CN1262245C - 外科用u形钉装定仪 - Google Patents

外科用u形钉装定仪 Download PDF

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CN1262245C
CN1262245C CNB008193312A CN00819331A CN1262245C CN 1262245 C CN1262245 C CN 1262245C CN B008193312 A CNB008193312 A CN B008193312A CN 00819331 A CN00819331 A CN 00819331A CN 1262245 C CN1262245 C CN 1262245C
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CN1450880A (zh
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L·西斯基
M·纽罗尔
F·比洛蒂
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B17/115Staplers for performing anastomosis in a single operation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B17/1114Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis of the digestive tract, e.g. bowels or oesophagus
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B17/115Staplers for performing anastomosis in a single operation
    • A61B17/1155Circular staplers comprising a plurality of staples
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
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    • A61B2017/07221Stapler heads curved

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Abstract

一种外科用U形钉装定仪,它具有一个带有本体和手柄的构架。在上述装定仪的末端部位装有一个U形钉固紧组件,该组件包含一个具有至少一排封闭排列的U形钉的夹头(5)和一个砧件(1),上述砧件(1)可相对于上述夹头(5)移动,并可与夹头(5)相配合而使从夹头(5)推出的U形钉的端部变形。在上述夹头(5)内装有一个带有封闭的切割刃的刀具(7),该刀具的设置可使至少一排封闭排列的U形钉位于其切割刃的外侧。上述的刀具(7)可向着砧件(1)移动。限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线具呈波形(6,2),该波形离开了垂直于U形钉固紧组件的纵轴线的平在,所以限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线的总长度比该廓线在上述平面上的投影长。这就使接合部位具有较大的柔性,并且在取出装定仪时张拉力较小,从而减小了发生临床并发症的可能性。

Description

外科用U形钉装定仪
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可用于将外科用U形钉或者说两脚钉固定到器管组织中(具体地说,用于进行吻合术)的外科用U形钉装定仪。
背景技术
在进行外科缝合包扎手术时,通常用一排封闭排列的U形钉将两片腔体组织或者管状组织(例如肠的组织)连接在一起。在用外科用U形钉装定仪进行吻合术时,将两片管状组织夹持在具有一排U形钉成形槽的砧件与具有多个设置在承接U形钉的按封闭排列或者说封闭阵列的U形钉承接槽的U形钉夹持器或者说夹头之间。推动一种U形钉推进件将U形钉推入器官组织中,并顶着上述砧件使U形钉变形。另外,再推动一个环形刀具切除夹持在砧件与U形钉夹头之间的多余组织,结果,从每片腔体组织切下一块环形段,并留在砧件轴上。然后使砧件相对于U形钉夹头移动(通常是推动砧件轴使砧件移离U形钉夹头),松开由封闭排列的U形钉连接的管状组织。然后从两块由封闭排列的U形钉连接的管状组织之间的开口拉出砧件而取出U形钉装定仪。
上述类型的外科用U形钉装定仪是众所熟知的。例如,美国专利No.5205459详细的描述过这种仪器。所公开的仪器的封闭型排列的U形钉的形状和惯例一样有平面的、环状的。美国专利No.5275322是说明环形U形钉装定仪的基本方案的文件。
虽然采用上述公知的外科用U形钉装定仪是十分有益的且很有利于进行吻合术,但是还存在一些问题。常常难以从手术部位退出装定仪,因为很难从封闭排列的稍有刚性的U形钉连接的开口移出砧件。而且,在手术之后,缝合部位发生临床性狭窄的情况也不少。
本发明的目的是提供一种进行吻合术的外科用U形钉装定仪,该仪器可在不张拉器官组织的情况下从缝合部位取出,因此可减少在伤口愈合过程中发生麻烦的临床并发症的可能性。
本发明提供一种外科用U形钉装定仪,它具有:
一个带有本体和手柄的构架;
一个装在上述U形钉装定仪末端部位的U形钉固紧组件,该组件包含一个具有至少一排封闭排列的U形钉的夹头和一个可相对于上述夹头移动并可与夹头相配合而使从夹头推出的U形钉的端部变形的砧件;
一个用于使砧件相对于夹头移动的移动机构;
一个用于将U形钉向上述砧件推出夹头之外的U形钉驱动器;
一个具有封闭切割刃并装在夹头内的刀具,该刃具安装成可使至少一排封闭排列的U形钉位于切割刃的外侧;和
一个用于使刀具向砧件移动的刀具致动器;
其特征在于,限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线呈波形,该波形离开了垂直于U形钉固紧组件的纵轴线的平面,所以上述的限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线的总长度比该廓线在上述平面上的投影长;和
上述的限定刀具切割刃的廓线呈波形,并且基本上平行于上述的限定封闭排列的U形钉廓线延伸。
本发明的外科用U形钉装定仪具有一个带有本体和手机柄的构架,并在仪器的末端部位装有一个U形钉固紧组件。该组件具有一个含有至少一排封闭排列的U形钉的夹头和一个砧件。该砧件可相对于上述夹头移动,并可与夹头相配合使从夹头推出的U形钉的端部变形。采用一种移动机构使砧件相对于夹头移动。采用U形钉驱动器将U形钉向着砧件推出夹头之外。在夹头内装有一个带有封闭切割刃的刀具,该刀具的安置可使至少一排封闭排列的U形钉位于上述切割刃的外侧。采用刀具致动器使刀具向着砧件移动。至此,上述的特征是现有技术公知的,例如美国专利No.5205459公开过这些特征。
按照本发明,限定U形钉封闭排列的廓线呈波形,该波形离开了垂直于U形钉固紧组件的纵轴线的平面(也就是不在该平面上),这样,上述的限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线的总长度大于该廓线在上述平面上的投影的长度。上述的投影最好是环形的。
上述的限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线的波形包含两个完整的波形(即两个波峰和两个波谷),但是,也可以不是两个。
因此,限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线的总长度大于现有技术的外科用U形钉装定仪中限定U形钉平面排列的廓线的总长度,在现有技术中,夹头具有大致相同的尺寸。因此,本发明技术的缝合缝线的长度大于采用普通的U形钉装定仪进行缝合的缝线长度。由于该长度增加,便可使缝合部位的直径增大而具有较大柔性,所以砧件可从由刀具切出的开口方便地取出,并且,在手术结束时,也可较方便地将外科用U形钉装定仪取出来。另外,所形成的较大的缝合空腔也将减少发生临床并发症的可能性。另一方面,只要限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线的总长度是以与由普通的U形钉装定仪所形成的该廓线的总长度相当,那么,本发明便可采用通常较容易置入管状器官并较容易从该器官取出的较小的仪器。
上述砧件最好具有与限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线的波形相匹配的波形U形钉成形面。
虽然可以采用具有环形切割刃的普通的(圆筒形的)基本形状的刀具,但是,在本发明的优选实施例中,形成刀具切割刃的廓线是波形的并且基本上平行于限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线延伸。在这种结构中,刀具只需移动短的距离便可切割夹持在夹头与砧件之间的组织。
在本发明的一个有利的方案中,采用U形钉驱动器将U形钉推出夹头之外,因此,每个U形钉基本上是沿局部地垂直于限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线的路线移动,这就意味着每个从夹头推出的U形钉实际上沿垂直于器官组织的局部区域的方向穿透组织,所以,各U形钉都沿较短距离穿过组织。另一个优点是,不存在由于倾斜推进U形钉而产生的力,也不可能发生由U形钉连接的两部分组织彼此相对移动的情况。但是,由于限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线是波形的,故U形钉通常必须以与垂直于U形钉固紧组件的纵轴线的平面成不同的角度被推进和变形。这就增加了U形钉驱动器的复杂性,并且,通常不能采用普通的U形钉装定仪中所用的简单的轴向驱动机构。
U形钉驱动器最好具有可基本上平行于U形钉固紧组件的纵轴线移动而推动位于限定封闭排列的U形钉的波形廓线的波峰和/或波谷处的U形钉的第一推进件。这意味着它基本上是一种简单的结构,但是它不能用来推动不是位于或不接近于上述波形廓线的波峰或波谷处的U形钉。
在一个有利的方案中,上述的U形钉驱动器还具有多个带有分别与一个中间件相接合的倾斜凸轮面的第二推进件,上述的中间件由一个槽导引,并用来推动由上述槽导引的U形钉,其特征在于,上述的U形钉驱动器可使第二推进件基本上平行于U形钉固紧组件的纵轴线移动以便通过上述中间件沿不平行于上述纵轴线的方向推动位于上述限定封闭排列的U形钉的波形廓线的波峰与波谷之间区域处的U形钉。上述的结构可以将第二推进件的轴向移动转变成上述U形钉所需的倾斜移动(这种转变可以例如沿U形钉装定仪的本体或者说轴容易实现)。另外,第二推进件的倾斜的或者说楔状的凸轮面具有力学上的优点,即操作者或者说外科医生只需用小的力推动上述U形钉(也就是“射出”这些U形钉)穿过器官组织。每个第二推进件最好具有两个倾斜凸轮面,并可沿不同方向朝着砧件推动两个U形钉。第二推进件的凸轮面的对称性的好处是,抵消退缩力和减小摩擦,这就使仪器具有更好的效果。
最好是,第一推进件排列成可推动第一排封闭排列的U形钉,而第二推进件排列成可推动第二排封闭排列的U形钉,上述的第一排U形钉和第二排U形钉是互相交错排列的。另外,U形钉驱动器可设置成可在不同时刻推动第一排封闭排列的U形钉和第二排封闭型排列的U形钉。与全部U形钉同时“发射”的普通U形钉装定仪相比,外科医生只需用较小的力来“发射”U形钉,因为第一排U形钉变形的最大载荷与第二排U形钉变形的最大载荷是错开出现的。
第一推进件和/或第二推进件可单独地设置,但它们也可以整体地组合在一个环套内。
砧件最好具有一个可容纳刀具的切割刃的适配件,该适配件最好与砧件和/或刀具的波形相匹配。这种在切割作业中对组织施加反作用力并被刀具切割的适配件通常在现有技术中是公知的,参见例如美国专利No.4289133。
在本发明的一个有利的实施例中,U形钉固紧组件可拆卸地安装在本体的末端部位。这就可以例如在外科手术过程中更换U形钉固紧组件,或者设计成一次性部件(而包括主要机械零件的构架是可消毒且可回收再用的)。另外,夹头可以包括一种装有U形钉的可拆卸的夹头,这样,例如就可在需要时用新的夹头替换空的夹头,或者将夹头设计成一种可回收再用的部件。砧件最好也是可拆卸的,这对于某些外科技术是重要的。为此,砧件可具有一个套在从夹头上伸出的支杆上的空心轴。上述支杆最好包括一种通常在某些外科技术中用于刺穿器官组织的心轴。上述特征在现有技术的外科用U形钉装定仪中通常是公知的。
总的说来,本文所用术语“U形钉”的意思是很普通的,它包括金属制的U形钉或者说两脚钉,但也包括合成材料制的外科用紧固件和类似的紧固件。合成材料制的紧固件通常具有一个支承在砧件上的适配件(夹持件),在这个意义上,术语“砧件”在广义上还包括(在两部分合成的紧固件的情况下)支承夹持件的砧件状工具和类似机构。
附图说明
下面通过实施例较详细地说明本发明,其附图如下:
图1是本发明的外科用U形钉装定仪的第一实施例的U形钉固紧组件的简单等角视图,其砧件已从夹头移出(打开状态);
图2是一种(环形的)肠缝形状的等角视图,其中A图是用普通的外科用U形钉装定仪做成的具有平面的U形钉排列廓线的肠缝形状,B图是用图1的外科用U形钉装定仪做成的具有波形的U形钉排列廓线的肠缝形状;
图3是图1的仪器的简图,其中,上述仪器已置入肠(直肠)内,且砧件合闭起来,图中示出了波形的肠缝;
图4是类似于图3的视图,示出了平面状态的肠缝,它具有在功能上较长的周长,图中示出砧件处于打开状态;
图5是本发明的外科用U形钉装定义的第二实施例的侧视图;
图6是图5的U形钉装定仪的末端部位的放大图;
图7是从图5的U形钉装定仪中的砧件的U形钉成形面看去的等角视图;
图8是图5的U形钉装定仪的环形刀具及其适配件的等角视图;
图9是图8的适配件的局部剖视图;
图10是图5的U形钉装定仪的U形钉驱动器的末端部位的侧视图;
图11是图10的U形钉驱动器的顶视图;
图12和图13是图5的U形钉装定仪的U形钉驱动机构的细节的近视图;
图14是本发明的外科用U形钉装定仪的又一个实施例的U形钉驱动器的端部的等角视图;和
图15是图14的U形钉驱动器的端部的侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1~4通过一个实施例说明本发明的外科用U形钉装定仪的基本概念和功能。图1示出该装定仪的末端部分。
如图1所示,砧件1(其横截面为圆形)的波形的U形钉成形面2与夹头5(其横截面也为圆形)的波形端面6可以互相配合。砧件1与夹头5之间的连接由一个牢牢固定在砧件1上的轴3与承接在夹头5中央的可升、降的支杆(包括一种心轴)4来确保。在上述夹头5内设置一个带有波形切割刃的切割器(刀具)7。在图1中,用短划线示出沿夹头5的波形端面分布的两排闭型排列的U形钉。
图1所示的U形钉装定仪的工作过程如下:在通常的方法中,将砧件1置入患者的肠(直肠)的口部端11内,并将夹头5置入患者的肠(直肠)的离口端12内(见图3),然后将支杆4与轴套3相连接,再使支杆4下降,使砧件1的波形的U形钉成形面与夹头5的波形端面6彼此相向移动。此后,使用置于夹头5内的U形钉(两脚钉),通过“起动”装定仪而完成一种波形肠缝。与此同时,使用横截面为环形的波形切割器7切去肠的不需要的部分。然后,使支杆4上升,打开装定仪,便可通过功能上可以张拉至较大周长的肠缝10(图4)方便地拉出砧件1。
图2简单示出由普通的圆形U形钉装定仪制成的平的肠缝8(见图2中的A部)和由图1所示的U形钉装定仪制成的波形肠缝9(见图2中的B部)。显然,如图4所示只有肠缝9可以形成较大直径的通道。这就有利于取出仪器,并减少产生缝长不足和肠缝狭窄的危险。
下面参看图5~13说明本发明的外科用U形钉装定仪的另一个实施例。
图5是整个外科用U形钉装定仪20的侧视图。U形钉装定仪20具有一个带有本体和手柄26的构架,上述本体包含轴22,在该轴22的末端安装一个U形钉固紧组件24。在本实施例中,如果需要的话,可将上述的U形钉固紧组件24从轴22上卸下,换上另一个组件。
在U形钉装定仪20旁边设置一个作动柄28。上述作动柄28可以向着手柄26绕旋轴转动,以便“起动”U形钉装定仪20,也就是使该装定仪内部机构中的U形钉驱动器和刀具致动器动作。可以转动旋钮29,使相当于图1中的支杆4的心轴沿轴向移动,以便打开或关闭U形钉固紧组件24,也就是使U形钉装定仪20的砧件1移动。
一般说来,本发明的U形钉装定仪20的总体设计和机械零件以及驱动机构与普通的环形U形钉装定仪是一样的,但是,正如下文所述,其U形钉装定线的三维形状和U形钉驱动器的一些细节则与其不同。
图6示出与轴22相连接的U形钉固紧组件24的放大视图。上述组件24具有一个夹头30和一个砧件32。上述夹头30包括一种内含两排闭型排列的U形钉的可拆卸的夹头。如图6所示,夹头30的端面34是波形的。因此,限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线(实际上是沿端面34的线)也是波形的,并且与普通的U形钉装定仪不同,它不处于垂直于U形钉固紧组件24的纵轴线的平面内。砧件32的U形钉成形面36也是波形的,并且与夹头30的端面34的波形相匹配,见图6。
图7是砧件32的从U形钉成形面36上看去的等角视图。上述的U形钉成形面36具有多个U形钉成形槽38,该成形槽38的结构是内侧为第一封闭排列的槽40和外侧为第二封闭排列的槽42。上述的U形钉成形槽38沿波形分布。它们也代表相应的U形钉在夹头30内的位置,上述这些U形钉也排列成内侧的第一排封闭排列的U形钉和外侧的第二排封闭排列的U形钉,各排U形钉是彼此交错地排列的。在本实施例中,上述的波形包含6个全波长,其波峰标号为44,波谷标号为46,见图7。上述术语“波峰”和“波谷”是相对于限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线而言的。
砧件32具有一个可与支杆4相连接的空心轴48,上述的支杆是沿夹头30的纵轴线延伸的心轴,这与图1所示实施例相类似。另外,有一个夹持机构49用来将空心轴48锁定在上述心轴上。
图8示出一种带有封闭的波形切割刃52的刀具50,该刀具50通过安装法兰54固定到刀具致动器上,因此,上述刀具50处于夹头30内的内封闭排列的U形钉的内侧。切割刃52的波形的波峰和波谷与夹头30的端面34上的波峰和波谷相对准。与普通的U形钉装定仪一样,当作动柄28动作时,刀具致动器便使刀具50向着砧件32移动。
砧件32含有一个适配件56,该适配件56在砧件32与夹头30相连接时与刀具50相对准,见图8和图7。上述的对应件56最好用塑料制成,它具有两个侧壁57和位于波形端面58上的薄壁59,见图9。在切割的最初时刻,薄壁59支承要由刀具50切割的器官组织,然后,切割刃再穿透薄壁59。
图10是U形钉装定仪20的U形钉驱动器60的末端部分的侧视图。当作动柄28动作时,U形钉驱动器60便沿图10的箭头所示方向移动。这就使U形钉穿透夹持在夹头30与砧件32之间的器官组织。与普通的U形钉驱动器不同的是,并非所有的U形钉都受到沿轴线方向也就是图10的箭头方向的驱动,因为需要使每个U形钉沿实质上是垂直于夹头30的端面34的局部表面移动。
在U形钉驱动器60中,有一个在轴22内被导引的致动轴62支承一个由肋65加强的基板64。如图10和11所示,从基板64伸出两排推进件,也就是一圈位于内侧的总共12个的第一推进件66,67和一圈位于外侧的总共6个的第二推进件68,上述第一推进件包括位于限定第一排封闭排列的U形钉的廓线的波峰位置上的长的推进件66和位于上述廓线的波谷位置上的短的推进件67。第二推进件68全都具有相同的形状,并包括一个倾斜凸轮表面70和倾斜凸轮表面71,见图10。每个第二推进件68位于一个第一推进件66的附近(见图11)。
图12示出说明一个第一推进件工作过程的放大剖视图,在该实施例中,第一推进件67用于驱动位于限定第一排封闭排列的U形钉的廓线的波谷位置上的U形钉72。该U形钉72具有两个指向位于砧件32的U形钉成形面36上的相应的U形钉成形槽38的尖端74。U形钉72由设置在夹头30内的窄槽76导引,当U形钉驱动器60沿远端方向也就是向着砧件推进时,第一推进件67向上移动,并驱动U形钉72穿过夹持在夹头30之端面34与砧件32之间的器官组织,直到U形钉72的自由端74被U形钉成形槽38打弯为止。
位于U形钉排列廓线的波峰处的第一推进件66也按上述同样的普通方式工作。由于第一排封闭排列的U形钉72位于U形钉排列廓线的波峰和波谷处,故可使第一推进件66、67沿轴向移动的普通驱动机构都达到所需的效果,也就是使U形钉沿垂直方向局部穿透组织。
图13示出第二推进件68的工作情况,该推进件68用于通过其倾斜凸轮面70推动第二排封闭排列中的U形钉80,与此同时通过其另一个倾斜凸轮面71推动第二排封闭排列中的另一种U形钉(见图10),但是在图13未示出倾斜凸轮面71同时进行的动作。
上述U形钉80位于U形钉排列廓线的波峰与波谷之间。为了获得局部垂直的驱动方向,U形钉80的尖端82必须沿非轴线方向向着设置在砧件32中的相应的U形钉成形槽38移动。为此,U形钉80由槽84导引(该槽84也导引平的中间件86),中间件86具有一个可沿倾斜凸轮面70滑动的底面88。当第二推进件68沿轴向移动时,倾斜凸轮面70便推动中间件86,后者又推动U形钉80。为了使第二推进件68的轴向移动转变为U形钉80的沿倾斜方向的移动,可使中间件的底面88沿倾斜凸轮面70滑动。
正如上面所述那样,第二种U形钉80由沿第二推进件68的另一个倾斜凸轮面71滑动的另一个中间件来推进。因此,U形钉80穿过器官组织时所产生的任何非轴向的力大都可互相补偿。倾斜凸轮面70、71的另一个优点是,它们的作用就像楔块一样,可减小外科医生操作U形钉装定仪时所施加的总的力。
在本实施例中,第一推进件66、67和第二推进件68的长度可以调节成使第一排封闭排列中的U形钉和第二排封闭排列中的U形钉在不同时刻穿过器官组织,这又进一步减小操作U形钉装定仪时所需的峰值载荷或者说最大的力。
图14和15示出U形钉驱动器的末端部分90的又一个实施例。在本实施例中,驱动轴92支承一个具有波形端部(波峰96、波谷97)的套环94,上述波峰96与波谷97之间的斜面区的作用类似于图10和11所示实施例的倾斜凸轮面70和71。
当使用外科手术U形钉装定仪时,将它的轴22和U形钉固紧组件24置入要进行吻合术的空心器官内。一般来说,将器官的一部分的端部放置在夹头30的端面34上,而将其另一部分的端部则放置在钻件32上,这样,就可使砧件的空心轴48伸出而将砧件32与夹头30连接起来(或者说用于使砧件32与夹头30相连接)。通过由旋钮29操纵的上述机构的移动,便使砧件32相对于夹头30移动,直至在砧件32与夹头30之间留下的间隙实际上由空心器官的两部分的组织充满为止。在外科用U形钉装定仪的一个优选实施例中,可以严格地调节上述间隙的尺寸。然后,由作动柄28开动U形钉驱动器60,以便向着砧件32将U形钉推出夹头30之外,使U形钉的尖端穿透砧件32与夹头30之间的组织,并借助砧件32使其尖端弯曲,从而使U形钉闭合起来。然后,刀具致动器使刀具50向着砧件32移动,从而使其切割刃52穿透上述组织。可将刀具致动器与U形钉驱动器相连接,这样,只要操纵作动柄28就可几乎同时地进行固定和切割器官组织的工作。有了两排互相交错地闭型排列的U形钉,便可保证空心器官的两部分可靠地连接起来。
在U形钉装定程序的最后,当夹头30与砧件32之间的间隙已增大而松驰夹持作用之后,便可取出外科用U形钉装定仪20。U形钉的闭型排列的形状使U形钉排列廓线的总长度较长,从而使接合处的组织可以屈服让步,砧件30也可容易地通过由刀具50的切割刃52切出的开口而取出。切去的组织部分则留在外科用U形钉装定仪20中。

Claims (15)

1.一种外科用U形钉装定仪,它具有:
一个带有本体(22)和手柄(26)的构架;
一个装在上述U形钉装定仪末端部位的U形钉固紧组件(1,5;24),该组件包含一个具有至少一排封闭排列的U形钉的夹头(5;30)和一个可相对于上述夹头(5;30)移动并可与夹头(5;30)相配合而使从夹头(5;30)推出的U形钉的端部变形的砧件(1;32);
一个用于使砧件(1;32)相对于夹头(5;30)移动的移动机构;
一个用于将U形钉向上述砧件(1;32)推出夹头(5;30)之外的U形钉驱动器(60;90);
一个具有封闭切割刃(52)并装在夹头(5;30)内的刀具(7;50),该刀具安装成可使至少一排封闭排列的U形钉位于切割刃(52)的外侧;和
一个用于使刀具(7;50)向砧件(1;32)移动的刀具致动器;
其特征在于,限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线呈波形(6;34),该波形离开了垂直于U形钉固紧组件(1,5;24)的纵轴线的平面,所以上述的限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线的总长度比该廓线在上述平面上的投影长;和
上述的限定刀具(7;50)切割刃(52)的廓线呈波形,并且基本上平行于上述的限定封闭排列的U形钉廓线延伸。
2.根据权利要求1的U形钉装定仪,其特征在于,上述的限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线在上述的垂直于U形钉固紧组件(1,5;24)的纵轴线的平面上的投影是环形的。
3.根据权利要求1或2的U形钉装定仪,其特征在于,上述的砧件(1;32)具有一个与上述的限定闭型排列的U形钉的廓线的波形(6;34)相匹配的波形U形钉成形面(2;36)。
4.根据权利要求1或2的U形钉装定仪,其特征在于,上述的U形钉驱动器(60;90)可将U形钉推出夹头(30)之外,所以每个U形钉基本上是沿一条局部垂直于上述的限定封闭排列的U形钉的廓线的路线移动的。
5.根据权利要求4的U形钉装定仪,其特征在于,上述的U形钉驱动器(60)具有可基本上平行于U形钉固紧组件(24)的纵轴线移动以便驱动位于限定封闭排列的U形钉的波形廓线的波峰和/或波谷处的U形钉(72)的第一推进件(66,67)。
6.根据权利要求5的U形钉装定仪,其特征在于,上述的U形钉驱动器(60)具有带倾斜凸轮面(70,71)的第二推进件(68),上述的倾斜凸轮面(70,71)分别与中间件(86)相接合,该中间件(86)由槽(84)导引,并可推动由槽(84)导引的U形钉(80),其中,上述U形钉驱动器(60)可使上述的第二推进件(68)基本平行于U形钉固紧组件(24)的纵轴线而移动,以便通过上述中间件(86)沿不平行于上述纵轴线的方向推动位于上述的限定封闭排列的U形钉的波形廓线的波峰与波谷之间的区域内的U形钉(80)。
7.根据权利要求6的U形钉装定仪,其特征在于,每个上述的第二推进件(68)具有两个倾斜凸轮面(70,71),并可沿不同方向对着砧件(32)推动两个U形钉(80)。
8.根据权利要求6或7的U形钉装定仪,其特征在于,上述的第一推进件(66,67)排列成可推动第一排封闭排列的U形钉,而上述第二推进件(68)排列成可推动第二排封闭排列的U形钉,上述的第一排和第二排的U形钉是彼此交错排列的。
9.根据权利要求8的U形钉装定仪,其特征在于,上述的U形钉驱动器(60)设置成可在不同时刻驱动第一排封闭排列的U形钉和第二排封闭排列的U形钉。
10.根据权利要求6的U形钉装定仪,其特征在于,上述的第一推进件和/或第二推进件是整体地组合在一个套环(94)内的。
11.根据权利要求1的U形钉装定仪,其特征在于,上述砧件(32)具有一个可接纳刀具(50)切割刃(52)的适配件(56)。
12.根据权利要求1的U形钉装定仪,其特征在于,上述的U形钉固紧组件(24)可拆卸地安装在上述本体(22)的末端部位。
13.根据权利要求1的U形钉装定仪,其特征在于,上述的砧件(1;32)是可拆卸的。
14.根据权利要求13的U形钉装定仪,其特征在于,上述的砧件(1;32)具有一个套在从夹头(5;30)伸出的支杆(4)上的轴(3;48),上述的支杆(4)包括一心轴。
15.根据权利要求1的U形钉装定仪,其特征在于,上述夹头(5;30)为装有U形钉的可拆卸的夹头。
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JP4393742B2 (ja) 2010-01-06
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