CN1261784A - 用于减少体臭和环境异味的无香料的两相组合物及方法 - Google Patents
用于减少体臭和环境异味的无香料的两相组合物及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1261784A CN1261784A CN98806857A CN98806857A CN1261784A CN 1261784 A CN1261784 A CN 1261784A CN 98806857 A CN98806857 A CN 98806857A CN 98806857 A CN98806857 A CN 98806857A CN 1261784 A CN1261784 A CN 1261784A
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- Prior art keywords
- cyclodextrin
- compositions
- abnormal flavour
- mixture
- skin
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可安全地用于人的皮肤的水性的异味吸除组合物,它包含溶解的水溶性的未配位环糊精;选自润肤剂、增湿剂、护肤剂和它们的混合物的油相;一种或多种表面活性剂,各表面活性剂具有约8—18的亲水/亲脂平衡值,各表面活性剂在加入到环糊精水溶液中后,所得到的表面活性剂/环糊精溶液的异味捕捉量不少于环糊精水溶液的25%;和水性载体。本发明还包含控制皮肤上的体臭和环境异味的方法,它包括在皮肤上施用这些组合物。
Description
发明背景
体臭通常是由皮肤上的脂肪酸和微生物源的臭味造成的。人体皮肤天然地带有许多微生物体,这些微生物是由各种皮肤分泌物(汗腺分泌的汗液,以及皮脂)、皮肤细胞碎片、皮肤和生物体本身脱落产物所滋养的。这些不愉快的体臭主要是具有不同结构和官能团(如胺、酸、醇、醛、酮、酚、多环化合物、吲哚、芳环化合物、多芳环化合物等)的有机分子造成的。这些有机分子还可以由含硫的官能团(如硫羟基、巯基、硫醚基和/或二硫醚基)构成的。
此外,在日常生活中接触一些气味难闻和/或会在人体和头发上留下难闻气味的物质几乎是不可避免的。例如鱼、洋葱、大蒜或其它食物,烹饪时的气味,烟味,烟草味和汽油只是日常生活中恶臭的常见环境来源中的一小部分。
人们进行了多种尝试,试图通过使用除臭剂组合物来遮盖异味。这些组合物通常依赖于浓郁的香味或香料来遮蔽异味。这些香料和芳香物经常不能完全遮盖体臭,而且它们还会对使用者造成刺激。香料或芳香物的气味本身可能对使用者的肌肤、呼吸系统和/或嗅觉系统,以及邻近的人造成刺激或不快。
人们还试图消除造成体臭的微生物赖以繁殖和生长的潮湿环境。这类努力包括使用爽身粉和/或止汗剂。爽身粉由于不易使用和会掉落在衣服上而不甚理想。当全身使用止汗剂时,它会通过收敛性盐的作用抑制汗液分泌而干扰人体体温的调节过程,因此也不适用于控制体臭的产品中。此外,这类盐对许多使用者可能造成刺激,尤其是用于例如骨盆区等敏感区域时。
其它除臭组合物旨在消除和/或控制与皮肤分泌有关的体臭,这些组合物已在化合物和化妆品文献中有所描述,它们包括乳胶剂或悬胶剂、气雾剂、滚搽剂(roll-ons)、垫剂、喷雾剂、甚至肥皂块。这些已知除臭剂试图通过各种方法来控制体臭。例如,1996年6月11日公布的属于Betts的美国专利5,525,331公开了抑制微生物在皮肤分泌物中生长的组合物。除臭剂还包括抗菌化合物,它们有助于消除和/或控制存在于皮肤上的微生物量,由此尽可能消除由皮肤分泌物的微生物代谢而产生的异味。
沸石(例如那些Union Carbide公司和UOP公司生产的Abscents的商品)是已知的异味吸附剂。然而,这些公知的固体异味吸附剂和已知的活性炭异味吸附剂在受潮后都会失效。因此,当被体液润湿或加入水性溶液中时,这些异味吸附剂因为丧失了其所需的异味吸附特性而不甚理想。而且,如果沸石在皮肤上沉积得太多,会造成“粗糙”感。
1996年7月9日公布的属于Pilosof等的美国专利5,534,165描述了用于控制织物(尤其是衣服)上的异味的水性异味吸除组合物。但是,这些组合物不能直接用于人的皮肤。
因此,仍需要一种改良的异味吸除组合物,它基本上不含刺激性成份(如香料或收敛性止汗剂),可安全有效地用于全身。更具体地说,需要一种使用方便的留存型组合物,它能够吸除用上述方式无法完全抑制的广谱体臭和环境异味。
业已发现,用下述方法能确稳妥地提高控制异味的效果:全身施用一种能留在皮肤上的组合物,该组合物将吸除异味的未配位的环糊精掺入两相溶液中。这些方法提供了一种具有最佳恶臭吸除特性的留存型混合物。此外还发现,上述优点可通过一种两相溶液来提供,该溶液还可任意地向使用者提供其它护肤作用(如保护和/或增湿)。而且还发现了除去和控制异味的方法。
以下对本发明的详细说明将进一步揭示本发明的上述及其它目的。除非另有说明,在说明书、实施例和权利要求书中,所有百分比、比例和份数都是按重量计算的。“g”在此表示克,“ml”表示毫升。
发明概要
本发明涉及一种可安全用于人肌肤的吸除异味的水性组合物,它包含溶解的水溶性非配位环糊精;选自润肤剂、增湿剂、护肤剂和它们的混合物的油相;一种或多种各具有约8-18的亲水/亲脂平衡值的表面活性剂,其中,各表面活性剂在与环糊精水溶液合用时,其异味捕捉量不少于环糊精水溶液的约25%;和水性载体。本发明还包括控制体臭和环境异味的方法,该方法包括将上述组合物施用于皮肤。
本发明的详细说明
本发明涉及一种无香料的吸除异味的水性组合物。本发明还涉及使用吸除异味的组合物来消除皮肤上的体臭和/或环境异味的方法。本发明的组合物可直接作为喷雾剂施用于皮肤,从瓶中倒出,用手施用或者通过湿的擦涂物施用。本发明还涉及通过将上述组合物掺入到柔性施涂装置中而制得的制品。
“环境恶臭”一词在此表示任何可能在人或哺乳动物上的异味,它不是来自人或哺乳动物体臭和/或体液。这些异味包括但不限于来自食物(如鱼、大蒜、洋葱、胡椒和香辛料;烹饪时的气味;烟味;烟草味;汽油味等。
“体液”一词包括汗液、皮脂、由透皮失水而积累起来的水分、阴道分泌物、尿液以及它们的混合物。“体臭”一词在此是指因人体自然机能而产生的异味。这类异味包括但不限于皮肤上的微生物(即,皮肤分泌物的细菌分解物)、尿液或阴道分泌物和它们的混合物产生的异味。“皮肤”一词在此是指人或哺乳动物的皮肤。“全身”一词是指人或哺乳动物的整个外表面。“阴道异味”一词特指从妇女骨盆区(特别是阴道或内裤区)散发出的体臭。
以下对本发明的必要成分和可选用成分作详细说明。环糊精
“环糊精”一词在此包括任何一种已知的环糊精,例如含有6至12个葡糖单元的未取代的环糊精,尤其是α-环糊精、β-环糊精、γ-环糊精和/或它们的衍生物和/或混合物。术语“未配位的环糊精”在此是指在处于溶液中时,本发明溶液中的环糊精内的空穴应保持基本未被填充的状态,以便在溶液被施用于表面时环糊精能吸附各种气味分子。“水溶性的未配位的环糊精”一词在此表示最小溶解度极限为1%(1g溶于100g水)的未配位的环糊精。
较好的是,本发明中所用的环糊精具有高度的水溶性,例如α-环糊精和/或其衍生物、γ-环糊精和/或其衍生物、衍生过的β-环糊精,和/或它们的混合物。环糊精衍生物主要由其中的一些OH基团被转化成OR基团的分子构成。高水溶性环糊精在室温下于100ml水中的水溶解度至少约为10g,较好的至少约为20g,更好的至少约为25g。较佳的高水溶性环糊精是羟丙基β-环糊精和甲基化β-环糊精。更佳的是β-环糊精、羟丙基α-环糊精、羟丙基β-环糊精、甲基化α-环糊精或甲基化β-环糊精。在室温下,非衍生过的β-环糊精的存在量可高达其约1.85%的溶解度极限。当将β-环糊精施用于擦涂物基材时,可使用高于其溶解度极限的量。
使用环糊精混合物也较好。这样的混合物通过与分子大小范围较宽的异味分子配位而更广泛地吸除体臭。较好的是β-环糊精和/或其衍生物与α-环糊精和/或其衍生物的混合物,或它们的混合物。环糊精的含量约为组合物重量的约0.1-5%,较好的约为0.2-4%,更好的约为0.3-3%,最好约为0.4-2%。
也可以使用浓缩组合物。使用浓缩产品时(即,所用的环糊精含量约为3-5%时),为了避免有皮肤发粘的感觉感和/或不合要求量的残余物,最好在用于皮肤前对组合物加以稀释。较好的是,将环糊精用重量为组合物的约50-2000%(更好的约为60-1000%,最好约为75-500%)的水稀释。
当溶解的环糊精被最先施用于皮肤上时,在水的存在下,环糊精与气味分子很快配位。此外,环糊精在皮肤表面干燥后,如果再被液体所润湿,它将再次获得加强的吸附能力。这就方便了使用者,因为在干燥的皮肤上,环糊精不会让其它环境异味填充其空穴,否则所述异味会使环糊精吸除体臭的效率下降。更具体地说,通过用体液使环糊精溶解,隔离的(isolated)空穴可与体臭分子形成包合配合物。因此,归根到底,溶解的未配位的环糊精的存在对有效且高效的异味控制性能是必不可少的。可用于本发明的环糊精和环糊精衍生物的更完整的描述可参见1996年7月9日公布的属于Pilosof等的美国专利No.5,534,165(该专利的全部内容在此纳为参考)中。油相
本发明还包括油相。所述油相选自护肤剂、润肤剂和/或增湿剂。优选饱和油或氢化油。这些成分改善了本发明的皮肤感觉特性和/或护肤效益。此外,油相为疏水性抗菌剂(若有的话)提供了可溶解的介质。
护肤剂成分可防止或缓解在皮肤与皮肤接触部位可能出现的灼热、皮肤刺激和/或皮肤摩擦。可用于本发明的较佳护肤剂包括但不限于维生素A、鳕鱼肝油、可可脂、鲨鱼肝油、二甲基硅油、凡士林、白凡士林、矿物油、合合巴油和羊毛脂。更优选二甲基硅油、凡士林、白凡士林、矿物油、合合巴油和羊毛脂。最优选二甲基硅油。
增湿剂有助于增加皮肤的水分,它可以含于本发明的油载体中。较佳增湿剂包括但不限于植物油和矿物油。更佳者为氢化或饱和植物油或矿物油。其它增湿剂可选自Cosmetic Bench Ref.1994,pp.46-48(该文在此纳为参考)中所述的油性增湿剂。
使皮肤软化和光滑的润肤剂也可用于本发明。可用于本发明的润肤剂包括维生素E或维生素E乙酸酯、甘油三酯、植物油或矿物油。其它润肤剂可参见Cosmetic Bench Ref.1994,pp.27-31(该文在此纳为参考)中所述的油性润肤剂。
油相或油载体以“有效量”存在,该有效量能够发挥各具体成分所需的对皮肤的效果。通常,油相含量约占组合物重量约0.1-26%,最好约为0.2-6%。表面活性剂
在本发明中,必须使用表面活性剂。表面活性剂可形成水包油乳液是本领域已知的。较好的是,使用表面活性剂的组合来提高稳定性。
适用于此处的表面活性剂是那些不会与环糊精明显地相互作用从而可使环糊精的吸除异味能力最优化的表面活性剂。不希望有严重的相互作用,因为这样可能会降低环糊精与产生异味的化合物配位的能力和表面活性剂将油相与水性掺和的能力。
这些表面活性剂将环糊精的异味吸附特性和表面活性剂的掺和能力都最优化。将这些表面活性剂加入到环糊精水溶液中后,所得到的表面活性剂/环糊精溶液的异味吸附性能与不含表面活性剂的同样的环糊精溶液类似。而不合要求的是那些加入到环糊精水溶液中后,所得到的表面活性剂/环糊精溶液的异味吸附性能与纯水类似的表面活性剂。
表面活性剂可用以下步骤鉴定。第一步,在平衡室中,将纸膜密封于试验池中并用试样混合液湿润;或者,为了建立水对照和环糊精对照的目的,将膜用水或环糊精水溶液湿润。试样混合液由环糊精水溶液与表面活性剂或表面活性剂的组合的混合物构成。第二步,将产生异味的激发(challenge)化合物注入平衡室中,让其在纸膜上平衡。所选的产生异味的激发化合物应是那些未配位的环糊精可将其吸附的物质,如异戊酸。第三步,经过一段时间后,使平衡室内的试验池周围的空气通过一根Drager管而脱出,管内出现变色。(Drager管可从威斯康星州Danesville的Lab Safety公司购得)。沿Drager管向上的色移距离与Drager管内残留的(亦即未配位的)异味物质的浓度对应。将此整个过程进行重复,取平均值。也可使用其他类似方法,如顶空气相色谱分析法。
然后将由各试样混合物得到的结果与水对照和环糊精对照的结果进行比较。此次用到的“异味捕捉量”一词,意指与激发化合物配位的环糊精的量。因此,异味捕捉量大,则残余的激发化合物量就很少。使用表面活性剂而得到的表面活性剂/环糊精溶液的异味捕捉量应大于水对照。使用较佳的表面活性剂而得到的表面活性剂/环糊精溶液的异味捕捉量至少是环糊精对照的约25%,较好的是至少约50%,更好的是至少约75%。最佳表面活性剂可使异味捕捉量达到与环糊精对照物相同的水平。
此外,所选表面活性剂的亲水-亲脂平衡(“HLB”)最好约为8-18以形成水包油型乳液。HLB一词是本领域已知的,例如,可参见1954年5月4日公布的属于Jackson等的美国专利No.2,677,700,该专利在此纳为参考。由于下述许多表面活性剂的独特性,它们的亲脂性状与烃类的亲脂性不同。因此,HLB值可能不与环氧乙烷/烃表面活性剂的HLB值确切相关。大体上,此处所用的较佳表面活性剂包括环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物和聚亚烷基氧化物聚硅氧烷。最佳的是至少一种环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物和一种聚亚烷基氧化物聚硅氧烷的混合物。
与大多数环糊精相容的嵌段聚氧亚乙基-聚氧亚丙基聚合物包括那些以作为起始活泼氢化合物的乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷和乙二胺为基的聚合物。由带有单一的活泼氢原子的起始化合物(如C12-18脂族醇)经连续乙氧化和丙氧化而成的聚合物一般不与环糊精相容。商品名为Pluronic R和Tetronic的嵌段聚合物表面活性剂化合物可从BASF-Wyandotte公司购得。
典型的环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物表面活性剂包括:
Pluronic R表面活性剂:H(EO)n(PO)m(EO)nH;
逆向Pluronic R表面活性剂:H(PO)n(EO)m(PO)nH;
Tetronic表面活性剂:和/或逆向Tetronic表面活性剂:其中,EO是环氧乙烷基团,PO是环氧丙烷基团,n和m是表示表面活性剂中的基团平均数的数值。混合物中的聚氧亚丙基的平均分子量在约900-25,000之间,氧亚乙基占氧亚乙基/氧亚丙基混合物的约10-90重量%。可用于本发明的HLB约为8-18的表面活性剂的非限定性例子包括:Pluronic R表面活性剂L10、L43、L44、L63、L64、L65、P75、P84、P85、P103、P104、P105、P123和它们的混合物;逆向Pluronic R表面活性剂10R5、17R4、17R8、22R4、25R4、25R5、25R8和它们的混合物;Tetronic表面活性剂304、504、704、707、904、1104、1304、1504和它们的混合物;逆向Tetronic表面活性剂50R4、50R8、70R4、90R8、110R7、150R8和它们的混合物;以及上述表面活性剂的混合物。
上述表面活性剂及它们的制备方法的更详细的例子在1954年4月6日公布的属于Lundsted等的美国专利No.2,674,619;1962年5月22日公布的属于Jackson等的美国专利No.3,036,118;和1961年4月11日公布的属于Lundsted等的美国专利No.2,979,528(这些专利的所有内容在此纳为参考)中有叙述。
聚亚烷基氧化物聚硅氧烷由下列通式定义:式中,a+b约为1-50,较好的约为3-30,更好的约为10-25,R1主要是一个或多个具有下列通式的无规或嵌段聚(环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷)共聚物基团:
-(CH2)nO(C2H4O)c(C3H6O)dR2式中,n是3或4,最好是3;(所有聚亚烷基氧基侧基的)总c约为1-100,最好约为6-100;总d为0至约14,较好的为0至约3;更好的是,d是0;c+d约为5-150,最好约为9-100,各R2相同或不同,选自氢、1-4个碳原子的烷基、乙酰基,最好是氢和甲基。适合本发明的这些化合物的例子包括:SilwetL-7600、L-7602、L-7604、L-7605、L-7657和它们的混合物;这些化合物均可从纽约州Endicott的Osi Specialties公司购得。
氧亚烷基(R1)的分子量小于或等于10000。较好的是,氧亚烷基的分子量小于或等于约8000,最好在约300-5000之间。因此,c和d的值可以是那些能使上述分子量在这些范围内的数值。然而,聚氧亚烷基(R1)中的氧亚乙基单元(-C2H4O)数目必须足以使聚亚烷基氧化物聚硅氧烷可分散于或溶于水。不言而喻,当c是正数时,氧亚乙基和氧亚丙基单元(-C3H6O)可无规地分布于整个聚硅氧烷链中或者分布于氧亚乙基和氧亚丙基单元的各嵌段中或者是无规和嵌段分布的组合。这些化合物可根据美国专利No.3,299,112(该专利在此纳为参考)中所述的方法制备。
表面活性剂在本发明中的总用量约为组合物重量的约0.05-15%,更好的约为0.1-12%。如果使用疏水性抗微生物剂,就必须使用更多的表面活性剂,一般约为组合物重量的0.5-10%。水性载体
可用于本发明的环糊精必须溶解和分散在水性载体中。水性载体提供了一种清洁而又方便地将环糊精施用于所需皮肤部位的手段。水性载体还可通过洗去细菌得以生长的皮肤细胞碎片和皮肤分泌物以及细菌本身而产生一定程度的清洁效果。
“水性载体”一词在此是指水和/或适合用作溶剂的水溶性物质。可使用各种水,例如蒸馏水、去离子水或自来水。水不仅起着环糊精载体的作用,而且在施用组合物时,它还有助于环糊精分子与皮肤部位上的各种异味分子之间的配位反应。本发明的水性载体通常占本发明组合物重量的约80-98%,较好的是约占85-95%。水溶性抗微生物剂
本发明组合物可视需要但最好含溶解的、温和的、水溶性抗微生物剂,这些抗微生物剂能有效地抑制和/或控制组合物中和/或皮肤上的微生物生长。如果本发明组合物被微生物所污染并任其生长,将导致组合物外观不佳或有异味。同样,微生物常可见于环糊精原料中,而且它们可在水溶液中生长。加入作为防腐剂的抗微生物剂有助于改善本发明组合物的储存稳定性。当为了防腐作用而添加时,加入有效量的水溶性抗微生物剂以在一定时期内避免组合物变质、或防止意外进入组合物的微生物生长。如果希望在皮肤上有抗微生物作用,则水溶性抗微生物剂的量必须能有效地产生上面所讨论的防腐作用和能杀灭和/或防止微生物在皮肤上生长。
可用于本发明的抗微生物剂包括杀生物剂和抑生物(biostatic)化合物(杀灭微生物和/或控制其生长的物质)。合适的水溶性抗微生物防腐剂的溶解度在0.3%以上。此外,合适的防腐剂在与皮肤接触时须没有强刺激性。较佳的抗微生物防腐剂是那些水溶性的且有效量较低的防腐剂,因为不溶于水的有机防腐剂会与环糊精分子配位并与气味分子竞争环糊精的空穴,从而降低环糊精控制异味活性的有效性。适用于本发明组合物的防腐剂在The Theory and Practice ofIndustrial Pharmacy,Lachman,Lieberman,Kanig著,第3版,pp.466-467和520-522(1986)和1996年7月9日公布的属于Pilosof等的美国专利5,534,165(这些文献均在此纳为参考)中有详尽的描述。
最好使用广谱防腐剂,例如对细菌(革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性)和真菌都有效的防腐剂。抗菌谱有限的防腐剂(例如只对一类微生物例如真菌有效)可以与广谱防腐剂合用,或与另一种活性互补和/或增补的抗菌谱有限的防腐剂合用。也可以使用广谱防腐剂的混合物。
较好的水溶性防腐剂包括:羟甲基甘氨酸钠(即Suttocide,新泽西州Chatham的Sutton Labs公司产品);环状有机氮化合物,包括咪唑烷二酮化合物(例如二羟甲基二甲基乙内酰脲,即GlydantPlus,新泽西州Fair Lawn的Lonza公司产品,二唑脲和咪唑烷脲)和多甲氧基二环噁唑烷;苯基和苯氧基化合物,包括苄醇、2-苯氧基乙醇和羟乙磺酸六脒;季铵化合物,包括聚六甲基二胍;低分子量醛,包括甲醛和戊二醛;卤代化合物,包括氯己定、氯丁醇和双溴丙脒;以及上述化合物的混合物。
防腐剂的较佳含量约为组合物重量的0.0001-0.6%,更好的约为0.0002-0.55%,最好约为0.0003-0.5%。疏水性抗微生物剂
视需要,本发明组合物可包含疏水性抗微生物化合物以帮助消灭和/或控制皮肤上的细菌的量,这有助于控制体臭。然而,疏水性抗微生物剂可与环糊精分子形成包合配合物并与气味分子竞争环糊精空穴,从而使环糊精的控制异味活性无效。为此,可视需要调节环糊精含量。可用于本发明的疏水性抗微生物剂包括三氯生、三氯卡班、桉叶油素、薄荷醇、水杨酸甲酯、麝香草酚和它们的混合物。优选三氯生和三氯卡班。在加入到本发明组合物中时,疏水性抗微生物剂的含量可占组合物重量的约0.1-1.5%,最好约为0.1-0.3%。pH
本发明水性组合物的pH应约为3-10,较好的是约为3.5-8,更好的约为3.5-6。一些常规缓冲剂是现有技术中已知的,它们可以视需要用来将pH调节至要求的水平。例如,可以使用以下盐和酸的组合:乳酸钠、柠檬酸钠、磷酸钾、乳酸、柠檬酸、磷酸、氢氧化钠和盐酸是有用的。这些成分在与环糊精配位时可能丧失部分效用,所以在配制时必须注意到这点。其它可选用的缓冲液可参见TheTheory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy,Lachman,Lieberman,Kanig著,第3版(该文在此纳为参考)。可任选的成分
视需要,本发明组合物还可含有低分子量多元醇。“低分子量多元醇”一词在此是指每个分子有一个以上醇官能团的线性有机化合物,其中,所述分子量低于95。沸点高于水的低分子量多元醇(如丙二醇和甘油)是优选成分,因为它们可改善本发明组合物的控制异味的性能。用能够产生适量的上述多元醇的方法制得的环糊精是特别理想的,因为它们无需去除多元醇即可使用。
最理想的是,低分子量多元醇的添加量必须能够有效帮助配合物的形成而又不明显降低环糊精吸附较大异味分子的能力。通常,加入到本发明组合物中的低分子量多元醇的量约为组合物重量的0.01-1%,较好的约为0.02-0.5%,更好的约为0.03-0.3%。
视需要,本发明组合物还可以含有异味控制辅助物质,例如锌盐、水溶性阳离子聚合物、水溶性阴离子聚合物、水溶性碳酸盐、水溶性碳酸氢盐、沸石和活性炭;螯合剂;色素;和/或止汗剂。
视需要,但最好是,本发明可含锌盐,以增加环糊精溶液的吸除异味和/或抗微生物的效力。锌化合物已被用来减轻异味,例如,如分别于1982年4月20日和1983年9月4日公布的属于N.B.Shah等的美国专利4,325,939和4,469,674(这二个专利的全部内容均在此纳为参考)中所揭示,用于口腔清洁产品。高度离子化的和水溶性的锌盐(如氯化锌)是锌离子的最佳来源。在本发明皮肤用组合物中,优选苯酚磺酸锌;虽然其它锌盐也可落入本发明的范围内。然而,必须注意选择锌盐的种类及其含量,因为有些锌盐可能对皮肤产生刺激,因此不适用于本发明。
这些锌盐有助于吸附低分子量的胺和含硫化合物。低分子量的胺和含硫化合物(如硫醚和硫醇)是诸如食物异味(大蒜、洋葱)、口臭、尿臭和特定的体臭/汗臭等多种异味的组成成分。在本发明组合物中加锌盐时,其含量通常约为组合物重量的0.1-10%,较好的约为0.2-8%,更好的约为0.3-5%。
有些水溶性聚合物(如水溶性阳离子聚合物和水溶性阴离子聚合物)可用于本发明组合物中以增强异味控制性能。水溶性阳离子聚合物(如含氨基官能团、酰胺基官能团和它们的混合官能团的聚合物)可用于本发明以控制某些酸型异味。水溶性阴离子混合物(如聚丙烯酸及其水溶性盐)可用于本发明以控制某些胺型异味。优选的聚丙烯酸及其碱金属盐的平均分子量低于约20,000,最好低于约5,000。含磺酸基、磷酸基、膦酸基和它们的水溶性盐以及它们的混合官能团的聚合物,还有含上述基团与羧酸和羧酸根基团的混合官能团的聚合物也适用。
既含阳离子官能团又含阴离子官能团的水溶性聚合物也适用。其实例可参见1990年3月20日公布的属于N.Kobayashi和A.Kawazoe的美国专利4,909,986(该专利的全部内容在此纳为参考)。即含阳离子官能团又含阴离子官能团的水溶性聚合物的另一实例是二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酸的共聚物,其商品名为Merquat280(Calgon公司产品)。虽然上述水溶性聚合物可用于本发明,但是在使用时必须注意确保没有丙烯酸残留,因为丙烯酸的存在可能会带来安全问题。
水溶性碱金属碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐(如碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钾、碳酸钠和它们的混合物)可加入到本发明组合物中以帮助控制某些酸型异味。优选的盐是一水合碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾和它们的混合物。在本发明组合物中加入上述盐时,其含量通常约为组合物重量的0.1-5%,较好的约为0.2-3%,更好的约为0.3-2%。此外,在本发明组合物中最好没有不相容的金属盐。因此,当使用这些盐时,组合物须基本上不含锌和其它不相容的金属离子(如Ca、Fe等),因为它们会形成不溶于水的盐。
视需要,可在本发明组合物中(最好在不加任何金属离子的条件下)加入氨基羧酸螯合剂(如乙二胺四乙酸,即EDTA)以提高水溶性抗微生物防腐剂的活性。在本发明组合物中加入螯合剂时,其含量通常为组合物重量的约0.001-0.3%,以约0.01-0.2%为佳。
还可在本发明中使用沸石。一组较佳的沸石被表征为“中级”硅酸盐/铝酸盐沸石,它们尤其适用于吸附胺型异味。“高级”沸石适用于控制含硫异味(如硫醚和硫醇)。关于沸石(“中级”的和“高级”的两者)的更全面的说明可参见1995年7月4日公布的属于Trinh等的美国专利5,429,628(该专利的全部内容在此纳为参考)。
适用于本发明的碳材料是商业实务中作为有机分子吸附剂和/或用于空气净化目的而公知的物质。这类碳材料往往被称为“活性”碳。市售的这类碳的商品名有:Calgon-CPG型;PCB型;SGL型;CAL型和OL型。
为了改善外观及其性能形象,可在异味吸除组合物中加入色素和染料。使用色素时,必须注意染料的选择,使其在所用的含量不会将皮肤着色。用于本发明组合物的较佳色素是高水溶性染料,例如酸性蓝3、酸性蓝104、酸性绿1、酸性绿25、酸性黄3、酸性黄73钠盐,5、6和8号D&C绿,7、8、10和11号D&C黄,2号D&C紫、1和2号FD&C蓝,3号FD&C绿,5和6号FD&C黄,和它们的混合物。
视需要,本发明的皮肤用组合物还可以含有已知的止汗剂和/或其它已知的先前未明显公开的除臭组合物。适用于水溶液的止汗剂的例子包括碱式四氯化甘氨酸铝-锆(aluminuim-zirconium tetrachlorohydrex glycine)、碱式五氯化铝-锆(aluminuim-zirconium pentachlorohydrate)、碱式倍半氯化铝(aluminuimsequichlorohydrate)或碱式氯化铝,以及它们的混合物。
组合物的制备方法
本发明的组合物可用本领域公知的水包油乳化技术进行制备。这些技术的实例可参见Remington’s Pharmaceutical Science,第18版,第304至306页,1990年(该文在此纳为参考)。本发明组合物也可用包含以下步骤的方法制备:将表面活性剂和油相混合成均匀的混合物,然后在混合的同时添加水相,直至混合物变得均匀,由此制得第一混合物。将环糊精加入水相中并混合,直至环糊精溶解,由此制得溶液。将上述溶液与第一混合物混合至均匀,由此制得第二混合物。根据需要,可添加水相来稀释第二混合物并混合至均匀。如果组合物中还含有疏水性抗微生物剂,制备混合物的第一步还包括往表面活性剂和油相中添加预混物并混合至均匀,其中,所述预混物的制备方法是,将疏水性抗微生物剂与表面活性剂混合至均匀。“均匀的”一词在此是指均匀分散的溶液。组合物的均匀性表现为基本上均匀、没有结块、外观一致。稳定的乳液可在一段给定时间内保持均匀,这取决于组合物的所需的保质期。
作为另一种通过将表面活性剂、油相、可任选的疏水性抗微生物剂和水相混合来制备混合物的方法,可以使用含有表面活性剂、油相和极小量的水性载体的浓缩乳液。可用于本发明的浓缩乳液可以是浓缩了约3至20倍的。然后可以先添加水性载体进行稀释,然后加入前面讨论过的其余成分。
上述制备本发明组合物的方法的其它变化应是本领域普通技术人员容易明白的。例如,可将全部成分一次性加入并混合。或者,先将部分成分预混合,然后再与其它成分或与其它预混合成分混合成组合物。
适合形成混合物和乳液的设备可选自本领域已知的那些。例如,合适的仪器包括双螺旋桨叶式混合器。也可以使用上述美国专利5,043,155中所述的叶轮式混合器及使用多个串联转子-转梳的内置式均化器。
所得乳液包含了足量的各成分,其在室温下(即20-25℃)的较佳粘度范围约为10-200厘泊,更好的约为15-150厘泊;最好约为20-100厘泊。
由于本发明组合物将直接用于皮肤和/或头发,各种施涂器可用于将组合物施用于全身,以最大程度地控制异味。例如,最好将组合物涂敷在纸产品(例如纸巾)上,后者然后接触皮肤而将组合物转移至皮肤上。
本领域熟知的各种擦涂结构物和/或其制造方法均可用于本发明。擦涂物有一个柔性施涂装置。“柔性施涂装置”一词在此包括纸张、布、无纺织物、薄膜、泡沫塑料、泡沫塑料片、海绵、辊、垫片、纸巾、棉球等。较好的擦涂物基材由多孔性材料(如无纺织物基材、泡沫塑料或海绵)构成,它们能将组合物保持在基材的空穴内。特别有用和经济的纤维素类无纺织物的例子在1980年3月4日公布的属于Trokhan的美国专利4,191,609中有叙述。有关有用的擦涂物及其制造方法的更详细的说明可参见1995年6月29日公开的属于Mitra等的国际专利申请WO95/17175。以上两篇文献在此纳为参考。
将擦涂物基材与本发明组合物结合的方法是本领域熟知的。常用的技术例如包括将擦涂物基材涂以、浸渍以、蘸以或喷以本发明组合物。添加到擦涂物基材上的本发明组合物的量需足以提供所需的异味控制和/或其它护肤性能。将本发明组合物与所选基材结合的方便的方法是将基材置于一开口的包装袋内,该包装袋将收容在内直至其被使用。将组合物倒在基材上,任其完全分散。最好将均匀的组合物分别倒在各个擦涂物上,而不是倒在一叠擦涂物上。然后将包装袋密封,擦涂物即可使用。
本发明组合物还可以液体的形式通过喷雾器或喷雾瓶加以使用。较好的是手动喷雾器,这可以避免使用可能对身体敏感区造成刺激的气雾剂。有关喷雾器的更详细说明可参见美国专利5,534,165(该专利的全部内容在此纳为参考)。
使用方法
本发明包含一种在皮肤上施用本发明的组合物来控制环境恶臭和减少皮肤体臭的方法。本发明还包含一种在盆骨区、外阴和/或内裤区施用本发明的组合物以减少阴道异味的方法。但是,本发明组合物不能置于阴道内或施用于阴户。本发明组合物的“有效量”在此是指其用量足以将异味吸除至不易被人的嗅觉察觉的程度。虽然所用本发明组合物的有效量和使用者每日使用次数的确定最终留给使用者自己去判断,但通常,用于除去体臭的有效量为每次0.05-0.50克,用于除去环境异味的有效量为每次0.05-3.0克,每日施用约1至15次,使用日数视使用者的需要而定。
本发明的组合物直接地局部施用于皮肤或头发。组合物的释放方法可以是:置组合物于施涂装置中,将有效量的组合物通过喷涂或擦涂而施用于所需皮肤表面(通常是全身)。所述施涂装置最好是包含柔性施涂装置的擦涂物或喷涂器。本发明组合物的配用还可通过使用预成型的施涂器(如辊、垫片、海绵、手巾纸、棉花球、手等)或者用手进行。
或者,使用者可将本发明组合物与他或她自己选定的擦涂物结合。为此,使用者只要选择一个擦涂物(如市售的纸巾、手巾纸、海绵、棉花、垫片、毛巾、等);将瓶子或其它合适的容器中的本发明组合物的溶液倒在选定的擦涂物上,施用于身体的所需区域。用这种方式,使用者可根据其拟定的用途和对异味控制的必要程度,按照自己的需求或多或少地使用本发明组合物。
下述非限定性实施例例举了本发明的制剂和使用方法。
实施例1、2和3
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3PluronicL-44 0.15 0.30PluronicL-43 0.20SilwetL-7657 0.30SilwetL-7605 0.15SilwetL-7600 0.20二甲基硅油 2.00 1.00 2.00三氯生 0.15羟丙基β-环糊精 1.00 5.00 2.00苯酚磺酸锌 1.01 1.01抗坏血酸 0.40 1.75 2.00GlydantPlus 0.30 0.30 0.30SuttocideA 0.25丙二醇 1.00 1.00 1.00水 余量 余量 余量
实施例4、5和6
实施例4 实施例5 实施例6成分 重量% 重量% 重量%PluronicL-44 0.15 0.30PluronicL-43 0.20SilwetL-7657 0.30SilwetL-7605 0.15SilwetL-7600 0.20二甲基硅油 3.0 2.0 2.0丙二醇 0.16 0.2柠檬酸 0.03 0.03 0.03磷酸二钠 0.02 0.02 0.02GlydantPlus 0.30 0.20SuttocideA 0.25 0.50EDTA四钠 0.10 0.10羟丙基β-环糊精 1.00 1.50 0.5苯酚磺酸锌 1.01 1.01三氯生 0.15蒸馏水 余量 余量 余量
或者,上述实施例中的羟丙基β-环糊精可被其它β-环糊精、α-环糊精、γ-环糊精或这些环糊精的混合物和/或它们的衍生物取代。同样地,上述实施例可包含其它疏水性抗微生物剂。
按如下方法制备实施例1-6的制剂:将三氯生与PluronicL和/或SilwetL总重量的约1/6混合,制得预混物(仅实施例3和6)。将占配方总重量的约1%的水与表面活性剂混合,制得第一混合物。在实施例3和6中,制备第一混合物还包括添加预混物并混合的最后步骤。用超声波仪,将二甲基硅油加入到第一混合物中,然后徐徐添加占配方总重量的约1-2%的水,制得第二混合物。将羟丙基β-环糊精与占配方总重量的约1.5-3%的水,制得预混物(a);将苯酚磺酸锌与占配方总重量的约2%的水混合,制得预混物(b);将抗坏血酸与占配方总重量的约2%的水混合,制得预混物(c);将GlydantPlus与丙二醇混合,制得预混物(d)。用匀化器,将剩余的水加入到第二混合物中,制得第三混合物。用匀化器将预混物(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)加入到第三混合物中。施用于皮肤之前的准备:
可将本发明溶液加载到擦涂物上、或倒入喷雾装置中,或者直接倒在皮肤或使用者为便于施用于皮肤和/或头发而选用的柔性施涂装置上。为制备擦涂物,将干的织物或擦涂物置于一个装成品的开口包装袋内。将组合物倒在织物上,任其充分分散。将包装袋密封保存,以待消费者使用。为制备喷雾剂,将组合物倒入所选的喷雾包装容器内。将包装容器密封保存,以待消费者使用。实施例7
一女性压迫性尿失禁患者发现,因此症引起的潮湿导致了阴部异味,希望消除并控制该异味。排尿后,该妇女用含有实施例1的组合物的擦拭物擦拭其外阴。组合物中的环糊精和锌盐与尿液中的体臭分子(如分别是多环类化合物和胺类)配位。该妇女发现,使用擦拭物后,体臭减轻了。实施例8
一乳房过大的妇女发现在运动时常感到乳房下部出汗和皮肤抹擦产生的灼热。在运动前后,她用一手持式触发型喷雾瓶喷涂了实施例2的组合物。她将该组合物喷涂于乳房下部,喷涂后,她发现体臭减轻而且更舒适了。实施例9
一男子对化妆品除臭剂、止汗剂、浓古龙香水严重过敏,不能使用此类产品。这使得他体臭严重,令其十分尴尬。他的医生建议他在淋浴后喷洒实施例3的温和的异味吸除组合物。该男子就在每天晨浴后全身喷洒该组合物,没有发生过敏反应。没有了令人尴尬的体臭,他感觉舒适。他带了一袋也含实施例3组合物的擦拭物以便于在需要时随时使用。实施例10
一男子正在烹饪鱼和辣酱,需要切大蒜、洋葱等各种辛辣物。他被告知手上和头发上有这些食物的味道,他想去除这些味道。他用含有实施例4的组合物的擦涂物擦手及头发。各擦涂物在其皮肤和头发上留下约0.05克的环境异味吸除组合物。使用后,他发现味道减轻了。实施例11
一妇女发现在工作间歇抽烟后,其手和脸上都有烟草味。她用手持式触发型喷雾瓶施用了实施例5的组合物。她将组合物喷在脸上和手上,组合物除去了使她非常不愉快的残留的烟味和烟草味。(她在皮肤上喷洒了约2.0克环境异味吸除组合物)。该妇女在使用上述喷洒液后回到其办公桌时,发觉烟味减轻而感觉更舒适了。实施例12
一男子在去参加一重要会议的途中停车加油。在加油过程中,汽油溅到了他的手上。他用纸巾擦手,但是汽油味仍留在手上。该男子从包中取出一个装有实施例6的组合物的小瓶。他打开瓶子,在手上倒了大约1克的环境异味吸除组合物。然后,他闻了闻手,发觉汽油味没有了。
Claims (10)
1.含下述成分的异味吸除组合物:
a.占组合物重量的0.1-5%的溶解的水溶性的未配位环糊精;
b.占组合物重量的0.1-36%的选自润肤剂、增湿剂和护肤剂的油相;
c.一种或多种表面活性剂,各表面活性剂具有8-18的亲水亲脂平衡,各
表面活性剂在加入到环糊精水溶液中后,所得到的表面活性剂/环糊精溶
液的异味捕捉量不少于环糊精水溶液的25%;
d.水性载体;
该组合物可安全地用于皮肤。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述表面活性剂选自聚氧亚乙基-聚氧亚丙基的嵌段共聚物、聚亚烷基氧化物聚硅氧烷及它们的混合物。
3.如前述权利要求2所述的组合物,其中,各表面活性剂在加入到环糊精水溶液中后,所得到的表面活性剂/环糊精溶液的异味捕捉量不少于环糊精水溶液的75%。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述组合物还包含一种或多种抗微生物剂,所述抗微生物剂选自疏水性抗微生物剂、水溶性抗微生物剂和它们的混合物。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述疏水性抗微生物剂选自三氯生、三氯卡班、桉叶油素、水杨酸甲酯、麝香草酚,疏水性抗微生物剂的含量占组合物重量的0.1-1.5%;水溶性抗微生物剂是羟甲基甘氨酸钠。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述组合物还包含一种或多种可任选成分,所述可任选成分选自低分子量聚合物、锌盐、沸石、活性炭、水溶性碳酸盐、水溶性碳酸氢盐和它们的混合物。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述环糊精选自β-环糊精、β-环糊精的衍生物、α-环糊精、α-环糊精的衍生物、γ-环糊精、甲基化环糊精、羟丙基β-环糊精、γ-环糊精的衍生物及它们的混合物。
8.预成型的擦涂组合物,它包含涂敷在柔性施涂装置上的前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物。
9.减少异味的方法,它包括将前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物施涂在皮肤上,其中,所述异味选自体臭、阴道异味、环境异味和它们的混合物。
10.制备异味吸除组合物的方法,它包括以下步骤:
a.将一种或多种表面活性剂、油相和水相混合,制得均匀的混合物;
b.将环糊精加入到由步骤a得到的混合物中并混合至环糊精溶解,得到均
匀的第二混合物。
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US08/871,860 US5858335A (en) | 1997-06-09 | 1997-06-09 | Method of reducing body odor using perfume-free two phase compositions |
US08/871,857 US5871719A (en) | 1997-06-09 | 1997-06-09 | Perfume-free two phase compositions for reducing body odor |
US08/871,854 US5928631A (en) | 1997-06-09 | 1997-06-09 | Methods for controlling environmental odors on the body using compositions comprising uncomplexed cyclodextrins |
US08/871,860 | 1997-06-09 | ||
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CN98806857A Pending CN1261784A (zh) | 1997-06-09 | 1998-06-08 | 用于减少体臭和环境异味的无香料的两相组合物及方法 |
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US (1) | US5928631A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0988026A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2001506275A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20010013611A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1261784A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU8061098A (zh) |
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CA (1) | CA2293633A1 (zh) |
CO (1) | CO4940386A1 (zh) |
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NO (1) | NO996054L (zh) |
PE (1) | PE100199A1 (zh) |
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-
1997
- 1997-06-09 US US08/871,854 patent/US5928631A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-06-08 CA CA002293633A patent/CA2293633A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-06-08 WO PCT/US1998/011787 patent/WO1998056339A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-06-08 JP JP50301499A patent/JP2001506275A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1998-06-08 CN CN98806857A patent/CN1261784A/zh active Pending
- 1998-06-08 ID IDW991558A patent/ID26590A/id unknown
- 1998-06-08 HU HU0003421A patent/HUP0003421A2/hu unknown
- 1998-06-08 EP EP98928923A patent/EP0988026A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-06-08 TR TR1999/03039T patent/TR199903039T2/xx unknown
- 1998-06-08 BR BR9810744-5A patent/BR9810744A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-06-08 KR KR19997011621A patent/KR20010013611A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-06-08 AU AU80610/98A patent/AU8061098A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-06-09 PE PE1998000484A patent/PE100199A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-06-09 CO CO98032880A patent/CO4940386A1/es unknown
-
1999
- 1999-12-08 NO NO996054A patent/NO996054L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107995860A (zh) * | 2015-06-25 | 2018-05-04 | 方济各安吉利克化学联合股份有限公司 | 包含α、β和γ环糊精的混合物的除臭组合物 |
Also Published As
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EP0988026A1 (en) | 2000-03-29 |
NO996054D0 (no) | 1999-12-08 |
CO4940386A1 (es) | 2000-07-24 |
BR9810744A (pt) | 2000-09-19 |
JP2001506275A (ja) | 2001-05-15 |
NO996054L (no) | 2000-02-04 |
WO1998056339A1 (en) | 1998-12-17 |
HUP0003421A2 (hu) | 2001-02-28 |
ID26590A (id) | 2001-01-18 |
AU8061098A (en) | 1998-12-30 |
TR199903039T2 (xx) | 2001-03-21 |
KR20010013611A (ko) | 2001-02-26 |
CA2293633A1 (en) | 1998-12-17 |
PE100199A1 (es) | 1999-12-01 |
US5928631A (en) | 1999-07-27 |
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