CN1236353A - 制备直链醛的方法 - Google Patents
制备直链醛的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1236353A CN1236353A CN97199540A CN97199540A CN1236353A CN 1236353 A CN1236353 A CN 1236353A CN 97199540 A CN97199540 A CN 97199540A CN 97199540 A CN97199540 A CN 97199540A CN 1236353 A CN1236353 A CN 1236353A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- group
- alkyl
- aryl
- ligand
- substituted
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- -1 aldehyde organic compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- KJALUUCEMMPKAC-ONEGZZNKSA-N methyl (e)-pent-3-enoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C\C=C\C KJALUUCEMMPKAC-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- CFEYBLWMNFZOPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylacetonitrile Natural products C=CCCC#N CFEYBLWMNFZOPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- UVKXJAUUKPDDNW-NSCUHMNNSA-N (e)-pent-3-enenitrile Chemical compound C\C=C\CC#N UVKXJAUUKPDDNW-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- UIUWNILCHFBLEQ-NSCUHMNNSA-N trans-pent-3-enoic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\CC(O)=O UIUWNILCHFBLEQ-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- PPTXVXKCQZKFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (S)-(-)-1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(C3=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=C3O)=C(O)C=CC2=C1 PPTXVXKCQZKFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004665 trialkylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005106 triarylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005129 aryl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(CC)CC ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004679 31P NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RYPKRALMXUUNKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Hexene Natural products CCCC=CC RYPKRALMXUUNKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- ROLXEZSIIQQWRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxohexanenitrile Chemical compound O=CCCCCC#N ROLXEZSIIQQWRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GGQQNYXPYWCUHG-RMTFUQJTSA-N (3e,6e)-deca-3,6-diene Chemical compound CCC\C=C\C\C=C\CC GGQQNYXPYWCUHG-RMTFUQJTSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WUCQRXWCJPCWTQ-NSCUHMNNSA-N (e)-pent-3-enal Chemical compound C\C=C\CC=O WUCQRXWCJPCWTQ-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UDSFAEKRVUSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl adipate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC UDSFAEKRVUSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SHCSFZHSNSGTOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl 4-pentenoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC=C SHCSFZHSNSGTOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- OEYYXYIGOCGWMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphane hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.FC(F)(F)C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC(PC=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=C1 OEYYXYIGOCGWMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229950010286 diolamine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-4-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC=C HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanal Chemical class CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- WUCQRXWCJPCWTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-3-pentenal Natural products CC=CCC=O WUCQRXWCJPCWTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 3
- XWJBRBSPAODJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7-octadiene Chemical compound C=CCCCCC=C XWJBRBSPAODJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTMHWPIWNRWQEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylcyclohexene Chemical compound CC1=CCCCC1 CTMHWPIWNRWQEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGLLSSPDPJPLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene Chemical compound CC(C)=C(C)C WGLLSSPDPJPLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMMZCWZIJXAGKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpent-2-ene Chemical compound CCC=C(C)C JMMZCWZIJXAGKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMHDGJOMLMDPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-2,2'-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1O IMHDGJOMLMDPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DFZQEHBNAJGDCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-chlorophosphane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC(P(Cl)C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=C1 DFZQEHBNAJGDCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentene Chemical compound C1CC=CC1 LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L diphosphonate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)OP([O-])=O XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FXHGMKSSBGDXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanal Chemical compound CCCCCCC=O FXHGMKSSBGDXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FDNFXHCDOASWAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 6-oxohexanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCC=O FDNFXHCDOASWAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-alpha-eicosene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- NHLUYCJZUXOUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonadec-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C NHLUYCJZUXOUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadec-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005538 phosphinite group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000008039 phosphoramides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000008300 phosphoramidites Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- YIYBQIKDCADOSF-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-pent-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C\C(O)=O YIYBQIKDCADOSF-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYXHVRARDIDEHS-QGTKBVGQSA-N (1z,5z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene Chemical compound C\1C\C=C/CC\C=C/1 VYXHVRARDIDEHS-QGTKBVGQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAFHKNAQFPVRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)C DAFHKNAQFPVRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HITROERJXNWVOI-SOFGYWHQSA-N (5e)-octa-1,5-diene Chemical compound CC\C=C\CCC=C HITROERJXNWVOI-SOFGYWHQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILPBINAXDRFYPL-HWKANZROSA-N (E)-2-octene Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C\C ILPBINAXDRFYPL-HWKANZROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCTDZYMMFQCTEO-FNORWQNLSA-N (E)-3-octene Chemical compound CCCC\C=C\CC YCTDZYMMFQCTEO-FNORWQNLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILPBINAXDRFYPL-HYXAFXHYSA-N (Z)-2-octene Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C ILPBINAXDRFYPL-HYXAFXHYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCTDZYMMFQCTEO-ALCCZGGFSA-N (Z)-3-octene Chemical compound CCCC\C=C/CC YCTDZYMMFQCTEO-ALCCZGGFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISBHMJZRKAFTGE-ONEGZZNKSA-N (e)-pent-2-enenitrile Chemical compound CC\C=C\C#N ISBHMJZRKAFTGE-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYWJIYWFPADQAN-LNTINUHCSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O IYWJIYWFPADQAN-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYPKRALMXUUNKS-HYXAFXHYSA-N (z)-hex-2-ene Chemical compound CCC\C=C/C RYPKRALMXUUNKS-HYXAFXHYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Hexadiene Natural products CC=CCC=C PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWXUNIMBRXGNEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC=C1Br RWXUNIMBRXGNEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940106006 1-eicosene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FIKTURVKRGQNQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-eicosene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC(O)=O FIKTURVKRGQNQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZSDQQJHSRVEGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(6-amino-1h-indol-3-yl)acetonitrile Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C(CC#N)=CNC2=C1 ZSDQQJHSRVEGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)=C MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910019603 Rh2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021604 Rhodium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019891 RuCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCSMJKASWLYICJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic aldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCC=O PCSMJKASWLYICJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000007860 aryl ester derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- GGRQQHADVSXBQN-FGSKAQBVSA-N carbon monoxide;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O GGRQQHADVSXBQN-FGSKAQBVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGLLYVYRZMJIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide;rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Rh].[Rh].[Rh].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-] LVGLLYVYRZMJIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQZFAUXPNWSLBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide;ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].[Ru].[Ru].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-] NQZFAUXPNWSLBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZQDPJFUHLCOCRG-WAYWQWQTSA-N cis-3-hexene Chemical compound CC\C=C/CC ZQDPJFUHLCOCRG-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ARJAWSKDSA-N cis-but-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C/C IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N cyclooctene Chemical compound C1CCC\C=C/CC1 URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000004989 dicarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-O diethylammonium Chemical compound CC[NH2+]CC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JGZHHQVDFMXLIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl 3-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)-3h-naphthalene-2,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C3=C4C=CC=CC4=CC(C3O)(C(=O)OC)C(=O)OC)=C(O)C=CC2=C1 JGZHHQVDFMXLIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N elaidic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMLQAWUDAFCGGS-HWKANZROSA-N ethyl (e)-pent-3-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C\C=C\C UMLQAWUDAFCGGS-HWKANZROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene Chemical compound C=CCCC=C PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940087305 limonene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001510 limonene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MBAHGFJTIVZLFB-SNAWJCMRSA-N methyl (e)-pent-2-enoate Chemical compound CC\C=C\C(=O)OC MBAHGFJTIVZLFB-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCOGIYZPQMECLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonylnaphthalen-1-yl)naphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=C(C=3O)C(=O)OC)=C(O)C(C(=O)OC)=CC2=C1 SCOGIYZPQMECLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N methyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073769 methyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004674 methylcarbonyl group Chemical group CC(=O)* 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- HNBDRPTVWVGKBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentanoic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCC(=O)OC HNBDRPTVWVGKBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N norbornadiene Chemical compound C1=CC2C=CC1C2 SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIINGNMKNRSOGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oct-7-enal Chemical compound C=CCCCCCC=O LIINGNMKNRSOGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229930015698 phenylpropene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006253 t-butylcarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(C(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- ZQDPJFUHLCOCRG-AATRIKPKSA-N trans-3-hexene Chemical compound CC\C=C\CC ZQDPJFUHLCOCRG-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-but-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C\C IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1845—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing phosphorus
- B01J31/185—Phosphites ((RO)3P), their isomeric phosphonates (R(RO)2P=O) and RO-substitution derivatives thereof
- B01J31/1855—Triamide derivatives thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1845—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing phosphorus
- B01J31/1875—Phosphinites (R2P(OR), their isomeric phosphine oxides (R3P=O) and RO-substitution derivatives thereof)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/49—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C45/50—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/333—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C67/343—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/46—Phosphinous acids [R2POH], [R2P(= O)H]: Thiophosphinous acids including[R2PSH]; [R2P(=S)H]; Aminophosphines [R2PNH2]; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07F9/572—Five-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07F9/572—Five-membered rings
- C07F9/5728—Five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or carbocyclic ring systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/645—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6503—Five-membered rings
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Abstract
本发明涉及在含有Ⅷ族金属和二齿有机配位体的催化剂体系存在下,羰基化烯烃不饱和有机化合物以制备直链醛的一种方法。该二齿有机配位体的特征在于,它具有两个三价磷原子,每个含有至少一个P-C或一个P-N键。
Description
本发明涉及一种制备直链醛的方法,包括在包含有Ⅷ族金属和二齿有机配位体的催化剂体系存在下羰基化烯烃不饱和有机化合物。二齿有机配位体的特征在于,它具有两个三价磷原子,而每个含有至少一个P-C或一个P-N键。
发明背景
通过羰基化一种烯烃化合物而合成醛在本技术领域中是已知的。这种方法的催化剂一般是含有有机配位体的磷的Ⅷ族过渡金属的可溶性配合物。也已知道对羰基化反应所选择的催化剂可影响产物醛(类)的速率和选择性,但是尚无方法从催化剂种类的结构来预测选择性和反应活性。
美国专利5,235,113公开了碳基化方法,其中有机的二齿亚磷酸酯配位体含有两个磷原子与连接于有机二羟基桥基团并与铑一起用作为均相碳基化催化剂。用这种催化剂体系,从烯烃不饱和有机化合物,例如1-辛烯或二聚丁二烯生成醛。
按照美国专利5,235,113,当使用带有单齿有机磷配位体的催化剂体系时,该方法的缺点是直链醛化合物的选择性一般太低,特别是对商业上有吸引力的方法当起始的有机化合物为内部的烯烃不饱和物时。
使用美国专利5,235,113一些公开的多齿亚磷酸酯,如四〔二-(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸基〕-季戊四醇,对直链醛达到了合理的选择性。然而,得到了选择性但却丧失了反应速率。但是既便是该公开的“高选择性的”配位体,这个所说的羰基催化剂的活性对欲成为一种商业上有吸引力的方法还是太低。在这种体系中,增加反应温度并非提供提高反应速率的选择,因为这些配位体在高温下是热不稳定的。此外,在高温下选择性降低,这是由于竟争的烯烃氢化反应的速率要比羰基化反应的速率随温度增加的更快。
在美国专利No.4,769,498;4,668,651;5,113,022;5,059,710;5,264,616;4,885,401;世界专利-A-9303839和世界专利-A-9518089描述的羰基化方法涉及含有两个三价磷原子的有机双齿配位体,其中两个磷原子是与2,2′-二羟基-1,1′-双萘桥基团相连的。
美国专利No.4,885,401公开了于该桥基团的3和3′位上带有甲基取代基的化合物。然而,并无建议称使用该类型配位体在生成直链醛中,当从内部不饱和有机化合物开始时能给出好的结果。
美国专利3,816,452和J.Amer.Chem.Soc.1995,117,7707中描述了制备含有N-键合的吡咯基的有机磷化合物。然,并无报导使用这些化合物作为烯烃羰基化作用的配位体。
WO96/16923报导了用各种基团作为多齿磷酰胺配位体的桥通过羰基化制备醛。
发明概述
其中Q为2,2′-二羟基-1,1′-联萘或2,2′-二羟基-1,1′-联苯桥基团和R3与R4为芳基或含有氮的杂环基,例如吡咯,吲哚或咪唑基,其通过氮原子键合到磷上。
发明的详细描述
本发明的配位体含有两个三价磷原子,其中每个三价磷原子键合到三个有机基团。这些配位体可被鉴定为次磷酸酯或磷酰胺化合物。
次膦酸酯(phosphinite)化合物的特征在于,三价磷原子是以一个P-O键和两个P-C键连接到有机基团的。
磷酰胺化合物的特征在于,三价磷原子是以至少一个P-N键和一个或两个P-O键连接到有机基团的(这些化合物也被称为氨基亚磷酰胺和氨基亚磷酸酯)。
此外,本发明的配位体为二齿配位体意味着,分子中的两个三价磷原子各自键合到相同的有机基团上使得三价磷原子一起成桥。
本发明的目的是提供带有高催化剂性能(选择性和/或活性)的制备直链醛的方法。本发明的方法达到了合成直链醛的高选择性和比较高催化剂活性的组合。
这种新方法的优点是当始于内部的不饱和有机化合物时甚至更加明显。从内部的不饱和化合物使用以前已知的羰基化方法制备直链醛一般导致对直链醛的较低选择性,对烯烃双键的增加的氢化作用和/或较低的催化活性。
本方法的另一个优点在于,直链选择性是高的。直链选择性,即“直链性”定义为从羰基化反应的直链醛对比于总的醛产物的摩尔比,如下面公式所示:
直链性=100×(直链醛/(直链醛+支链醛)):
直链醛和支链醛在下述化学反应中加以阐明:
直链醛 支链醛
本发明的选择性和反应性的组合是通过在Ⅷ族金属催化的羰基化方法中使用下式的配位体而达到的:配位体=
其中,Q为2,2′-二羟基-1,1′-联萘或2,2′-二羟基-1,1′-联苯桥基团。Q结构如下所示:或
R1和R2独立地选自氢,烷基,芳基,三芳基甲硅烷基,三烷基甲硅烷基,烷酯基,芳酯基,芳氧基,烷氧基,烷羰基,芳羰基,酰胺,或腈。优选的酰胺基为C(O)N(R5)(R7),其中R5,R7独立地为C1至C10烷基。
R1和R2优选为C2-C10烷基,例如乙基,丙基,异丙基,丁基,叔丁基,异丁基,戊基,或己基。适宜的三芳基甲硅烷基的例子为三苯基甲硅烷基,和适宜的三烷基甲硅烷基为三甲基甲硅烷基和三乙基甲硅烷基。优选的芳基含有6~20碳原子,例如苯基,苄基,甲苯基,萘基,蒽基或菲基。优选的芳氧基具有6~12碳原子,例如苯氧基。优选的烷氧基具有1~10碳原子,例如甲氧基,乙氧基,异丙氧基或叔-丁氧基。优选的烷羰基具有2~12碳原子,例如甲基羰基,叔丁基羰基。优选的烷羰基具有7~13碳原子,如苯羰基。
最优选的,R1和R2为烷酯基或芳酯基,-CO2R,其中R为C1-C20烷基或C6-C12芳基。适宜的R的例子为甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,正-丁基,叔-丁基,异丁基,苯基,甲苯基或萘基。
结构4中所示的2,2′-二羟基-1,1′-联萘和2,2′-二羟基-1,1′-联苯桥基团可被其他基团在萘环上所进一步任意取代。
R3和R4可以是相同的或不同的一价芳基,优选为具6~25碳原子的基团。R3和R4优选为一价芳基,例如苯基,在相对于磷原子的间-或对位上含有至少一个基团R6,而不是氢,其中R6为如J.March,〔高等有机化学,第2版,p.21,McGraw-Hill Book Co.〕所定义的吸电子基团。R6的例子为Cl,F,Br,CF3。R3和R4其他优选的基团为一价的带有2个或更多环的稠合芳香环系统。
当芳基R3和R4在相对于磷原子的间-或对-位上被至少一个R6基所取代时,在羰基化作用中使用这些配位体可观察到更高的催化剂活性和选择性。
对R3和R4其他的优选芳基类型为带2个或更多环的稠合的芳香环系统,例如1-萘基或7-菲基。
R3和R4可以是相同或不同的含氮杂环基,例如吡咯,吲哚或咪唑基,其中是通过氮原子与磷相连。
配位体1 配位体2
配位体5 配位体6
双齿次膦酸酯化合物(式Ⅰ-3,其中R3和R4为芳基)可以通过本技术领域中已知的各种方法加以制备。对称的二次膦酸酯可如下制备。将二芳基氯代膦加入至二醇和三乙胺的甲苯溶液中。反应混合物在室温下搅拌,然后过滤除去三乙胺盐酸盐。通过在减压下除去溶剂而分离产物并且可用结晶或层析加以纯化。
非对称二次膦酸酯可按相似的方式制备。将第一个二芳基氯代膦(优选立体阻碍更大的一个)加入至二醇和三乙胺的甲苯溶液。当反应完全时,加入第二个二芳基氯化膦。过滤去三乙胺盐酸盐并于减压除去溶剂而得产物。
含有P-N键合的吡咯基的二齿磷化合物可以在低温下通过将三氯化磷与两个当量的吡咯在三乙胺存在下制备而得CIP(R3)2(其中R3为N-键合到磷的吡咯)。将该中间体氯化磷化合物再与二醇和三乙胺进一步反应而得所要的二齿化合物。吲哚基和咪唑基配位体可按相似的方式制备。
本发明的方法中所用的催化剂体系可如下制备:混合适宜的Ⅷ族金属化合物与磷配位体,优选在适宜溶剂中,按照熟知的配合体形成的方法。溶剂一般为在羰基化中使用的溶剂。适宜的Ⅷ族金属化合物为这些金属的氢化物,卤化物,有机酸盐,乙酰丙酮化物,无机酸盐,氧化物,羰基化合物和胺化合物。适宜的Ⅷ族金属的例子为钌,铑,和铱。适宜的Ⅷ族金属化合物的例子为,例如Ru3(CO)12,R(NO3)3,RuCl3(Ph3P)3,Ru(acac)3,Ir4(CO)12,IrSO4,RhCl3,Rh(NO3)3,Rh(OAc)3,Rh2O3,Rh(acac)(CO)2,[Rh(OAC)(COD)]2,Rh4(CO)12,Rh6(CO)16,RhH(CO)(Ph3P)3,[Rh(OAC)(CO)2]2,和[RhCl(COD)]2(其中“acac”为乙酰丙酮基,“Ac”为乙酰基;“COD”为1.5-环辛二烯;而“Ph”为苯基),然而,应注意的是Ⅷ族金属化合物并不必须限制在上述所列的化合物。
Ⅷ族金属优选为铑。
烯烃不饱和有机化合物在分子中具有至少一个“C=C”键并且优选2~20碳原子。适宜的烯烃不饱和有机化合物的例子为直链末端烯烃,例如,乙烯,丙烯,1-丁烯,1-戊烯,1-己烯,1-辛烯,1-壬烯,1-葵烯,1-十四碳烯,1-十六碳烯,1-十八碳烯,1-十九碳烯和1-二十碳烯;支链末端烯烃,例如,异丁烯,2-甲基-1-丁烯;直链内部烯烃,例如,顺-和反-2-丁烯,顺-和反-2-己烯和顺-和反-3-己烯,顺-和反-2-辛烯和顺-和反-3-辛烯;支链内部烯烃,例如2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯,2-甲基-2-丁烯和2-甲基-2-戊烯;末端烯烃内部烯烃混合物;例如,由丁烯的二聚合制得的辛烯;从丁二烯的烯烃低聚物异构体,低级丁二烯烯烃包括丙烯,正-丁烯,异丁烯等的二聚物到四聚物;和环脂烯烃例如环戊烯,环己烯,1-甲基环己烯,环辛烯,和苎烯。本发明特别涉及羰基化方法,其中直链醛化合物的制备是从具有6至20碳原子如烷基戊烯酸酯的内部不饱和有机化合物开始的。
适宜的烯烃化合物的例子包括那些与不饱和烃基取代的那些,这包括含有芳香取代基的烯烃化合物如苯乙烯,α-甲基苯乙烯和烯丙基苯;和二烯化合物如1,3-丁二烯,1,5-己二烯,1,7-辛二烯和降冰片二烯。已发现按本发明的方法有可能从1,3-丁二烯制备高收率的3-戊烯醛。
烯烃不饱和有机化合物可以被含有杂原子,如氧、硫、氮或磷的一个或多个功能基所取代。这些杂原子取代的烯烃不饱和有机化合物包括乙烯基甲基醚,油酸甲酯,油醇,2-戊烯酸甲酯,3-戊烯酸甲酯,4-戊烯酸甲酯,3-戊烯酸,4-戊烯酸,3-戊烯腈,4-戊烯腈,1.7-辛二烯,7-辛烯-1-醛,丙烯腈,丙烯酸酯,丙烯酸甲酯,异丁烯酸酯,异丁烯酸甲酯,丙烯醛和其他取代的烯烃不饱和化合物。
特别类型的内部不饱和有机化合物为3-戊烯腈,3-戊烯酸和3-戊烯酸C1-C6烷基酯化合物。从这些化合物用该方法制备的直链醛化合物的优点是可用于制备ε-己内酰胺或己二酸,它们各为尼龙-6和尼龙-66的前体。3-戊烯酸C1-C6烷基的例子为甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,叔-丁基,戊基,和环己基3-戊烯酸酯,3-戊烯酸甲基和乙基酯是优选的,因为它们更易得到。
3-戊烯腈,3-戊烯酸和3-戊烯酸C1-C6烷基酯可以存在于混合物中并分别含有-:2-和4-戊烯腈;2-和4-戊烯酸;和2-和4-戊烯酸C1-C6烷基酯化合物。因为这些化合物像它们的相应3-异构体以相似的方式反应成所要的直链醛,按照本发明的方法中可以直接使用异构体的混合物。
本发明的羰基化方法可以如下述进行。
本发明的羰基化方法的反应条件一般与常规的方法所用的相同,如美国专利4,769,498中的实例中所述的,并将取决于具体的起始的烯烃不饱和有机化合物。例如,温度可以从室温到200℃,优选从50到150℃,而更优选从90-110℃,压力可从常压到20MPa变化,优选从0.15~10MPa,而更优选从0.2~5MPa。压力一般是相等于氢和一氧化碳分压的组合。然而,额外的惰性气体也可存在。氢:一氧化碳的分子比一般在10∶1和1∶10之间,而优选在6∶1和1∶2之间。
Ⅷ族金属(化合物)的量并无特别限制,但却有时要选择以便就催化剂的活性和方法的经济性方面能得到好的结果。一般来说,反应介质中Ⅷ族金属的浓度是在10和10,000ppm之间,而优选在100-1000ppm之间,以游离金属计算。
多齿磷配位体对Ⅷ族金属的摩尔比并无特别限制,但却有时要选择以便就催化剂活性和所要的醛的选择性方面能得到好的结果。这个比例是从约0.5~100而优选从1到10(摩尔配位体/摩尔金属)。
任意溶剂的选择并不严格。溶剂可以是羰基化反应物的混合物本身,如起始的不饱和化合物,醛产物和/或副产物。其他适宜的溶剂包括饱和的烃(例如,煤油,矿物油或环己烷),醚(例如,二苯醚或四氢呋喃),酮(例如,丙酮,环己酮),腈(例如,乙腈,己二腈或苯基腈),芳香类(例如,甲苯,苯或二甲苯),酯(例如,戊酸甲酯,己内酯),2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇-异丁酸酯®(texanol®)(UnionCarbide),或二甲基甲酰胺。
将用下面非限制实施例阐明本发明。实施例1
首先,二〔3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基〕-氯代膦如下制备:
3.5-双(三氟甲基)溴苯在乙醚中的格氏试剂(0.78摩尔,约700mL)用文献方法制备(Tetrahedron Lett,1983,24,4703-6)。于氮气机械搅拌下,将该溶液滴加入至Et2NPCl2(64.8g,54mL,0.37摩尔)和干燥的吡啶(123g,126mL,1.56摩尔)溶于干燥的乙醚(600mL)中并用外部冷却来维持反应溶液温度低于10℃。在加入所有的格氏试剂后,将混合物搅拌过夜。在隔除湿气情况下,过滤去镁盐并用500mL干燥乙醚洗涤。
将乙醚的滤液机械搅拌在21圆底瓶中并冷至0℃。然后将氯化氢气通入至该溶液中直到31P NMR表明反应完全〔Ar2PNEt2的31P NMR:57ppm;Ar2PCl:71ppm,其中Ar=3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基〕。在将全部的起始物转变成Ar2PCl后,蒸发乙醚溶液并将粘稠的残余物放入干燥箱中。加入干燥的石油醚(200mL)至残余物中并将混合物激烈搅拌1小时。滤去二乙铵和氯化吡啶鎓并用石油醚洗涤(2×100mL)。蒸发滤液并随之于0.05mmHg下真空蒸馏,得二〔3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基〕氯化膦,为略粘稠的液体,在85-95℃沸腾。基于Et2NPCl2分离的收率约为60-70%。
其次,将二甲基2,2′-二羟基-1,1′-联萘-3,3′-二羧酸酯(6.03g,15mmol)和三乙胺(4.55g,45mmol)溶于干燥的二氯甲烷/乙醚(200mL/100mL)中。将二〔3,5-双(三氟甲基)-苯基〕氯代膦(14.77g,30mmol)加入并将溶液于室温搅拌过夜(12小时)。用13P NMR监控反应进程。通过过滤除去氯化三乙铵盐而后于真空下蒸去溶剂。将残余物溶于二氯甲烷中并通过一短的氧化铝柱(60mL漏斗,4cm直径)并用相同的溶剂洗脱。蒸去溶剂得到一淡黄色固体(18g,91%),为所要的配位体。从乙醚中结晶可除去黄色杂质。31P NMR(CDCl3):104ppm.
羰基化如下完成。
将含有11.4g(100毫摩尔)3-戊烯酸甲酯(M3P),0.068g(0.2毫摩尔)的二羰基(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酸基)铑(Rh(CO)2DPM),1.34g(1.0毫摩尔)配位体2和1.00g十四烷(气相层析内标)在100ml甲苯的溶液(5ml)加入至25ml搪瓷压力容器中。配位体对铑的摩尔比为5。通过首先通入氮气(二次)而后1:1 CO/H2(二次)使压力容器除去空气。然后将容器加压到75psi CO和加热到100℃并搅拌2小时。停止加热并让容器冷至室温。逸出过量的气体并用气相层析分析产品。3-戊烯酸甲酯转化率〔3-戊烯酸甲酯和4-戊烯酸甲酯(M4P)反应的%〕:40.0%;直链〔100×5-甲酰戊酸甲酯(M5FV)/(5-甲酰戊酸甲酯+支链甲酰戊酸酯)〕:97%,选择性(100×M5FV/所有产物):64%。实施例2
配位体4
首先,如下制备配位体4。
于-78℃将新鲜蒸馏的三氯化磷(13.7g,100毫摩尔)和吡咯(13.4g,200毫摩尔)加入至干燥的四氢呋喃中(500mL)。滴加入无水三乙胺(30.3g,300毫摩尔)而后缓缓将混合物温热至室温并于氮气下再搅拌12小时。将二甲基2,2′-二羟基-1,1′-联萘-3,3-二羧酸酯(14.07g,35毫摩尔;按文献制备:J.Am.Chem.Soc.1954,76,296;Tetrahedron Lett.1990,413)加入至四氢呋喃溶液中并将混合物再搅拌过夜。过滤除去不溶的铵盐并蒸发滤液。将残余物溶于最小量的二氯甲烷中并通过加入乙醚而后冷却至-30℃结晶出产品。用冷的乙醚洗涤灰白色固体。31P NMR(CDCl3)107ppm;1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,δ):3.53(s,3H),5.6(m,2H),6.05(m,2H),6.6(m,2H),6.8(d,1H),7.23(t,1H),7.33(t,1H),7.75(d,1H),8.33(s,1H).
羰基化如实施例1进行,除了使用0.72g(1.0毫摩尔)的配位体4而不用所说量的配位体2外。气相层析表明77.6%的3-戊烯酸甲酯转化率和73.0%的M5FV选择性及97.1%的直线性。实施例3
本实施例阐明用配位体1羰基化3-戊烯酸甲酯。
配位体1
在氮气氛下,将0.93g(1.89毫摩尔)的二〔3,5-二(三氟甲基)苯基〕氯化膦加入至含有0.27g(0.94毫摩尔)的1,1′-二-2-萘酚和0.50mL(3.59毫摩尔)的三乙胺在15mL甲苯中的溶液。使混合物在室温下搅拌1小时而后过滤以除去三乙胺盐酸盐。合并滤液和Et3N·HCl的甲苯洗液并于减压下除去溶剂,得0.832g产物。31P NMR(CDCl3):104.4ppm,单峰。
羰基化类似于实施例1,除了用1.2g(1.0毫摩尔)的配位体1代替所述量的配位体2。气相层析表明94%3-戊烯酸甲酯转化率和54%的M5FV选择性和87.7%的直线性。实施例4
本实施例阐明了用配位体3羰基化3-戊烯酸甲酯。
如下制备配位体3。配位体3
在氮气氛下,将0.824g(1.67毫摩尔)的二〔3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基〕氯化膦加入至含有0.157g(0.84毫摩尔)的2,2′-联苯酚和0.65mL(4.67毫摩尔)的三乙胺在20mL甲苯中的溶液。使混合物在室温下搅拌1小时而后过滤以除去三乙胺盐酸盐。合并滤液和Et3N·HCl的甲苯洗涤液并于减压下除去溶剂,得0.743g的产物。31P NMR(CDCl3):104.8ppm,单峰,在该信号的高场处有少量的杂质。
碳基化如实施例1所述进行,除了用等量的配位体3代替配位体2之外。气层分析表明80%的3-戊烯酸甲酯的转换率,和45%的M5FV的选择性和77%的直线性。实施例5
本实施例阐明了用配位体2在己二酸二甲酯溶剂中于105℃和150psi下羰基化3-戊烯酸甲酯。
将100mL机械搅拌的耐蚀耐高温镍合金C加压釜用氮气而后用50psi的1∶1CO/H2吹洗。然后加入22.8g(200毫摩尔)的3-戊烯酸甲酯的溶液,0.53g(0.4毫摩尔)配位体2,0.5g的邻-二氯苯(ODCB,GC标准)和16.1g己二酸二甲酯溶剂。将高压釜用1∶1CO/H2加压至90psi并加热至105℃。通过加入Rh(CO)2DPM(0.068g,0.2毫摩尔)溶解在10g的己二酸二甲酯的溶液来引发反应。立即通过调节CO/H2进料气使压力于105℃为150psi。从储存罐中持续的输进1/1CO/H2至高压釜以维持总压力恒定在150psi。隔一定间隔取出样品供气相层析。使反应进行至总计为21小时而后冷却到20℃。通过控制阀放出过量的CO/H2并卸出产物。
反应器中的样品用30M Carbowax毛细管气层柱分析,结果示于表1。
表1
样品时间 3-戊烯酸甲 M5FV 醛直线性
(分) 酯转化率(%) 选择性(%) (%)
5 13.9 51.2 96.7
20 38.3 65.3 96.7
30 48.7 65.4 96.5
60 69.5 69.5 96.3
120 86.7 73 6 96.2
185 93.1 75.3 96.1
360 98.6 79.7 95.9
1260 99.4 80.0 95.5
起始的一级速率常数为1.25/小时而自该速率的转换率为904摩尔/摩尔Rh/小时。实施例6-8
这些实施例阐明了用含有未取代的2,2′-二羟基-1,1′-联萘桥和在芳基末端基团上有各种电负性取代基的二次膦酸酯配位体进行的3-戊烯酸甲酯的羰基化反应,其中配位体7到9的一般结构如下所示。配位体7-9的一般结构
配位体7:R1=R3=F,R2=H
配位体8:R1=R2=H,R3=CF3
配位体9:R1=R3=H,R2=Cl
羰基化作用按实施例1所述进行,除了配位体2被等量的配位体7,8或9所取代。结果归纳在表2。
表2实施例 配位体 转换率(%) M5FV 醛直线性
选择性(%) (%)6 7 5.5 37 847 8 20 55 838 9 6.4 50 80实施例9-12
这些实施例说明了用下述二次膦酸酯配位体羰基化3-戊烯酸甲酯,这些配位体含有3,3′-二取代的-2,2′-二羟基-1,1′-联萘桥和3,5-双(三氟甲基)-苯基末端基团,其中配位体10至12的一般结构如下图所示。配位体10-12的一般结构式配位体10:R=CO2C(CH3)3配位体11:R=CO2Et配位体12:R=C2H5
表3实施例 配位体 转换率(%) M5FV 醛直线性
选择性(%) (%)9 10 40.9 68.1 95.110 11 40.0 64.0 97.011 12 94.0 55.0 86.0实施例12-15
这些实施例说明了用配位体1和4羰基化1-己烯和2-己烯。
羰基化按实施例1所述进行,除了3-戊烯酸甲酯被等量的1-己烯或2-己烯所代替,CO/H2压力在100℃反应温度下为100psi,总反应时间为4小时。使用了配位体1和比较的配位体4。对产物的分析得出的结果示于表4中。
表4实施例 配位体 底物 1-庚醛 醛直线性
选择性(%) (%)12 1 1-己烯 80.9 95.713 4 1-己烯 85.8 93.514 1 2-己烯 73.0 89.415 4 2-己烯 87.6 82.9实施例16至20
本实施例说明了用配位体1,2和4羰基化3-戊烯腈。
羰基化按实施例1所述进行,除了3-戊烯酸甲酯被等量的3-戊烯腈(3PN)所代替,而且配位体、温度、和压力也不同。对产物的分析表明为3-,4-和5-甲酰基戊腈(FVN)(自戊烯腈羰基化的醛产物)和戊腈(VN,还原产物)。结果总结在表5中。
表5实施例 配位体 温度 压力 反应温度 3PN转 5FVN选 醛直线
(℃) (psi) (Hrs.) 换率(%) 择性(%) 性(%)16 2 110 150 2 33.0 54.5 81.817 1 110 150 2 45.9 29.7 36.118 4 110 150 6 99.1 59.6 84.219 4 110 150 6 98.4 62.3 78.820 4 100 75 2 81.5 68.6 87.5
在该实施例中CO/H2比例为65/35;在所有其他实施例中比例为50/50;e247-2B。
这些结果表明,使用本发明的催化剂对线性5-甲酰基戊腈(5FVN;己内酰胺前体)可以得到中等高的选择性。实施例21-23
这些实施例说明了用配位体1,2和4羰基化1,3-丁二烯。
羰基化按实施例1所述进行,除了3-戊烯酸甲酯被等量的1,3-丁二烯所代替,而且使用的溶剂为四氢呋喃,压力为1000psi(6.8Mpa),温度为90°和配位体1,2和4(摩尔配位体/摩尔Rh=3或6)。对产物的分析表明为戊烯醛类(主要为反式3-戊烯醛),戊醛(还原产物)和C6二醛(主要为1,4-丁二醛)。结果归纳于表6中。
表6
选择性实施例 配位体 转换率(%) 戊醛(%) 戊醛(%) 二醛(%)21 2 91.0 75.5 1.7 8.422 1 94.4 70.0 3.1 12.623 4 95.8 75.9 4.6 7.524 2* 94.5 95.1 3.1 0.0
*6/1配位体/Rh;其他实施例是以3/1配位体/Rh进行。
这些结果表明,使用本发明的催化剂可以以高产率和速率得到3-戊烯醛。
Claims (29)
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于Q在3,3′位置被R1和R2所取代,其中R1和R2选自H,烷基,芳基,三芳基甲硅烷基,三烷基甲硅烷基,烷酯基,芳酯基,芳氧基,烷氧基,烷基羰基,芳基羰基,酰胺,卤素,和腈的基团。
3.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于R1和R2为烷酯基基团,CO2R,其中R为C1-C20烷基或C6-C20芳基。
4.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于R3和R4为单价芳基,它在相对于磷原子的间位或对位上至少含有一个不是氢的R6基团。
5.权利要求4的方法,其特征在于R6为C1-C20烷基,C6-C20芳基,F,Cl,Br,CF3。
6.权利要求5的方法,其特征在于,R6为在相对于磷原子的间位或对位上的CF3,F或Cl而R1和R2为-CO2R的烷酯基,其中R为C1-C8烷基。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中R3和R4为任意取代的吡咯或吲哚基。
8.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于Ⅷ族金属为铑。
9.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于烯烃不饱和化合物具有2到20个碳原子。
10.权利要求9的方法,其特征在于烯烃不饱和有机化合物为具有4至20个碳原子的内部烯烃不饱和化合物。
11.权利要求10的方法,其特征在于内部烯烃不饱和化合物为3-戊烯腈,3-戊烯酸,或3-戊烯酸C1-C6烷基酯化合物。
12.权利要求11的方法,其特征在于内部烯烃不饱和化合物为3-戊烯酸甲酯。
13.权利要求1的方法,其中溶剂选自芳香烃,酮,醛,醚,酯,砜和腈。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中溶剂为起始的烯烃底物和其羰基化产物。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中溶剂为在通过蒸馏分离去主产物后剩余的高沸点残余物。
16.权利要求1的方法,其中金属为铑,浓度为10~5000ppm,配位体对铑的比例为0.5到20,温度是在40℃~140℃范围内,总压力是在0.1~20MPa范围内,而CO/H2的比例为0.1到10。
17.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于烯烃不饱和有机化合物为丁二烯,Ⅷ族金属为铑,而R1和R2为烷酯基,-COOR,其中R为C1-C8烷基。
18.权利要求17的方法,其特征在于,R3和R4为芳基,在至少一个间位或对位被R6所取代,其中R6选自烷基,芳基,CF3,F或Cl。
19.权利要求17的方法,其特征在于R3和R4为吡咯基或吲哚基。
20.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于内部烯烃不饱和有机化合物为具有4~20个碳原子的内部烯烃不饱和化合物,Ⅷ族金属为铑,而R1和R2为烷酯基,-CO2CR,其中R为C1-C8烷基。
21.权利要求20的方法,其特征在于R3和R4为芳基,在至少一个间位或对位被R6所取代,其中R6选自烷基,芳基,CF3,F或Cl的基团。
22.权利要求20的方法,其特征在于R3和R4为吡咯基或吲哚基。
24.权利要求23的组合物,其特征在于Q在3,3′位被R1和R2所取代,其中R1和R2选自H,烷基,芳基,三芳基甲硅烷基,三烷基甲硅烷基,烷酯基,芳酯基,芳氧基,烷氧基,烷基羰基,芳基羰基,酰胺,卤素和腈的基团。
25.权利要求24的组合物,其特征在于R1和R2为烷酯基,CO2R,其中R为C1-C20烷基或C6-C20芳基。
26.权利要求23的组合物,其特征在于R3和R4为单价芳基,它在相对于磷原子的间位或对位上含有至少一个不是氢的R6基团。
27.权利要求26的组合物,其特征在于R6为C1-C20烷基,C6-C20芳基,F,Cl,Br,CF3。
28.权利要求27的组合物,其特征在于R6为在相对于磷原子的间位或对位上的CF3,F或Cl,而R1和R2为-CO2R的烷酯基,其中R为C1-C8烷基。
29.权利要求23的组合物,其中R3和R4为任意取代的吡咯或吲哚基。
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TW343195B (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 1998-10-21 | Dsm Nv | Process to prepare a terminal aldehyde |
-
1996
- 1996-11-08 US US08/745,238 patent/US5710344A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1997
- 1997-11-03 WO PCT/US1997/019902 patent/WO1998019985A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-11-03 EP EP97946449A patent/EP0937022B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-03 DE DE69705858T patent/DE69705858T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-03 CN CN97199540A patent/CN1236353A/zh active Pending
- 1997-11-03 JP JP52163198A patent/JP2001503426A/ja active Pending
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WO1998019985A1 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
JP2001503426A (ja) | 2001-03-13 |
EP0937022B1 (en) | 2001-07-25 |
US5710344A (en) | 1998-01-20 |
DE69705858D1 (de) | 2001-08-30 |
DE69705858T2 (de) | 2002-04-11 |
EP0937022A1 (en) | 1999-08-25 |
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