CN1259741A - 带沿面流动式化学通气过滤器的磁盘驱动器 - Google Patents
带沿面流动式化学通气过滤器的磁盘驱动器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
具有改进的既能滤除化学污染物也能滤除颗粒物的通气过滤器组件的数据记录磁盘驱动器。其外壳有内部通道和凹口,过滤器外壳的凹口中还设有挡板。该挡板防止空气通过化学过滤材料,而且使空气改向横过化学过滤板表面流动。空气不是借助于强迫引流进入化学过滤材料内,而是沿材料表面流动,从而不致大大增加过滤器组件的流阻。
Description
本发明总地涉及数据记录磁盘驱动器，具体讲，涉及一种带有防止化学污染物质和颗粒物质进入驱动器中的通气过滤器的磁记录磁盘驱动器。
磁盘驱动器，也叫做磁盘文件，是个信息存储装置。这种信息存储装置采用一个可转的磁盘、一个读/写头或转换器和一个执行机构。可转的磁盘有许多同心的数据磁道，磁道中含有各种信息。读/写头用以从不同磁道上读取数据，和/或往磁道上写数据。执行机构则与读/写头支架相连接，后者用以将磁头在读/写操作过程中移到所需的磁道上，并保持在该磁道位置上。读/写头可以是单元件感应式读/写头，也可以是双元件感应式写/磁阻读头。一般说来，有多个磁盘装设在由磁盘驱动器或主轴电动机带动转动的壳体上，以及多个与执行机构相连接的读/写头支架，用于访问磁盘的表面。由壁围起形成的壳体，包括一个底座和一个盖在内，支撑着磁盘驱动器电动机和读/写头执行机构，并将读/写头和磁盘包围起来，形成基本上密封的环境。壳体有一个通气孔，供调整磁盘驱动器内部与周围大气之间的压力差，并给壳体补充漏泄的空气提供所需要的规定气源。通气孔附近设有颗粒过滤器，以防颗粒物进入磁盘驱动器内。
传统的磁记录磁盘驱动器中的读/写头支架是个空气轴承滑动件，当磁盘以其工作转速旋转时悬在磁盘表面上方的空气轴承上。滑动件由将其与执行机构连接起来的吊架的偏置力保持在与磁盘表面毗邻的位置。磁盘表面有一层液体润滑膜，供最大限度地减小读/写头和磁盘因滑动件与磁盘在工作过程中无意中接触引起的损坏，并便于磁盘驱动器的滑动件在磁盘表面上静止时的启动。
与传统的空气轴承磁盘驱动器相反，有人提出了接触式或近接触式磁盘驱动器。这种磁盘驱动器在读和写的操作过程中保持读/写头支架始终或偶而与磁盘或其上的液膜接触。这些类型磁盘驱动器的实例，在IBM公司的美国专利5,202,803和已公布的欧洲专利申请EP367510、转让给Conner Peripherals公司的美国专利5,097,368以及转让给Censtor公司的美国专利5,041,932中都有描述。
磁记录磁盘驱动器对化学污染物非常敏感。高分子量有机蒸汽会吸附在磁盘和滑动件非常光滑的表面上，使液体润滑剂的性质发生变化。其它化学污染物，例如SO，也会引起磁盘和读/写头特别是磁阻阅读元件发生金相腐蚀。因此，许多磁盘驱动器除采用颗粒过滤器外，还在靠近通气孔处采用化学过滤器。
在通气孔附近设有过滤器的传统磁盘驱动器中，周围大气与磁盘驱动器内部之间的压力梯度迫使空气流过过滤器。这是我们所希望的，因为这样最大限度地提高了化学蒸汽与化学过滤物质的接触程度。通气孔一般设在磁盘驱动器中压力最低的位置，以确保所有空气通过附在通气孔上的通气过滤器进入磁盘驱动器内。但增设化学过滤媒体会增加组合的流过化学和粒子过滤器的流阻。这会导致污染物通过其它渗漏点或孔口进入磁盘驱动器。
我们需要的是一种在流阻尽可能低的最大限度地提高化学污染物排除能力的磁盘驱动器通气过滤器组件。
本发明是具有改进的通气过滤器组件、既能滤除化学污染物也能滤除粒子的一种磁盘驱动器。该过滤器组件包括具有一个内部通道和一个凹口的外壳，以支撑和包容化学和粒子过滤件，过滤器外壳中的通道为通气口和化学过滤材料的板之间提供流动通道。过滤器外壳毗邻化学过滤板不暴露在来自通道的空气的一侧的凹口中还设有挡板。这个挡板防止空气流过化学过滤物而流入，并使空气改向横贯化学过滤板表面流动。空气流过化学过滤板之后，改向通过颗粒过滤件，再流入磁盘驱动器壳体中。在本发明中，空气进入磁盘驱动器壳体中后通常不通过强迫引流进入化学过滤物内部，而是沿该物质的表面流动，从而使化学过滤器不象现有技术有通气过滤器组件那样大大降低跨在整个过滤器组件上的压降。横扫物质表面的气流使污染物扩散入吸气物中，为吸气物所捕获。
为更全面地理解本发明的本质和优点，应结合附图阅读下面的详细说明。
图1是本发明的磁记录磁盘驱动器的侧视图，以及磁盘驱动器壳体的剖面图。
图2是磁盘驱动器盖的一部分的所附的通气过滤器组件的剖视图。
图3是沿图2的3-3线截取的视图，示出了通气过滤器组件外壳中的空气通道。
图4的曲线说明了本发明的通气过滤器组件改进的化学污染物质捕获的情况。
参看图1，图中示出了本发明磁盘驱动器的示意剖视图。磁盘驱动器包括具有一个底座10和一个盖11的外壳。磁盘驱动器电动机12和执行机构14固定在底座10上。底座10和盖11基本上将磁盘驱动器封闭包裹起来。毂体18将磁记录盘16与磁盘驱动器电动机12连接起来，磁记录盘10即与毂体18附接以便由磁盘驱动器电动机12带动转动。盘16的表面上保持有一层粘度较高的润滑剂薄膜50。润滑剂可以是传统的全氟聚醚(PFPE)磁盘润滑剂，空气轴承滑动件20的拖尾端上形成有读/写或转换器42。转换器42可以是感应式读和写转换器或带用本技术领域周知的薄膜淀积法形成的磁阻(MR)读转换器的感性写转换器。滑动件20借助于固定臂22和悬臂24与执行机构14相连接，悬臂24提供将滑动件20推近记录盘16表面上的偏置力。在磁盘驱动器工作过程中，磁盘驱动器电动机12恒速带动盘16转动。执行机构14，一般是个线性或旋转音圈电动机(VCM)，通常驱动滑动件20使其在盘16的整个表面上运动，从而使读/写头可访问盘16上的不同数据磁道。
底座10与盖11之间设有密封垫13。小通气孔64位于盖11上，供调整磁盘驱动器内部与外部环境间的压力。磁盘驱动器壳体的其中一个体壁内，即图1中盖11内，装有过滤器组件60，并与通气孔64对齐。通气孔64和过滤器组件60设在磁盘驱动器的低压区，这样，空气就会通过过滤器组件而不通过密封垫13周围的其它孔口或渗漏点进入磁盘驱动器内。
图2示出了过滤器组件60的细节。组件60包括装在磁盘驱动器盖11的内表面上的筒形过滤器外壳62。该外壳62最好由诸如聚碳酸酯之类的塑性材料制成。外壳62的入口80与盖11上的通气孔64对齐。过滤器外壳62安置在盖11内形成的圆形定位环61中，借助于双面胶带65固定到盖11上，胶带65有一个孔与通气孔64及外壳入口80对齐。不然过滤器外壳62也可以安置在盖11内下凹或凸起的定位凸台内，借助于双面胶带65固定到盖11上。
过滤器外壳62的中心凹口66内装置有第一透气的开孔网状隔离层70、吸附性化学过滤板72、挡板74和第二透气开孔网状隔离层76。化学过滤板72由含活性碳(例如市面出售的Kynol活性碳布)的透气介质制成，能清除化学污染物，包括有机气体在内。开孔网状隔层是惰性材料制成的薄三维网，例如市面上出售的Delnet。挡板74可以由任何无孔材料制成，例如Mylar，这种材料能防止气体通过。粒子过滤器78位于外壳62端部并覆盖着凹口66，将内部元件固定在外壳62中。粒子过滤器78最好由经拉伸的聚四氟乙烯薄膜制成，例如市面出售的Tetratex(Donaldson-Tetratec公司出品)或充静电的无纺布，例如市面出售的Filtreet(3M公司出品)和Donaldson Electret(Donaldson公司出品)。
从图2中可以看到，过滤器外壳62有一个通道，供空气从通气孔64到化学过滤板72流通之用。该通道包括与通气孔64对齐的入口80、供限制外来污染物扩散流入过滤器的沟道81、垂直沟道82和出口沟道83。环形粘性圈85将沟道83覆盖住，出口端87例外(见图3)。出口末端87通常在垂直于化学过滤板72的方向上集中通过开孔网状隔离层70。图3中示出了过滤器外壳62沿图2的3-3线截取的剖视图，且可以更清楚地看到空气通路。入口80(隐蔽着的沟道81的一部分)引导空气使其通过由沟道81形成的弯曲扩散通路。沟道截止在与出口83连通的垂直沟道82处，元件82和83为扩散流体产生附加阻力。沟道83截止在出口末端87。
现在参看上面叙述过的图2和图3说明过滤器组件60的工作过程。当紧靠通气过滤器的磁盘驱动器壳体内的压力小于周围大气压力时，跨在通气过滤器组件两端就形成压力梯度，于是空气就被吸入通气孔64并进入过滤器外壳62的入口80中。如图2中的方向箭头所示，空气流过沟道81，向下流经垂直沟道82，并通过流经粘性圈85的出口孔87的出口沟道83。空气通过出口87在通常垂直于网状隔离层70和化学过滤板72的箭头方向上排出。由于挡板74毗邻化学过滤板72的表面71配置，因而空气不能通过化学过滤板72而改向横贯且通常平行于过滤板72的背面73流动。任何进入过滤板72内部的空气是通过扩散而不是通过强迫引流通入的。空气通过化学过滤板72的整个表面73之后进入凹口66的环形缝隙，然后回到整个网状隔离层76，再通过颗粒过滤器78流入磁盘驱动器内部。
在本发明中，空气进入磁盘驱动器壳体后通常不借助强迫引流进入化学过滤物内部，而是沿化学过滤物表面流动，因而化学过滤器不象现有技术通气过滤器组件中那样大幅度增加过滤器组件的流阻。气流通过过滤物表面时，污染物就可以扩散入吸附材料中，为吸附材料所捕获。
图4示出了本发明的优点，这是“出口”处污染物的浓度对“进口”处污染物的浓度在不同的过滤器组件进行加速化学试验过程中的比值曲线。图4中的水平“限幅”线是特定磁盘驱动器设计容许的最大污染物浓度。图4的曲线A是传统“流过”式过滤器的特性曲线，其中空气是借助于压力梯度被迫通过化学过滤物中的。图4的曲线B是本发明的“沿面流动”式的过滤器组件。显然，本发明的过滤器组件在整个试验过程中的“出口”处对“入口处”的化学浓度比要低得多，因而化学捕获性能更好。此外，本发明的过滤器组件在限幅线以下的化学过滤能力仍然充分，持续时间比传统过滤装置长50％左右。就是说，在加速试验过程中，本发明的过滤器组件需要1个半小时达到限幅线，而传统的“流过”式过滤器组件则需要1小时。在此加速试验中，1小时相当于大约2.5-5年的使用寿命。
虽然至此已详细说明了本发明的最佳实施例，但显然对本发明是可以进行修改和改进的。举例来说，上述过滤器组件可以有一个第二化学过滤板，同时将挡板安置在两个化学过滤板之间从而使空气横过通过各板的一个表面。但应该理解的是，这类修改和改进是脱离不开本发明所附权利要求书中所述的精神实质和范围的。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于基本上密封的且具有供调整压力的通气孔的壳体中的过滤器组件，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
一个接收待过滤空气的入口和一个将经过滤的空气排入壳体中的出口的过滤器组件外壳；
支撑在外壳中，供吸附化学污染物之用的化学过滤材料板，该板具有暴露在外壳入口中的第一表面；
支撑在外壳中，且保持与所述板的背面接触的挡板，供防止空气通过所述板，从而迫使空气横过所述板的所述第一表面流通；和
由外壳支撑着且位于靠近外壳出口处的颗粒过滤材料层，供空气通过所述板的所述第一表面之后过滤空气中的颗粒物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的过滤器组件，其特征在于，它还包括一层透气的隔离层，位于外壳内外壳入口与化学过滤材料板之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的过滤器组件，其特征在于，它还包括一层透气的隔离层，位于外壳内挡板与颗粒过滤材料层之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的过滤器组件，其特征在于，外壳入口包括一个通道，通道的入口与通气孔对齐，通道的出口位于中间位置，通常垂直于化学过滤材料板的所述第一表面取向，从而使空气通常垂直于所述板的所述第一表面通入，且通常由挡板使空气改向平行于所述板的所述第一表面且横过所述表面流动。
5.根据权利要求4所述的过滤器组件，其特征在于，在所述通道中形成扩散通路。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US168,541 | 1993-12-16 | ||
| US168541 | 1993-12-16 | ||
| US08/168,541 US5367417A (en) | 1993-12-16 | 1993-12-16 | Disk drive with flow-by chemical breather filter |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94119765A Division CN1053284C (zh) | 1993-12-16 | 1994-12-09 | 数据记录磁盘驱动器 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1259741A true CN1259741A (zh) | 2000-07-12 |
| CN1179361C CN1179361C (zh) | 2004-12-08 |
Family
ID=22611917
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94119765A Expired - Fee Related CN1053284C (zh) | 1993-12-16 | 1994-12-09 | 数据记录磁盘驱动器 |
| CNB991207084A Expired - Fee Related CN1179361C (zh) | 1993-12-16 | 1999-09-21 | 带沿面流动式化学通气过滤器的磁盘驱动器 |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94119765A Expired - Fee Related CN1053284C (zh) | 1993-12-16 | 1994-12-09 | 数据记录磁盘驱动器 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5367417A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0663664B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2539186B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR0155589B1 (zh) |
| CN (2) | CN1053284C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69420943T2 (zh) |
| HK (1) | HK1026976A1 (zh) |
| MY (2) | MY120097A (zh) |
| SG (1) | SG44441A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100372022C (zh) * | 2002-08-22 | 2008-02-27 | 明基电通股份有限公司 | 防爆片飞散的光驱 |
| CN1913035B (zh) * | 2005-08-09 | 2011-04-13 | 日立环球储存科技荷兰有限公司 | 磁盘驱动器 |
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| US5367417A (en) * | 1993-12-16 | 1994-11-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Disk drive with flow-by chemical breather filter |
| DE4407998C2 (de) * | 1994-03-10 | 1996-03-14 | Ibm | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung eines Musters auf einem Beleg |
| US5590001A (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 1996-12-31 | Fujitsu Limited | Breather filter unit for magnetic disk drive |
| US6088190A (en) * | 1994-11-08 | 2000-07-11 | Seagate Technology, Inc. | Disk drive including multi-stage environmental diffusion buffer |
| BR9608649A (pt) * | 1995-06-20 | 1999-09-14 | Donaldson Co Inc | Filtro e método de fabricação de um filtro |
| JPH10334642A (ja) * | 1997-05-30 | 1998-12-18 | Fujitsu Ltd | ディスク装置 |
| JPH10340510A (ja) * | 1997-06-06 | 1998-12-22 | Sony Corp | ディスク装置 |
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| US6214070B1 (en) | 1999-07-19 | 2001-04-10 | Maxtor Corporation | Disk drive filter |
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| US6475270B1 (en) * | 2000-05-22 | 2002-11-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Nested diffusional filter |
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| AU2001284988A1 (en) * | 2000-08-16 | 2002-02-25 | Donaldson Company Inc. | Filter construction for disk drives, and use |
| US6524361B1 (en) * | 2000-10-26 | 2003-02-25 | Hubbell Incorporated | Micro-porous filter |
| US6475269B1 (en) * | 2001-06-12 | 2002-11-05 | Maxtor Corporation | Disk drive recirculation filter assembly |
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| JP4733321B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-06 | 2011-07-27 | 日本ゴア株式会社 | ガス吸着フィルター |
| JP3966705B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-26 | 2007-08-29 | ジャパンゴアテックス株式会社 | ガス吸着フィルターの取り付け構造及びガス吸着フィルター付きハウジング |
| US6643093B2 (en) * | 2002-01-15 | 2003-11-04 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands, B.V. | Magnetic recording device with improved reliability |
| US7404836B2 (en) * | 2003-05-12 | 2008-07-29 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Focused flow filter |
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| WO2005041193A1 (en) * | 2003-09-24 | 2005-05-06 | Seagate Technology Llc | Breather filter cartridge for data storage devices |
| US7591868B2 (en) * | 2003-10-07 | 2009-09-22 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter for electronic enclosure |
| SG121815A1 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2006-05-26 | Seagate Technology Llc | Improved mounting configuration for a filtration canister |
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| US7166142B2 (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2007-01-23 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter constructions containing breather and recirculation filter elements |
| US7367997B1 (en) * | 2004-07-12 | 2008-05-06 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Electronic enclosure filter for very small spaces |
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| US7306659B2 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2007-12-11 | Gore Enterprise Holdings | Adsorbent breather filter |
| US8313546B2 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2012-11-20 | Cantwell Jay S | Fluid flow filter |
| US7318859B2 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2008-01-15 | Gore Enterprise Holdings | Modular adsorbent filters |
| US7505225B2 (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2009-03-17 | Seagate Technology Llc | Activated carbon fiber filter for a data storage system |
| US20070056444A1 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-03-15 | Garikipati Vijay K | Electronic Enclosure Filter Containing Fluted Media |
| US20070103811A1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-05-10 | Olszewski Jason R | Filtration arrangment for electronic enclosure |
| US7990650B2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2011-08-02 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, Netherlands B.V. | Reducing the obstruction of air flow through a bypass channel associated with a disk drive using an electrostatic pass-by filter |
| US20080013206A1 (en) * | 2006-07-14 | 2008-01-17 | Feliss Norbert A | Reducing the obstruction of air flow through a bypass channel associated with a disk drive |
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| US8033304B2 (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2011-10-11 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Contaminant control filter with fill port |
| US8328135B2 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2012-12-11 | General Electric Company | Breather apparatus on electromechanical actuators for aircraft landing gear systems |
| JP2010207663A (ja) | 2009-03-06 | 2010-09-24 | Japan Gore Tex Inc | 通気フィルター及びこれを用いた電気装置 |
| US8085488B2 (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2011-12-27 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V. | Predicting operational problems in a hard-disk drive (HDD) |
| US8134795B2 (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2012-03-13 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V. | Using an atmospheric pressure sensor in a hard-disk drive (HDD) |
| US8377182B2 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2013-02-19 | Brady Worldwide, Inc. | Gas anti diffusion assemblies |
| US8438721B1 (en) | 2010-06-09 | 2013-05-14 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Method to assemble disk drive |
| US8665555B1 (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2014-03-04 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive with added external labyrinth path during servo track writing |
| US8867164B2 (en) | 2011-08-17 | 2014-10-21 | HGST Netherlands B.V. | Magnetic storage device with humidity control device incorporating a differentially permeable membrane |
| US8885289B2 (en) | 2011-08-17 | 2014-11-11 | HGST Netherlands B.V. | Magnetic storage device with multi-functional component for controlling chemical and water vapor therein |
| US8861127B2 (en) | 2011-08-17 | 2014-10-14 | HGST Netherlands B.V. | Magnetic storage device with dynamic humidity control system to mitigate water vapor transients |
| WO2013147839A1 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | Intel Corporation | On-die all-digital delay measurement circuit |
| US9183889B1 (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2015-11-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive having a top cover channel vented to a central cavity via a hole through a bottom land |
| US9171583B1 (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2015-10-27 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive having a top cover channel vented to a central cavity via a peripheral clearance gap |
| US10115436B1 (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2018-10-30 | Seagate Technology Llc | Filter media and filter products for electronic enclosures |
| US10276216B2 (en) | 2017-09-14 | 2019-04-30 | Seagate Technology Llc | Data storage device filter |
| JP2022180054A (ja) * | 2021-05-24 | 2022-12-06 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁気記録再生装置、及びその製造方法 |
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| US5367417A (en) * | 1993-12-16 | 1994-11-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Disk drive with flow-by chemical breather filter |
-
1993
- 1993-12-16 US US08/168,541 patent/US5367417A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-10-14 US US08/324,279 patent/US5447695A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-22 DE DE69420943T patent/DE69420943T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-11-22 EP EP94308596A patent/EP0663664B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-22 SG SG1996000421A patent/SG44441A1/en unknown
- 1994-12-05 JP JP6300488A patent/JP2539186B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-12-09 MY MYPI94003291A patent/MY120097A/en unknown
- 1994-12-09 CN CN94119765A patent/CN1053284C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-12-09 KR KR1019940033437A patent/KR0155589B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-12-09 MY MYPI20020628A patent/MY123368A/en unknown
-
1999
- 1999-09-21 CN CNB991207084A patent/CN1179361C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-09-22 HK HK00106014A patent/HK1026976A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100372022C (zh) * | 2002-08-22 | 2008-02-27 | 明基电通股份有限公司 | 防爆片飞散的光驱 |
| CN1913035B (zh) * | 2005-08-09 | 2011-04-13 | 日立环球储存科技荷兰有限公司 | 磁盘驱动器 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH07211055A (ja) | 1995-08-11 |
| MY123368A (en) | 2006-05-31 |
| HK1026976A1 (en) | 2000-12-29 |
| MY120097A (en) | 2005-09-30 |
| JP2539186B2 (ja) | 1996-10-02 |
| US5367417A (en) | 1994-11-22 |
| DE69420943D1 (de) | 1999-11-04 |
| EP0663664B1 (en) | 1999-09-29 |
| EP0663664A1 (en) | 1995-07-19 |
| CN1053284C (zh) | 2000-06-07 |
| DE69420943T2 (de) | 2000-04-27 |
| US5447695A (en) | 1995-09-05 |
| CN1179361C (zh) | 2004-12-08 |
| SG44441A1 (en) | 1997-12-19 |
| CN1112713A (zh) | 1995-11-29 |
| KR950020407A (ko) | 1995-07-24 |
| KR0155589B1 (ko) | 1998-12-15 |
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