CN1259460C - 一种避免电镀沉积铜装置沉积的薄膜生成空穴的方法 - Google Patents
一种避免电镀沉积铜装置沉积的薄膜生成空穴的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 11
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/10—Agitating of electrolytes; Moving of racks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/001—Apparatus specially adapted for electrolytic coating of wafers, e.g. semiconductors or solar cells
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- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/04—Electroplating with moving electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
- H01L21/288—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a liquid, e.g. electrolytic deposition
- H01L21/2885—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a liquid, e.g. electrolytic deposition using an external electrical current, i.e. electro-deposition
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Abstract
本发明提供一种避免电镀沉积铜(Electro-Chemical Deposition Copper,ECD-Cu)装置沉积的薄膜生成空穴(cavity)的方法。该电镀装置包含有一电解槽,一阳极,设于该电解槽内,以及一旋转平台,用以放置一作为电镀沉积阴极的晶圆。本发明方法是于进行该电镀铜沉积制程时,控制该旋转平台以1秒至10秒的周期交替正、逆时针方向旋转,以避免于该电解槽内的电镀溶液形成稳定的漩涡,进而抑制漩涡中的气泡附着在晶圆表面而于电镀铜薄膜中形成许多空穴的现象。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电镀沉积铜(Electro-Chemical Deposition Copper,ECD-Cu)装置,尤指一种避免的电镀沉积铜装置沉积的薄膜生成空穴的方法。
背景技术
随着积体电路的积集度不断增加,金属连线的RC延迟(RC time delay)效应将可预期地会影响到元件操作效能。若欲改善此一状况可以采用电阻值较低的金属做为金属导线或是降低金属导线间的介电层的寄生电容。铜制程是一个解决RC延迟效应的可行方案。近两年,一些制程技术的改进,例如各种扩散阻障的研究发展,以及铜化学机械研磨技术的开发等等,使得早期铜制程所遭遇的问题,逐一被解决。制程整合问题的解决,加上铜本身具有低电阻值及高导热性等优点,因此在0.25μm世代以下的制程中,铜在积体电路制程中的应用将会越来越广泛。
目前,用以沉积铜膜的技术包括有物理气相沉积、化学气相沉积、无电镀法、及电镀法等。其中,由于铜电镀法具有成本便宜以及产出率快的优点,已被广泛应用在工业界中。在电镀过程中,镀膜表面的均匀性会受到镀液的成分、温度、电流密度、以及被镀物表面的洁净镀等因素的影响。例如,在镀铜的时候,含氰离子的镀液所镀的铜膜会比含硫酸根离子的镀液所镀的铜膜光滑。在高温及高电流密度下所得到的镀膜表面较为粗造,而镀液所含的污染物或是被镀物表面的污染物则均会导致镀膜容易脱落。因此在电镀时,为了增加表面均匀性会对以上的条件做控制。
此外,为了使被镀物表面的离子浓度维持定值,一般阴极多采用旋转电极,使镀液中的离子易于传至被镀物的表面。请参阅图1与2,图1与图2为习知的电镀装置示意图。首先,如图1所示,电镀主槽10,分为内外两层,其分别为电镀内槽12以及电镀外槽14,用以盛装电镀液。电镀液的主要成分为含有铜离子的溶液。参考电极(Reference electrode)16,阳极(Counter electrode)18,皆采用多孔铜网设计,可使场流方向一致。阴极(Work electrode)20,为一旋转电极,连接至欲电镀的晶圆22上。当此电镀系统被施予一外在电压或是电流时,由阳极、电镀液、阴极所组成的电路便会被导通,在阴极进行还原反应,而将铜原子沉积在晶圆上。
图2为阴极运动方向示意图。如图2所示,为了增进镀膜厚度的均匀性,一般在电镀时阴极都会旋转,以确保晶圆22能持续接触到新鲜的电解液。习知技术中,阴极采单一运动方向,也就是在电镀过程中朝同一方向旋转,这样很容易在溶液中形成一稳定的漩涡(vortex),并会有许多气泡生成夹杂在漩涡中不易去除。这些气泡会造成镀膜表面有空洞(cavity)产生,进而影响镀膜的品质。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的为提供一种避免电镀沉积铜装置沉积的薄膜生成空穴的方法,以改善镀膜品质。
本发明提供了:一种避免一电镀沉积铜(Electro-Chemical DepositionCopper,ECD-Cu)装置沉积的薄膜生成空穴(cavity)的方法,该电镀沉积铜装置包含有一电解槽用来盛装一电解液,一阳极设于该电解槽内,以及一旋转平台,用来置放一作为电镀沉积阴极的晶圆,该方法使该旋转平台于该电镀沉积铜制程进行时以约为1秒至10秒的周期交替正逆方向旋转。
该电解液为硫酸铜(copper sulfate,CuSo4)溶液。
该电解液的流量约为每分钟1公升(1pm)至每分钟15公升。
该电镀沉积装置使用一直流电(DC),电流约为1安培(A)至10安培,或使用一交流电(AC),电流约为-10安培(A)至10安培,频率约为5赫兹(Hz)至20赫兹。
该旋转平台的转速约每分钟50转(rpm)至每分钟150转。
由于本发明的放置晶圆的旋转平台以顺时针及逆时针方向交错运转,可改善习知技术中的单一方向旋转而造成稳定漩涡的缺点,进而改善漩涡中的气泡留置于晶圆表面而导致镀膜表面有许多空洞产生的问题,以达到提高镀膜品质的目的。
附图说明
图1为习知技术的电镀装置。
图2为习知技术的阴极运动方式示意图。
图3为本发明的电镀方式。
图4为本发明的阴极运动方式示意图。
符号说明
10 电解主槽 12 电解内槽 14 电解外槽
16 参考电极 18 阳极 20 阴极
22 电镀的晶圆 30 电解主槽 32 电解内槽
34 电解外槽 36 参考电极 38 阳极
40 阴极 42 电镀的晶圆
具体实施方式
本发明实施例中使用了一种用于半导体制程的电镀沉积(Electro-ChemicalDeposition,ECD)装置,该电镀装置包含有一电解槽,一阳极,设于该电解槽内,以及一旋转平台,用以放置一作为电镀沉积阴极的晶圆,且该旋转平台于该电镀沉积制程进行时以顺时针及逆时针方向交错运转。由于本发明的旋转平台以顺时针及逆时针方向交错运转,故可有效地降低溶液中稳定漩涡的形成,以改善漩涡中的气泡附着于晶圆表面,而不易排除的缺点,进而减少镀膜表面所产生的许多小洞,以提高镀膜品质。
图3与图4为本发明的示意图。请参考图3,图3为本发明实施例中的电镀装置,同样地,电解主槽30,分为内外两层,分别为电解内槽32以及电解外槽34,用以盛装电解液。电解液的主要成分为含有铜离子的溶液,现在工业上所使用的镀液内以分为含有氰离子及硫酸根离子等溶液。不过基于环保上的考量,目前工业界多使用硫酸铜溶液。此外,在镀液中还会加入一些添加剂,以增加镀膜表面平整度。在本发明的较佳实施例中,电解液为硫酸铜溶液,流量约为1公升每分钟(liter per minute,1pm)至15公升每分钟。
参考电极(Reference electrode)36以及阳极(Counter electrode)38,皆采多孔铜网设计,可使场流方向一致,阴极(Work electrode)40,为一旋转电极,连接至欲电镀的晶圆42上。当此电镀系统被施予一外在电压或是电流,由阳极、电解液、阴极所组成的电路便会被导通,而在阴极进行还原反应,而将铜原子沉积在晶圆上。在本发明所使用的为一直流电(DC),电流约为1安培(A)至10安培,或是一交流电(AC),电流约为-10安培(A)至10安培,频率约为5赫兹(Hz)至20赫兹。
图4为本发明的阴极运动方向示意图。如图4所示,为了增进镀膜厚度的均匀性,一般在电镀时阴极都会旋转,以确保晶圆22能持续接触到新鲜的电解液。在本发明中,阴极采顺时针与逆时针方向交错运转,其正逆旋转方向交替周期约为1秒至10秒,转速约每分钟50转(rpm)至每分钟150转。藉由这样的正逆方向交错运转,可以避免溶液中产生稳定的漩涡,以避面漩涡中的气泡留滞于镀膜表面,而在镀膜表面造成空洞。
相较于习知技术,本发明藉由改变阴极旋转电极的运动方向,来避免溶液中稳定漩涡的产生,以改善气泡留滞于镀膜表面的现象,而达到减少镀膜表面空洞产生的目的,以增加镀膜的平坦度。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明专利的涵盖范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种避免一电镀沉积铜装置沉积的薄膜生成空穴的方法,该电镀沉积铜装置包含有一电解槽用来盛装一电解液,一阳极设于该电解槽内,以及一旋转平台,用来置放一作为电镀沉积阴极的晶圆,该方法使该旋转平台于该电镀沉积铜制程进行时以1秒至10秒的周期交替正逆方向旋转。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,该电解液为硫酸铜溶液。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,该电解液的流量为每分钟1公升至每分钟15公升。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,该电镀沉积装置使用一直流电,电流为1安培至10安培,或使用一交流电,电流为-10安培至10安培,频率为5赫兹至20赫兹。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,该旋转平台的转速每分钟50转至每分钟150转。
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US10/249,007 US20040178058A1 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2003-03-10 | Electro-chemical deposition apparatus and method of preventing cavities in an ECD copper film |
US10/249,007 | 2003-03-10 |
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US20090243428A1 (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2009-10-01 | The University Of Akron | Nanoporous materials for use in the conversion of mechanical energy and/or thermal energy into electrical energy |
US7571075B2 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2009-08-04 | Plant Sense, Inc. | Computerized plant selection system |
US8580090B2 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2013-11-12 | Intermolecular, Inc. | Combinatorial electrochemical deposition |
CN101871110B (zh) * | 2009-04-24 | 2011-11-30 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | 电镀铜方法 |
CN105895904B (zh) * | 2014-08-13 | 2019-02-22 | 孚能科技(赣州)有限公司 | 制备和回收锂离子电池的正极活性材料的方法 |
CN114540929B (zh) * | 2020-11-26 | 2023-09-08 | 长鑫存储技术有限公司 | 电镀方法以及电镀装置 |
US11959186B2 (en) | 2020-11-26 | 2024-04-16 | Changxin Memory Technologies, Inc. | Electroplating method and electroplating apparatus |
CN112813482B (zh) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-11-02 | 泉芯集成电路制造(济南)有限公司 | 芯片电镀系统及芯片电镀控制方法 |
CN114959846A (zh) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-30 | 安徽工业大学 | 一种阴极件单元、电化学沉积涂层实验装置、实验方法及其制得的涂层 |
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CA1247547A (en) * | 1983-06-22 | 1988-12-28 | Paul Hadvary | Leucine derivatives |
US6004996A (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1999-12-21 | Hoffman-La Roche Inc. | Tetrahydrolipstatin containing compositions |
US6159354A (en) * | 1997-11-13 | 2000-12-12 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Electric potential shaping method for electroplating |
TW562878B (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2003-11-21 | Ebara Corp | Copper-plating liquid, plating method and plating apparatus |
US6858121B2 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2005-02-22 | Nutool, Inc. | Method and apparatus for filling low aspect ratio cavities with conductive material at high rate |
US6964792B1 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2005-11-15 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for controlling electrolyte flow for uniform plating |
US7211174B2 (en) * | 2001-01-17 | 2007-05-01 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Method and system to provide electrical contacts for electrotreating processes |
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2003
- 2003-03-10 US US10/249,007 patent/US20040178058A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2004
- 2004-02-27 CN CN200410006409.0A patent/CN1259460C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US20060199381A1 (en) | 2006-09-07 |
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