800542A CN 99800542 A CN99800542 A CN 99800542A CN 1263445 A CN1263445 A CN 1263445A
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CN1178616C (zh
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G·R·F·斯科特
D·V·赫福德
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J27/00—Cooking-vessels
    • A47J27/21—Water-boiling vessels, e.g. kettles
    • A47J27/21008—Water-boiling vessels, e.g. kettles electrically heated
    • A47J27/21041—Water-boiling vessels, e.g. kettles electrically heated with heating elements arranged outside the water vessel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3608—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B29C65/3612—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/362—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/542—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining hollow covers or hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3676—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B29K2995/0008—Magnetic or paramagnetic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
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Abstract

加热装置,包括塑料主体和平面型加热元件,它们共同构成了液体加热容器,加热元件被夹在主体的一部分和固定环之间。主体和固定环通过感应焊接相互固定到一起。在感应焊接过程中实现了密封件均匀压缩。焊接提供了可靠的密封。

Description

加热装置以及加热元件的安装方法
本发明涉及由塑料主体和平面型加热元件构成的加热装置，特别涉及将加热元件安装到主体上的安装方法。本发明尤其涉及，但不是局限于，水加热装置，例如电暖壶。
现已发明了装有平面型加热元件的各种液体加热装置，以及可采用多种技术将加热元件安装到加热装置的主体上。在加热装置的主体和加热元件之间通常设有一个密封件，各种安装方法都试图确保密封件的均匀压缩，以提供可靠的密封。
英国专利GB 2,291,325公开了一种将平面型加热元件安装到容器体上的方法，其依赖于围绕加热元件的容器体的变形，从而使加热元件夹持就位并压缩密封件。这种方案的一个问题是容器体的变形，它是通过加热容器体然后再对材料施压产生的，其会引起材料中的结构减弱。对于塑料容器体而言，其后的蠕变可能减小密封件上所要保持的压缩。另外，不可能以能提供已知均匀程度的密封件压缩的足够精度控制塑料的变形状态。
本发明提供了一种将平面型加热元件安装到塑料主体以装配出液体加热容器的方法，该主体中设有一个用来接纳加热元件的孔，该方法的步骤包括：
用加热元件的一个表面覆盖住孔，并且将密封件置于加热元件和主体之间；
将固定环置于加热元件的另一表面上并且使它与塑料主体的一部分啮合，将一感应加热元件置于主体和固定环之间；
使感应加热元件产生出感应热以将固定环感应焊接到主体上，同时施加作用力以使固定环与容器体产生相对运动，以便将加热元件夹持就位并且压缩密封件。
本发明还涉及一种加热装置，其由塑料主体和平面型加热元件构成，它们共同构成了液体加热容器，加热元件被夹在主体的一部分和固定环之间，主体和固定环通过感应焊接相互固定在一起。
在本发明的方法和装置中，加热元件被夹在塑料主体和固定环之间，这两个元件通过感应焊接相互固定在一起。使用感应焊接能够使在塑料软化时使固定环和主体相互运动，从而可实现密封件的压缩。当感应焊接冷却后，密封件将保持压缩。与塑性锻造工艺相比，感应焊接不易产生蠕变；并且与采用多个分散的紧固件，例如螺钉相比，还能够提供更均匀的密封件压缩。
主体最好具有一个围绕着孔并向下延伸的凸缘，固定环则具有能够装配到凸缘上的凹槽，感应加热元件被置于凸缘的一部分和凹槽的一部分之间。这种布置有利于固定环的定位。主体可设有围绕着凸缘外表面的若干挡块。且在感应焊接中使固定环移动，直到固定环的一部分紧靠在挡块上，由此确定了密封件预定的压缩度。这种结构避免了为获得理想的密封件压缩以实现加热元件在孔中的有效密封所采用的精确工艺控制。
在加热元件和固定环之间可以设置中间隔离件。为实现有效的感应焊接，被连接的两个元件应当采用相同的材料。还有，最好使固定环不受加热元件所产生的热的影响，为此设置了中间隔离件。
在加热元件置于孔上之前，可以围绕加热元件的外周边设置位于主体和加热元件之间的密封件。
感应加热元件最好由安置在凹槽中的连续金属环构成，通过在感应加热元件附近产生出射频高变磁场而感生出感应热。采用连续的环能允许感应电流环绕着感应加热元件流动，从而减小了感应焊接工艺所需的频率，简化了设备并降低了所需的成本。所述频率大约为50KHz。
下面将结合附图通过实施例描述本发明，其中，
图1是采用本发明的方法将加热元件安装到塑料主体中所需的所有元件的分解图；
图2是图1各元件在装配状态下的截面视图；及
图3表示了本发明的电水壶。
图1是一个分解图，表示了采用本发明的方法将平面加热元件安装到塑料主体中所需的元件。基本上说，平面加热元件被夹在容器主体的一部分和固定环之间，通过固定环和所述部分的主体之间的感应焊缝来保持所需的夹持力。
图1描述了塑料主体的下部。主体2包括外壁，它确定出了一用以容纳待加热液体的容腔4。孔6设在主体2的底部，孔6的壁包括从主体2上向内凸出的凸棱8。主体2包括在凸棱8下方向下延伸的环形凸缘10，其内径大致等于加热组件12的外径。
在图1所示的实例中，加热组件12包括加热元件14和环绕着元件14外周的环形密封16。这样，在图1的实例中，环形密封16具有C形横截面，它确定出了用来接纳加热元件14外周边域的槽。凸棱18的下表面具有凹槽18，当加热组件12安装就位时，凹槽18与密封16的上表面接触。
密封16可采用多种形式，它也可以只设在加热元件14靠近孔6的那一面上。
通过将加热元件14固定在主体2的凸棱8和一个与主体2的凸缘10啮合的附加固定环20之间而使加热元件14固定就位。为此，固定环20具有一个与凸缘10配合的环形凹槽22，以便固定环20可滑动地接纳在凸缘10上。通过凸缘10和凹槽22之间的感应焊接使固定环20固定在主体2上。为此，在凸缘10和凹槽22之间提供了感应加热元件24。感应焊接操作将在下文中描述。
为了在主体2和固定环20之间形成感应焊接，这两个元件应当由相同的塑料制成，例如聚丙烯或类似的其它塑料。这些材料应当不受加热元件正常工作时所产生的温度的影响，因此，应当避免这些材料与加热元件直接接触。通过凸棱8内缘与加热元件14之间的间隙9，密封16提供了塑料主体2的凸棱8与加热元件14之间的热屏障。
为了防止加热元件14与固定环20直接接触，最好在固定环20和加热组件12之间设置附加的中间隔离件26。隔离件26包括凸缘28，它提供了加热元件14和固定环20之间的隔离层，隔离件26最好还包括定位部分30，在图1的实例中它被设置成带有螺孔的安装台。该安装台为加热装置的底座32提供了紧固点(如图2所示)。隔离件26可以由以尼龙为基底材料或其它热阻材料制成。
现在结合图2来描述将加热元件安装到塑料主体的方法，图2表示了采用本发明方法安装后的图1各元件的状况，图2还表示了由本发明方法安装的液体加热容器的底座32。
为了装配液体加热容器，由加热组件12覆盖住孔6，通过将加热组件12定位在凸缘10当中使之正中覆盖住孔6。然后将所选的隔离件26设置在加热元件14与凸棱8相反的另一侧。然后通过使固定环20的凹槽22定位于凸缘10上而使固定环20与容器体2啮合。固定环20可以在凸缘10上滑入夹紧加热元件14同时使密封16压缩的位置，密封16需要有预定的压缩程度，例如最低的压缩度，以保证加热元件在容器中充分地密封。这种压缩是通过对固定环20在凸缘10上的滑动量的控制来实现的。为此，围绕凸缘10的外表面设置一系列的挡块11。固定环20包括内缘20a和外缘20b(见图1)，外缘20b的顶部紧靠在挡块11以限制固定环20在凸缘10上的滑动。固定环20的内缘20a的顶部可设有一个扩大部分21，它提供了增大的表面，以此对加热组件12施以压力。
在本发明的方法中，在将固定环装到凸缘10上之前先将感应加热元件24设置在固定环20的凹槽22中。当将固定环20装到凸缘10上时，各元件的尺寸应使固定环20的外缘20b开始时不会到达挡块11。
为了进行感应焊接工作，需要一个射频发生器，它能向紧贴感应加热元件24的发生器线圈提供振荡电磁场。该初级线圈产生出射频磁场，其使得附近的金属元件中感应出涡旋电流。这些涡流能提高这些金属元件中的欧姆热(电阻热)。该热耗散提高了加热元件24的温度，因而使元件24附近的塑料软化。在感应焊接过程中，对固定环施加压力以使之在凸缘10上进一步滑动从而压缩密封件16。在凸缘10上推动固定环20，直到固定环20的外缘20b贴住挡块11。在这一位置，密封16具有预定或最低的压缩度，这是保证加热元件14在塑料主体2中有效密封所必需的。在感应焊接作业完成后，仍需要施加作用力来保持这一压缩，直到在加热元件24附近的焊接塑料元件已经冷却并且熔接到一起。
感应加热元件24最好包括一连续的线环，导线可以包括例如不锈钢丝或镍丝。使用连续的金属丝可保证感应出的涡流在线环中流动。所围绕线环的均匀的热耗散以及感应出的涡流保证了可以使用较低频率RF射频发生器，以及采用较低的功率。例如，发生器可在40KHz的频率及2.5KW的功率耗散下工作。感应焊接过程通常只持续大约三秒钟。
作为连续金属丝的替换形式，也可以使用浸渗有铁磁粉末的塑料粘接件。在这种情况下，初级线圈中的交变电流在铁磁粉末颗粒中能提高交变感应磁场。由交变磁场所导致产生的的磁滞损耗会提高热耗散。采用嵌入塑料件中的铁磁颗粒就需要使用较高频率RF射频发生器(例如4,000KHz)，以及需要较大的功率(例如5KW)。
图2还表示了底座32，它是用隔离件26的安装台中的螺孔30来固定的。如图所示，底座32具有连接凸缘33，它接入主体2的凹槽34中以防止底座32横向移动。使用与螺孔30相接合的螺杆36将底座32垂直固定。将底座32和主体2之间的连接可设计成能够提供装饰线38。
图3表示了电暖壶40，它包括了参照图1和2所述方法所安装的加热元件14。
暖壶14包括主体2和底座32，通过凸缘33嵌入到凹槽34使主体与底座连接到一起并提供装饰线38。底座32设有无绳连接器，它可以与电的底座连接器42相配合。在图3中，剖视的部分表示出按照本发明的方法将加热元件和底座固定到主体上。如图3所示，在暖壶的前部(即出水嘴的下方)设置了螺纹连接以将底座32连接于隔离件26，然而也可以在暖壶的后部提供替换的连接形式(例如螺纹连接位于暖壶40的把手下方)。
由于任何现有的加热元件都可以采用本发明的方法安装到容器上，这些加热元件具有基本上为平面的凸缘部分，其可通过本发明的方法被夹持，因而加热元件自身的各种可能设计形式将不再予以描述。同样，可以设计出用于图3暖壶的多种不同的控制电路，但因对于本领域的技术人员而言，这些电路是显而易见的，故在此不作描述。另外，尽管这里的安装方法是特别参照暖壶进行描述的，但显然该安装方法可以应用于各种其它的液体加热容器，例如煮饭锅，深底油炸锅，煮蛋器等。

Claims (13)

1、一种将平面型加热元件安装到塑料主体中以装配出液体加热容器的方法，该主体中设有一个用来接纳加热元件的孔，该方法的步骤包括：
用加热元件的一个表面覆盖住孔，并且将密封件置于加热元件和主体之间；
将固定环置于加热元件的另一表面上并且使它与塑料主体的一部分啮合，感应加热元件被置于主体和固定环之间；
使感应加热元件产生出感应热以将固定环感应焊接到主体上，同时施加作用力以使固定环与容器体产生相对运动，以便将加热元件夹持就位并且压缩密封件。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，主体具有围绕孔并且向下延伸的凸缘，固定环具有能够装配到凸缘上的凹槽，感应加热元件被安置在凸缘的一部分和凹槽的一部分之间。
3、如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，主体设有围绕凸缘外表面的一些挡块，在感应焊接中使固定环移动，直到固定环的一部分紧靠在挡块上，由此确立了密封件的预定压缩度。
4、如前述任一项权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，在加热元件和固定环之间设有中间隔离件。
5、如前述任一项权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，在将加热元件定位到孔上之前，围绕加热元件的外周设置一密封件。
6、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，感应加热元件包括设置在凹槽中的连续金属环，通过在感应加热元件附近产生出射频交变磁场而感生出感应热。
7、如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所产生的磁场的频率低于50KHz。
8、一种加热装置，包括塑料主体和平面型加热元件，它们共同构成了液体加热容器，加热元件被夹在主体的一部分和固定环之间，主体和固定环通过感应焊接相互固定到一起。
9、如权利要求8所述的加热装置，其特征在于，主体上设有一用来接纳加热元件的孔，主体具有一围绕该孔并向下延伸的凸缘，固定环具有一能够装配到凸缘上的凹槽，在凸缘的一部分和凹槽的一部分之间形成感应焊接。
10、如权利要求9所述的加热装置，其特征在于，在凸缘的所述部分和凹槽的所述部分之间设置一环形感应加热元件以形成所述的感应焊接。
11、如权利要求10所述的加热装置，其特征在于，感应加热元件包括设置在凹槽中的连续金属环。
12、如权利要求8-11中任一项所述的加热装置，其特征在于，密封件位于加热元件的周边和塑料主体之间。
13、如权利要求8-12中任一项所述的加热装置，其特征在于，加热装置包括暖壶。
CNB998005428A 1998-04-24 1999-02-22 加热装置以及加热元件的安装方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1178616C (zh)

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