CN1242572C - 孤子光传输系统的色散管理系统 - Google Patents

孤子光传输系统的色散管理系统 Download PDF

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CN1242572C
CN1242572C CNB961985909A CN96198590A CN1242572C CN 1242572 C CN1242572 C CN 1242572C CN B961985909 A CNB961985909 A CN B961985909A CN 96198590 A CN96198590 A CN 96198590A CN 1242572 C CN1242572 C CN 1242572C
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dispersion
communication system
optical communication
light
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CN1202994A (zh
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N·J·多兰
N·J·史密斯
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BTG International Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
    • H04B10/2513—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion
    • H04B10/2525—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion using dispersion-compensating fibres
    • H04B10/25253—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion using dispersion-compensating fibres with dispersion management, i.e. using a combination of different kind of fibres in the transmission system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29371—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion
    • G02B6/29374—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion in an optical light guide
    • G02B6/29376—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion in an optical light guide coupling light guides for controlling wavelength dispersion, e.g. by concatenation of two light guides having different dispersion properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
    • H04B10/25077—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion using soliton propagation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/29392—Controlling dispersion
    • G02B6/29394—Compensating wavelength dispersion

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

本孤子或类孤子传输系统的色散管理系统包括一个长度(L)的光纤，该光纤由很多段(1)色散符号相反的光纤(N，A)联结在一起构成。与系统其余部分的传播间隔相比色散补偿状态的持续时间是短的，并且整个程均色散为反常值。

Description

孤子光传输系统的色散管理系统
技术领域
本发明涉及光通信，特别是涉及采用孤子或类孤子脉冲传递信息的光通信系统。
背景技术
近来已经报导过孤子在沿着整个光纤色散并不总是反常，而是周期性地用反符号(正常)色散光纤作色散补偿的系统中传输实验室演示的结果。如此在再循环的环路中以20Gb/s信号可传输达9000km以上，在直线传输实验中达8100km。这一结果大大地超过以前没有采用象滑动滤波器和同步调制器这些孤子控制技术所达到的传输距离。尽管在孤子系统中采用色散管理能得到很大的好处这点是显然的，到今日为止对这种改进的机理还几乎没有理论解释。
在设计采用放大的长跨度光通信系统时正确地选择色散值是一个重要的问题。就孤子形式的的数据而言，它是受在希望将定时抖动问题降至最小(意味着低色散)与为了顺利地检测需要每个位保持适当的能量之间的折衷方案所支配。因为在均匀光纤中形成孤子所需的能量是和色散值成正比，这一制约限制了许可的色散值的较低的极限值。色散管理是非归零(NRZ)码型数据的技术，其中将色散反号的光纤串联在一起。这样在任何点局域色散值高，但是程均色散值低。我们已经发现，对孤子或类孤子传输采用适当的色散管理方法，与具有相等的程均色散值的均匀光纤相比，可以显著地提高孤子的能量。
发明内容
按照本发明的一种用于传输稳定的或半稳定的光脉冲的光通信系统，包括多个串联的光部件，其特征在于该光部件包括至少一个非光纤的分离的色散补偿器，并交替地具有相反符号的色散，所述光通信系统的程均色散是反常值，并且光脉冲在一个光部件中的至少一点是高斯型的。
根据本发明提供的孤子或类孤子传输的色散管理系统，其中色散补偿状态持续时间短于在系统剩余部分传输所用的时间间隔。
优选地系统排除这样的安排：在其色散布局图中一根光纤的色散比与它互补的光纤的色散更接近于零。
附图说明
本发明将参照下列附图来详细介绍：
图1是色散补偿的布局图；
图2示出在色散补偿系统每个补偿单元起始处的光脉冲轮廓。色散布局图包含每100km光纤的色散值交替地为-3ps2/km和+2.8ps2/km；
图3示出在一个色散补偿周期内脉冲的演化；
图4示出注入半极大值全宽度(FWHM)为20ps的孤子到100km长度交替的光纤且保持程均色散为-0.1ps2/km的色散管理系统中所需的能量；以及
图5是按照本发明的一个方面的色散管理系统的轮廓图。
具体实施方式
我们的工作是基于使用图1所示的色散布局图对非线性薛定谔方程(NLS)进行数值积分的基础之上。图5给出一般的系统的安排，它包括由长度为L的光纤联结的发射机T和接收机R。光纤分成许多单元1，每个单元含有独立的具有正常色散的光纤段N和具有反常色散的光纤段A。在一个特定的实施方案中这些段是等长度的，既使色散补偿单元的起点和终点是选定在一种光纤的中点。在提到的特例中，每个光纤是100km长，程均色散是-0.1ps2/km。非线性系数取2.65rad/W/km。为了问题简化我们已经选择了忽略损耗和高阶色散。
我们已经证明了对于此色散布局图存在准稳态孤子或孤立波解。图2和3示出当色散值在-3.0ps2/km和+2.8ps2/km之间交替变化，和峰值功率为650μW、半极大值全宽度(FWHM)是20ps的高斯脉冲注射入光纤时所观察到的行为。图2示明在每个色散补偿单元起始处强度轮廓；可以看到在色散布局图的连续周期上在这些点的脉冲轮廓不变。单个色散补偿单元内的演变情况示于图3，当色散符号交换时脉冲交替地压缩和展宽。在补偿单元内功率谱基本上保持不变。
对于周期性的色散布局图为了得到稳定解必须满足三个制约条件。首先，为了使克尔效应诱导的光谱展宽能被补偿，程均色散必须是反常的。其次，色散补偿的循环周期必须短于系统的非线性长度。当光纤长1000km时，首选色散补偿长度是100km或更短一些。最后，在色散布局图中应该避免一个光纤的色散比另一个更接近于零，否则能量将迅速地从脉冲耦合出来成为耗散波。
在孤子通信系统上加色散管理所给予的优点是源出于这样的事实，与具有等程均色散的等效均匀系统相比注射入稳定的脉冲需要更多的能量。图4证明了这一点。该图画出了稳态孤子的能量与两段光纤的色散值差的函数关系。优选光纤色散差小于12.0ps2/km，理想情况小于4.0ps2/km。在最佳状态是等于或小于0.1ps2/km。两段光纤之间的色散差愈大形成一个稳定脉冲所需的能量也就愈多；我们也发现补偿单元周期的增长(一个给定的色散值对)所需的能量也增加。该所需能量增加的机理可以根据在补偿单元内脉冲强度轮廓(见图3)来理解。由于周期性地色散展宽和压缩，一般说来脉冲的峰值功率是低于最初的注入功率。因此与等效均匀光纤相比自相位调制(SPM)率下降，所以需要更多的能量来平衡程均色散。在频域，该过程可解释为四波混频效率的下降，SPM是其中的一个特例。
这些孤子波的另一个新颖特征是脉冲形状不再是一般光纤孤子的双曲正割。我们已经显示的脉冲轮廓例几乎确实为高斯型，然而这仅是对应该特定色散布局图的一个特例。当色散的变化增加时脉冲波形从均匀光纤双曲正割孤子(时间—带宽积0.32)变为高斯型(0.44)，然后变为具有更高的时间-带宽积的脉冲形状。在这一点可以有意义地与锁模光纤激光器的“展宽脉冲”结构联系在一起。它们结合了具有不同符号的色散的腔并产生高斯型脉冲。
如果在利用程均色散为零的结构的色散补偿光纤中进行孤子或类孤子传输时，在此情况下由于在再循环的回路中光纤的存在得到没有畸变的脉冲传播。该稳定脉冲是起因于SPM抵偿滤波的平衡，而不是SPM抵偿程均色散的平衡。
色散管理技术的应用前景对孤子传输系统的实现产生深远的影响。它提供良好的系统性能，以及具有仅仅需要无源器件的独特优点。尽管，在优选的实施方案中我们采用了等长度的两个不同光纤，另外的实施方案也可使用分离的由高色散材料制成的色散补偿器。采用色散管理代表了孤子和NRZ码传输所用技术间的一种会合。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于传输稳定的或半稳定的光脉冲的光通信系统，包括多个串联的光部件，其特征在于该光部件包括至少一个分离的色散补偿器，并交替地具有相反符号的色散，所述光通信系统的程均色散是反常值，并且光脉冲在一个光部件中的至少一点是高斯型的。
2.根据权利要求1的用于传输稳定的或半稳定的光脉冲的光通信系统，其特征在于光部件中的一个是一段长度的光纤。
3.根据权利要求1的用于传输稳定的或半稳定的光脉冲的光通信系统，其中光脉冲在光部件内的至少一点不是高斯型的，而是其时间-带宽积大于高斯型光脉冲的时间-带宽积。
4.根据权利要求1的用于传输稳定的或半稳定的光脉冲的光通信系统，其特征在于所述至少一个分离的色散补偿器由高色散材料构成。
5.根据权利要求1的用于传输稳定的或半稳定的光脉冲的光通信系统，其特征在于光部件的色散不同于程均色散。
6.根据权利要求1的用于传输稳定的或半稳定的光脉冲的光通信系统，其特征在于光部件具有相同的长度。
7.根据权利要求1的用于传输稳定的或半稳定的光脉冲的光通信系统，其特征在于光部件之间色散差小于12.0ps2/km。
8.根据权利要求1的用于传输稳定的或半稳定的光脉冲的光通信系统，其特征在于光部件之间色散差小于4.0ps2/km。
9.根据权利要求1的用于传输稳定的或半稳定的光脉冲的光通信系统，其特征在于光部件之间色散差小于0.1ps2/km。
CNB961985909A 1995-11-27 1996-11-27 孤子光传输系统的色散管理系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1242572C (zh)

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US20090087190A1 (en) 2009-04-02
GB9524203D0 (en) 1996-01-31
US6650452B1 (en) 2003-11-18
AU717319B2 (en) 2000-03-23
EP1507345A2 (en) 2005-02-16
CN1202994A (zh) 1998-12-23
CN1625085B (zh) 2010-12-08
AU7700996A (en) 1997-06-19
JP4459304B2 (ja) 2010-04-28
US20020076183A1 (en) 2002-06-20
EP1507345A3 (en) 2006-04-12
US7352970B2 (en) 2008-04-01
CN1625085A (zh) 2005-06-08
EP0864210A1 (en) 1998-09-16
WO1997020403A1 (en) 1997-06-05
ZA969955B (en) 1998-05-27

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