CN1234277A - 聚合的脂肪酸衍生物和脂肪醇衍生物作为增溶剂的应用 - Google Patents
聚合的脂肪酸衍生物和脂肪醇衍生物作为增溶剂的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1234277A CN1234277A CN99105535A CN99105535A CN1234277A CN 1234277 A CN1234277 A CN 1234277A CN 99105535 A CN99105535 A CN 99105535A CN 99105535 A CN99105535 A CN 99105535A CN 1234277 A CN1234277 A CN 1234277A
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- Prior art keywords
- fatty acid
- solubilizing agent
- derivative
- alkyl
- water
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- WSSJONWNBBTCMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl) ester Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)CC(C)CC1OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O WSSJONWNBBTCMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
聚合脂肪酸衍生物和脂肪醇衍生物作为增溶剂的用途,所述的衍生物的制备方法是,将聚合的C12~C110脂肪酸或C12~C110脂肪醇与选自多元醇、单糖、亚烷基二醇、聚(亚烷基二醇)和胺化聚(亚烷基二醇)的亲水性物质缩合。
Description
本发明涉及聚合的脂肪酸衍生物和脂肪醇衍生物作为增溶剂的应用。
疏水性物质的增溶目前在均相药物或化妆品的制备中有重要的实用意义。
增溶是指由表面活性化合物引起的溶解性的改进,该表面活性化合物能将在水中难以溶解或不溶于水的物质转变成澄清的或不超过乳白色的水溶液而且不需要对这些物质的化学结构进行改进。
这样获得的加溶物特征在于难溶于水或不溶于水的物质以溶解的形式存在于表面活性化合物中在水相形成的相联的分子集束——即所谓的胶束——中。得到的溶液是稳定的单相体系,最佳呈现出澄清至乳白色,并且制备时不需任何高能量的输入。
增溶剂可以通过使配方透明来提高化妆品和食品的表观,而且对于药物制剂,通过使用增溶剂,药性物质的生物利用率可以得到改进。
在药学物质和化妆品活性组分中使用的增溶剂是下列产品:
●乙氧基化的(加氢的)蓖麻油(如BASF的Cremophor)
●乙氧基化的山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯(如ICI的Tween)
●乙氧基化的羟基硬脂酸(如BASF的Solutol)
然而,迄今使用的上述增溶剂显示了一些不令人满意的性能。
因此,其胃肠外用药伴随着例如组胺的释放并导致了血压的降低(Lorenz等人,Agents and Actions Vol.12,1/2,1982)。
已知的增溶剂对一些难溶的药物如克霉唑仅有很小的增溶作用。
表面活性化合物常常有高的溶血作用,这对于它们在药物上的应用构成了一个障碍,尤其是对于胃肠外用药。
EP-A0,131,558描述了聚合脂肪酸和聚(乙二醇)的酯或在一端闭合的聚(乙二醇)作为用于固体疏水性颗粒在水中的分散剂。
EP-A0,229,400描述了聚脂肪酸的聚酯,聚(乙二醇)和脂肪酸作为增稠剂用于含表面活性剂的化妆品和药物的制备。
本发明的目的是提供新的无上述缺点的用于药物、化妆品和营养制品的增溶剂。
本发明通过采用聚合脂肪酸衍生物和聚合脂肪醇衍生物作为增溶剂可达到这个目的,所述的衍生物可通过聚合的C12~C110脂肪酸或C12~C110脂肪醇与选自多元醇、单糖、亚烷基二醇、聚(亚烷基二醇)和胺化聚(亚烷基二醇)的亲水性物质的缩合来制备。
聚合的脂肪酸是指含12~110个碳原子,优选24~44个碳原子,更优选32~40个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸,其可通过一种或多种的不饱和脂肪酸的聚合来制备。
可聚合的脂肪酸或脂肪醇是有6~22碳、优选12~22碳、更优选16~20碳碳链的单不饱和或多不饱和化合物,以及这些脂肪酸或脂肪醇的混合物,如油酸/亚油酸混合物。
聚合的脂肪醇也要求保护,其含有12~110个碳,优选24~44个碳,更优选32~40个碳,通过氢化相应的聚合脂防酸获得,并优选以饱和形式存在。
脂肪酸或脂肪醇的聚合反应能生成二聚或三~五聚结构。
优选使用的增溶剂是二聚和三聚脂肪酸或脂肪醇衍生物,特别是二聚脂肪酸衍生物。
二聚衍生物基本上包括线性和环状化合物,它可以是不饱的和或加氢的,但优选加氢的。
不饱和二聚酸结构的例子是:
合适的聚合脂肪酸优选可从市场购买的商标为Pripol(Unichema)或Empol(Henkel)的产品。这些二聚的油酸/亚麻油酸混合物主要含线性和环状化合物。另外,这些产品可以含一些其它单体和三聚和稠合度更高的脂肪酸。
典型的市售的二聚脂肪酸大致有下列组分:
单体酸:1~15重量%,
二聚酸:50~99重量%,
三聚和更高级聚合酸:1~35重量%,
其中,浓度可在由单体的来源和所用的聚合和纯化方法所限定的范围内变化。
适于与聚合的脂肪酸或脂肪醇缩合的疏水性化合物的例子可以是:
多元醇,例如季戊四醇、丙三醇、含2~20个单元的低聚丙三醇、糖醇——如D-山梨醇和D-甘露醇。
亚烷基二醇,特别是C2~C4亚烷基二醇,如乙二醇、甲基乙二醇、丙二醇和它们的二聚物。
聚亚烷基二醇,如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、优选胺化的,分子量为200~12,000g/mol,优选300~5,000g/mol,更优选400~1,500g/mol。
一端封闭的聚亚烷基二醇,如甲基聚(乙二醇)、乙基聚(乙二醇)、丙基聚(乙二醇)、甲基聚(丙二醇)、乙基聚(丙二醇)、丙基聚(丙二醇),任选胺化的,分子量为200~12,000g/mol,优选300~5,000g/mol,更优选400~1,500g/mol。
单糖,如核糖、阿戊糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、果糖或蔗糖。
疏水性化合物和聚合脂肪酸或脂肪醇的键合优选以酯键或醚键的形式。
其中的变量独立地有下列含义:
A 含22~42个碳的二聚脂防酸或二聚脂肪醇的残基;
B -C(=O)-或CH2-;
X 选自多元醇、单糖、亚烷基二醇、聚(亚烷基二醇)和胺化的聚(亚烷基二醇)的亲水性结构单元;
z OR、NHR、R:
R H、C1~C20烷基、C1~C20链烯基、C1~C12酰基;
u 0~20
本发明的二聚脂肪酸或二聚脂肪醇在上述缩合产物中含量至少是50重量%,优选50~100重量%,更优选70~100重量%,最优选80~100重量%。此外这些缩合产物可含0~50重量%,优选0~30重量%,更优选0~20重量%的单体或三聚或更高级的缩合脂肪酸。
这里可提及的烷基R的例子是支链或非支链的C1~C20烷基链,例如,甲基、乙基、正丙基、1-甲基乙基、正丁基、1-甲基丙基、2-甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基乙基、正戊基、1-甲基丁基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、正己基、1,1-二甲基-丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、1-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、1-乙基丁基、2-乙基丁基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,2,2-三甲基丙基、1-乙基-1-甲基丙基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基、正十一烷基、正十二烷基、正十三烷基、正十四烷基、正十五烷基、正十六烷基、正十七烷基、正十八烷基、正十九烷基、正廿烷基。
这里可提及的链烯基R的例子是支链或非支链的C2~C20链烯基,如乙烯基、丙烯基、异丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、2-甲基-1-丁烯基、2-甲基-2-丁烯基、3-甲基-1-丁烯基、1-己烯基、2-己烯基、1-庚烯基、2-庚烯基、1-辛烯基或2-辛烯基。
这里可提及的酰基R的例子是支链或非支链,饱和或不饱和的C1~C12酰基或C1~C11烷基羰基,如甲酰基、甲基羰基(乙酰基)、乙基羰基、正丙基羰基、正丁基羰基、1-甲基丙基羰基、2-甲基丙基羰基、1,1-二甲基乙基羰基、正戊基羰基、3-甲基丁基羰基、2,2-二甲基丙基羰基、正己基羰基、正庚基羰基、正辛基羰基、2-乙基己基羰基、正壬基羰基、正癸基羰基或正十一烷基羰基。
其中变量独立地有下列含义:
A 含22~42个碳的二聚脂肪酸或二聚脂肪醇的残基;
B -C(=O)-或CH2-;
D -O-;
E -N(R3)-Y-;
X1 -CH2-CH2-O-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-,-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-,
-CH2-CH(CH2-CH3)-O-;
Y -CH2-CH2-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-,-CH(CH3)-CH2-;
R1 H,C1~C20烷基,C2~C20链烯基,C1~C12酰基;
R2 H,C1~C20烷基,C2~C20链烯基,C1~C12酰基;
R3 H,C1~C20烷基,C2~C20链烯基,-[-X1-]n-R1;
m 0或1;
n 1~150;
u 0~20。
这里可提及的R1~R3烷基是支链或非支链的C1~C20烷基链,例如,甲基、乙基、正丙基、1-甲基乙基、正丁基、1-甲基丙基、2-甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基乙基、正戊基、1-甲基丁基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、正己基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、1-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、1-乙基丁基、2-乙基丁基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,2,2-三甲基丙基、1-乙基-1-甲基丙基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基、正十一烷基、正十二烷基、正十三烷基、正十四烷基、正十五烷基、正十六烷基、正十七烷基、正十八烷基、正十九烷基或正廿烷基。
这里可提及的R1~R3链烯基的例子是支链或非支链的C2~C20链烯基,如乙烯基、丙烯基、异丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、2-甲基-1-丁烯基、2-甲基-2-丁烯基、3-甲基-1-丁烯基、1-己烯基、2-己烯基、1-庚烯基、2-庚烯基、1-辛烯基或2-辛烯基。
这里可提及的酰基R1和R2的例子是支链或非支链,饱和或不饱和的C1~C12酰基或C1~C11烷基羰基,如甲酰基、甲基羰基(乙酰基)、乙基羰基、正丙基羰基、正丁基羰基、1-甲基丙基羰基、2-甲基丙基羰基、1,1-二甲基乙基羰基、正戊基羰基、3-甲基丁基羰基、2,2-二甲基丙基羰基、正己基羰基、正庚基羰基、正辛基羰基、2-乙基己基羰基、正壬基羰基、正癸基羰基或正十一烷基羰基。
X1可以是亚烷基二醇单体单元,选自乙二醇、1-甲基乙二醇、正丙二醇、正丁二醇和1-乙基乙二醇。
相应的聚(亚烷基二醇)可以由1~150个单体单元组成,优选5~50个单体单元,更优选7~30个单体单元。
X1表示的优选单体单元是乙二醇和1-甲基乙二醇。
聚(亚烷基二醇)以及烷基聚(亚烷基二醇)也可以是在一端用E表示的-N(R3)-Y-来胺化,此时,氨基以酰胺形式连到聚合脂肪酸上。氨基可以是伯氨基或仲氨基,优选伯氨基。
最优选的化合物是那些通式Ⅰa的,其中的变量独立地有下述含义:
A 含30~38个碳的二聚脂肪酸或二聚脂肪醇的残基;
B -C(=O)-或CH2-;
D -O-;
X1 -CH2-CH2-O-,-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-;
R1 H,C1~C8烷基,C1~C8酰基;
R2 H,C1~C8烷基,C1~C8酰基;
m 0
n 5~50;
u 0~15。
这里可提及的烷基R1和R2的例子优选为支链或非支链的C1~C8烷基,更优选为甲基、乙基、正丙基、1-甲基乙基、正丁基、1-甲基丙基、2-甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基乙基、正戊基、1-甲基丁基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、正己基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、1-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基2,3-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、1-乙基丁基、2-乙基丁基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,2,2-三甲基丙基、1-乙基-1-甲基丙基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、正庚基或正辛基。
这里可提及的酰基R1和R2的例子是优选支链或非支链,饱和或不饱和的C1~C8酰基或C1~C7烷基羰基,更优选C1~C3烷基羰基,如甲酰基、甲基羰基(乙酰基)、乙基羰基、正丙基羰基、正丁基羰基、1-甲基丙基羰基或2-甲基丙基羰基。
优选的亲水性基团聚(乙二醇)和聚(丙二醇)——特别是聚(乙二醇)——以及它们的共聚物可通过它们的末端羟基与聚合的——优选二聚的——脂肪酸衍生物或脂肪醇依次进行缩合,其中可形成的交替嵌段含不超过20个单元,优选不超过15个单元,更优选1~5个单元。
当使用一端封闭的亚烷基二醇或聚(亚烷基二醇)时,其中两个端羟基官能团中的一个是酰化的或烷基化的(R1和R3=C1~C20烷基,C1~C20烯基或C2~C12酰基),可获得结构式为Ⅰb的化合物。
其中的变量A、B、D、E和X1和指数m和n的定义同上。
本发明的聚合脂肪酸衍生物的合成包括缩合相应的聚合脂肪酸和亲水性化合物,其中亲水性化合物选自多元醇、单糖、亚烷基二醇、聚(亚烷基二醇)和胺化的聚(亚烷基二醇)。
亲水性结构嵌段与聚合脂防酸的摩尔比为每摩尔脂肪酸的酸基0.5~2.0mol,优选0.7~1.3mol的亲水性结构单元。
缩合可在酸或碱催化剂下进行。合适的酸催化剂有酸或Lewis酸,例如硫酸、对甲苯磺酸、磷酸、次磷酸、亚磷酸、甲磺酸、硼酸、氯化铝、三氟化硼、四乙基原钛酸酯、四丁基原钛酸酯、氧化锡(Ⅳ)、二丁基锡二月桂酸盐或它们的混合物。
合适的碱催化剂有甲醇钠、乙醇钠、碳酸钾、碳酸钠、叔丁基化钾、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂、氧化镁和磷酸钾、
以起始原料为基计,这些催化剂的用量是0.05~10重量%,优选0.1~5重量%。
反应可以在有或没有溶剂的条件下进行。溶剂在反应条件下应是惰性的。
合适的溶剂的例子是甲苯、二甲苯、乙腈、六甲基磷酰三胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甘醇二甲醚、二甲基乙二醇、四氢呋喃、二噁烷、碳酸亚乙酯和碳酸亚丙酯。
溶剂在反应结束时,或在反应过程中可通过蒸馏除去。
反应通常在5毫巴~标准大气压力和60℃~250℃下进行,优选120℃~200℃。在反应条件下,应除去反应中生成的水。反应时间取决于采用的条件,为2~20小时。可采用红外波谱分析,通过测定反应中生成的水的量或通过测定酸值来监测反应。
本发明的聚合脂肪酸衍生物,特别是通式Ⅰa的聚合的脂肪酸酯和聚合的脂肪醇衍生物可通过相应的脂肪酸或脂肪醇与环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷的烷氧化作用来制备。这种加聚作用可使用酸或碱催化剂。优选的催化剂是碱催化剂,如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氧化钙、甲醇钠、叔丁基钾和羧酸钠或钾盐。
以聚合的脂肪醇或酸为基计,这些催化剂的浓度为0.005~5重量%,优选0.2~1.5重量%。
在用催化剂加成之后,挥发性组分如水或低级醇可用蒸馏除去。
烷氧基化在80~160℃下进行,优选在100~140℃。
聚脂肪酸或脂肪醇的烷氧化产物可任意地通过另一步骤用聚合的脂肪酸衍生物进行再酯化。应用:
本发明提供了在药物和化妆品制备中以及食品组合物中用作增溶剂的亲水性化合物。它们能够增溶在药物和化妆品工业中所用的难溶性活性物质,难溶的食品添加剂——如维生素和类胡萝卜素,以及农业杀虫剂和兽医活性物质中的难溶性活性组分。
已经令人惊讶的发现,此处要求的化合物对药物和化妆品活性组分有着很好的增溶效果。此外,使用此处要求的化合物得到了非常与众不同的低的溶血速度和没有伴随胃肠外给药、口服和在皮肤和粘膜上局部用药产生的继发作用的耐受性。特别是该化合物没有显示与血细胞膜相互作用产生的副作用。在胃肠外用药后没有或仅仅有轻微的释放组胺。由于分子量低,增溶剂可通过肾排出。化妆品的增溶剂
通式Ⅰ的化合物可在化妆品配方中用作增溶剂。它们特别适于用作化妆油的增溶剂。它们能很好地增溶脂肪和油类,例如花生油、西蒙得木油、椰子油、杏仁油、橄榄油、棕榈油、蓖麻油、豆油或麦胚油,或用于挥发油,如Pumilio松油、熏衣草油、迷迭香油、松针油、云杉针叶油、桉叶油、薄荷油、鼠尾草油、香柠檬油、松节油、蜂花油、桧油、柑桔油、茴香子油、kardamom油、薄荷油、樟脑油等或这些油的混合物。
此外,本发明中的通式Ⅰ的化合物可作为在水中是难溶或不溶的UV吸收剂的增溶剂,UV吸收剂是例如2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯酮(UvinulM40,BASF),2,2,4,4-四羟基二苯酮(UvinulD50),2,2-二羟基-4,4-二甲氧基二苯酮(UvinulD49),2,4-二羟基二苯酮(Uvinul400),2’-乙基己基-2-氰基-3,3-二苯基丙烯酸酯(UvinulN 539),2,4,6-三苯胺基-对-(碳-2’-乙基己基-l’-氧)-1,3,5-三吖嗪(UvinulT150),3-(4-甲氧基亚苄基)樟脑(Eusolex6300,Merck),N,N-二甲基-4-氨基-苯甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯(Eusolex6007),水杨酸(3,3,5-三甲基环己基)酯,4-异丙基二苯甲酰基甲烷(Eusolex8020),对-甲氧基肉桂酸(2-7基己基)酯和对-甲氧基肉桂酸(2-异戊基)酯及其它们的混合物。
这样本发明还涉及化妆品,其含有至少一种通式Ⅰ或Ⅰa的化合物作为增溶剂。除增溶剂外,这些配方优选含有一种或多种难溶的化妆品活性组分,如上述的油或UV吸收剂。
这些配方是基于水或水/醇的被加溶物。作为增溶剂使用的化合物Ⅰ与难溶的化妆品活性组分的比例是0.2∶1~50∶1,优选0.5∶1~20∶1,更优选1∶1~15∶1,最优选2∶1~12∶l。
本发明的增溶剂在化妆品中的含量取决于活性组分,在1~50重量%范围内,优选3~40重量%,更优选5~30重量%。
另外,在配方中可加入其它的辅助物质,例如,非离子、阳离子或阴离子表面活性剂如烷基聚糖苷、脂肪醇硫酸盐、磺化脂防醇、脂肪醇醚硫酸盐、脂肪醇醚磺酸盐、烷烃磺酸盐、脂肪醇乙氧基化物、脂肪醇磷酸盐、烷基内铵盐、山梨醇酯、POE山梨醇脂肪酸酯、糖脂肪疗酸酯、脂肪酸聚(丙三醇酯)、脂肪酸偏甘油酯、脂肪酸羧酸酯、脂肪醇硫代琥珀酸酯、脂肪酸甘氨酸酯、脂肪酸羟乙磺酸酯、脂肪酸牛磺酸酯、柠檬酸酯、硅氧烷共聚物、脂防酸聚(乙二醇酯)、脂肪酰胺、链烷醇胺皂、季铵化合物、烷基苯酚乙氧基化物、脂肪胺乙氧基化物、共溶剂如乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇等。
其它可以加入的组分是天然的或合成的化合物,如羊毛脂衍生物、胆甾醇衍生物、肉豆蔻异丙基酯、棕榈酸异丙基酯、电解质、防腐剂和酸(如乳酸、柠檬酸)。
这些配方用于例如洗浴添加剂,如浴油、须前和须后水、洗面液、漱口剂、生发剂、古龙水、花露水等。增溶方法的说明
在准备用于化妆品配方的加溶物时,通式Ⅰ的化合物可以100%的物质或以水溶液形式使用。
通常将增溶剂溶于水中,并且例如通过磁力搅拌剧烈地和所用的难溶性化妆品活性组分——例如上述的精油或香料油——充分混合。
另一种方法是所用的难溶化妆品活性组分溶解在熔融的增溶剂中,然后边加入软化水边进行搅拌。用于药物的增溶剂
此处要求的化合物适于在任一类型的药物制剂中作为增溶剂使用,只要这些药物制剂含一种或多种不溶或实质上不溶于水的药性物质或维生素或类胡萝卜素。这些药物制剂尤其是用于口服的或胃肠外用药□□例如用于静脉内、肌内或皮下的注射液或腹膜内用药□□的水溶液或被加溶物。
此外,要求的化合物适用于口服剂型,例如片剂、胶囊、粉剂和溶液。此时它们提高了难溶性药性物质的生物利用率。
对于胃肠外用药不仅可用被加溶物制成,也可用乳剂制成,例如脂肪乳剂。同样为了这个目的,所要求的化合物也适用于处理实质上不溶于水的药性物质。
用传统方法,使用已知的和新的活性物质,将所要求的化合物和药学活性组分一起处理,可得到上述类型的药物制剂。
根据本发明的应用可以附加地包括药学辅助物质和/或稀释剂。具体的辅助剂是共溶剂、稳定剂和防腐剂。
所用的药用活性物质在水中的溶解度低或为零。根据DAB9(德国药典),药用活性物质的溶解性分级如下:微溶(30-100份溶剂中可溶);难溶(100-1000份溶剂中可溶);不溶(在多于10000溶剂中可溶)。所述的活性组分可以在上述定义的任何范围内。
此处提及的这些药用活性物质的例子是苯并二氮杂类、抗高血压药、维生素、细胞抑制剂一特别是紫杉酚,麻醉药、神经抑制剂、抗抑郁剂、抗生素、抗霉菌剂、抗真菌剂、化疗剂、泌尿科药剂、血小板阻凝剂、磺胺、解痉剂、激素、免疫球蛋白、血清、甲状腺治疗剂、精神药理剂、治疗帕金森氏病的药物和其它抗运动机能亢进剂、眼药、神经病制剂、钙代谢调节剂、肌肉松驰剂、antilipemics、治疗肝病的药、coronary agent、强心剂、免疫治疗剂、肽调节剂和它们的抑制剂、安眠药、镇静剂、妇科用试剂、治痛风药、纤维蛋白分解剂、酶制剂和转移蛋白质、酶抑制剂、催吐药、循环促进剂、利尿剂、诊断药、皮质激素类、胆硷能药、输胆管药、止喘药、支气管药、β-受体阳滞剂、钙拮抗剂、ACE抑制剂、动脉硬化药、消炎剂、抗凝血剂、低渗剂、抗低血糖药、抗高渗药、抗纤维素蛋白分解剂、抗癫痫剂、止吐药、解毒药、治疗糖尿病的药、抗心律失常药、抗贫血药、抗变态反应药、驱肠虫剂、止痛剂、兴奋剂、醛甾酮拮抗剂和减巴药。
本发明的化合物在药物制剂中作为增溶剂的使用包括在增溶剂中分散或溶解活性组分,并可任选加热,然后在搅拌下与水混合。
另一个变化包括在水相中溶解增溶剂,可任选轻微地加热,然后在增溶剂水溶液中溶解活性组分。同时溶解增溶剂和活性物质在水中是可行的。
这样,本发明也涉及药物制剂,其含至少一种通式Ⅰ或Ⅰa的化合物作为增溶剂。优选的配方除了增溶剂以外还含有在上述定义范围内的有活性的并难溶于水或不溶于水的药用物质。
上述药物制剂中优选胃肠外用药的制剂。
本发明的增溶剂在药物制剂中的浓度取决于活性组分,为1~50重量%,优选3~40重量%,更优选5~30重量%。用于食品组合物增溶剂
除了用在化妆品和药物工业上,本发明通式Ⅰ的化合物也适用于在食品工业上作为增溶剂,用于难溶于水或不溶于水的营养辅助剂或添加剂,如脂维生素或类胡萝卜素。此处提及的例子是用类胡萝卜素染色的透明饮料。用于植物保护配方的增溶剂
本发明通式Ⅰ的化合物在农业上用作增溶剂,其中配方包括杀虫剂、除草剂、杀菌剂或驱昆虫剂,特别是用作喷洒或喷淋液体的农业杀虫剂。
下述实施例详细地阐述了聚脂防酸衍生物的制备及其作为增溶剂的应用。实施例合成实施例实施例1
二聚酸Pripol1009和聚(乙二醇)(分子量1000)的酯
在80℃将130.0g(O.13mol)的PluriolE1000(BASF售)和1.7g次磷酸加入到36.9g(0.065mol)的Pripol1009(Unichema售)中,该混合物在N2保护气下,在180℃搅拌11小时。反应中生成的水通过蒸馏除去。
产量:161.0g
酸值(AV):4.5mgKOH/g;OH值(OHV):49mgKOH/g;皂化值(SV):51mgKOH/g实施例2
二聚酸Pripol1009和聚(乙二醇)(分子量1500)的酯
在80℃将150.0g(0.1mol)的PluriolE 1500和1.8g次磷酸加入到28.0g(0.05mol)的Pripol1009中,该混合物在N2保护气下,在180℃搅拌20小时。反应中生成的水通过蒸馏除去。
产量:167.3g
AV:7.4mgKOH/g;OHV:29mgKOH/g;SV:41mgKOH/g实施例3
二聚酸Pripol1009和聚(乙二醇)(分子量520)的酯
在80℃将156.0g(0.3mol)的甲基聚(乙二醇)和2.4g次磷酸加入到85.2g(0.15mol)的Pripol1009中,该混合物在N2保护气下,在180℃搅拌20小时。反应中生成的水通过蒸馏除去。
产量:235g
AV:6.7mgKOH/g;OHV:13mgKOH/g;SV:7mgKOH/g实施例4
二聚酸Pripol1009和甲基聚(乙二醇)(分子量750)的酯
在80℃将75.0g(0.1mol)的甲基聚(乙二醇)(分子量750)和1.0g次磷酸加入到28.4g(0.05mol)的Pripol1009中,该混合物N2保护气下在180℃搅拌18小时。反应中生成的水通过蒸馏除去。
产量:97.1g
AV:7.9mgKOH/g;OHV:2.5mgKOH/g;SV:60mgKOH/g实施例5
三聚酸Pripol1040和聚(乙二醇)(分子量1000)的酯
在80℃将130.0g(0.13mol)的PluriolRE1000和1.7g次磷酸加入到38.9g(AV:188mgKOH/g)的Pripol1040中,该混合物N2保护气下,在180℃搅拌20小时。反应中生成的水通过蒸馏除去。
产量:162.2g
AV:4.7mgKOH/g;OHV:48mgKOH/g;SV:54mgKOH/g实施例6
二聚酸Pripol1009和甲基聚(乙二醇)(分子量900)的酯
在80℃将81.0g(0.1mol)的甲基聚(乙二醇)(分子量900)和1.1g次磷酸加入到25.6g(0.05mol)的Pripol1009中,该混合物在N2保护气下,在180℃搅拌16小时。反应中生成的水通过蒸馏除去。
产量:101g
AV:8.2mgKOH/g;OHV:3.7mgKOH/g;SV:53mgKOH/g化妆品配方实施例7
6g如实施例1或4所述制备的增溶剂最初通过磁力搅拌与1g表1中所列的挥发油或香料油混合。在连续搅拌下用滴管慢慢地加入软化水至总量为100g。获得的配方有下列组分:
1重量%的醚油或化妆油,
6重量%的增溶剂,
93重量%的水。
表1
实施例8防晒霜
增溶剂 | 醚油 | 配方表观 |
实施例1 | 云杉针油 | 蛋白色加溶物 |
实施例1 | 迷迭香油 | 蛋白色加溶物 |
实施例1 | 熏衣草油 | 澄清加溶物 |
实施例1 | 须后液“Minos”(Drom) | 蛋白色加溶物 |
实施例4 | 松针油 | 澄清加溶物 |
实施例4 | 熏衣草油 | 蛋白色加溶物 |
25g如实施例4中所述的二聚脂肪酸酯在大约60℃熔化,2.5g Uvnul防晒霜溶解在熔融物中。然后在搅拌下,小心加入62.5g双蒸水和10g丙三醇的60℃的混合物。生成澄清的溶液,在冷却至室温后,将它装瓶。药物制剂实施例9
安定注射液
400mg如实施例3中所述的二聚脂肪酸酯溶解在1.578mg的双蒸水中。然后将10mg的安定加入到增溶剂溶液中,搅拌直至药性物质溶解。溶液用2mg二硫化钠和10mg苯甲醇防腐,并过滤杀菌,按传统的方法装入注射瓶中。实施例10
17-β-雌二醇明胶胶囊
100mg的17-β-雌二醇和如实施例3中所述的熔融的二聚脂肪酸酯、80g熔融的PEG 6000和10g乙醇混合,然后以液态形式装入胶囊。实施例11
口服环孢素制剂(填充液体的胶囊)
100g环孢素A溶解在770g如实施例4中所述的二聚酯、100mL乙醇和75mL丙二醇中,,然后将粘性的澄清溶液装入胶囊。实施例12
用于胃肠外用药的安定乳液
160g如实施例4中所述的二聚脂肪酸酯溶解在660g双蒸水中。安定(10g)分散在1∶1的豆油和miglyol油(油相重200g)的混合物中。另外,用10g大豆油卵磷脂,它溶解在油相中。两相预分散,随后用高压匀化来乳化。实施例13
17-β-雌二醇片剂
10g 17-β-雌二醇与50g如实施例4中所述的二聚酯一起熔化。熔融物滑入940g ludipress上,然后,粒子和0.5g硬脂酸镁混合,得到的混合物被压成片剂。实施例14
含安定的粉剂
10g安定和400g作为增溶剂的如实施例4中所述的二聚脂肪酸酯溶解在乙醇中。然后加入并溶解作为载体的1,000g的山梨醇。除去溶剂,混合物在真空中干燥。实施例15
在17-β-雌二醇和克霉唑上获得的增溶效果
使用20重量%浓度增溶剂水溶液。本发明的增溶剂通过轻微的至多65℃的加热熔化,然后和药性物质混合。加入少量的pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液(USPⅩⅩⅢ),在室温下搅拌混合物直至药性物质达到饱和浓度。表2显示了在单一增溶剂溶液中药性物质达到的浓度。表2
*)数值指增溶的药性物质的重量百分数实施例16
化合物 | 17-β-雌二醇 | 克霉唑 |
pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液对比 | 0.0*) | 0.0 |
脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯(Tween80)对比 | 0.09 | 0.03 |
乙氧基化的蓖麻油(CremophorEL)对比 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
实施例1 | 0.14 | 0.25 |
实施例2 | 0.12 | 0.21 |
实施例3 | 0.18 | 0.35 |
实施例4 | 0.18 | 0.33 |
实施例5 | - | - |
实施例6 | 0.16 | 0.30 |
在RBC测试中溶血活性的测定
在兔子红细胞的RBC(红血细胞)测试中,测定了所要求的化合物的溶血活性(参见表3)。孵化期在室温下为60分钟。
表3
实施例17
化合物 | 磷酸盐缓冲液中1%浓度溶液的溶血 |
pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液 | 无 |
脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯(Tween80) | 无 |
乙氧基化的蓖麻油(CremophorEL) | 无 |
实施例1 | 无 |
实施例3 | 无 |
实施例4 | 无 |
实施例6 | 无 |
狗的耐受性
狗静脉注射5%浓度的所要求的化合物的水溶液后,检测血液组胺的释放量(表4)。表4
*)数值代表血液组胺的等级的值ng/ml
化合物 | 用药5分钟前 | 用药5分钟后 | 用药15分钟后 |
脱水山梨醇脂肪酯(Tween80) | 3*) | 14142 | 58065 |
Solutol HS15 | 5 | 138 | 220 |
实施例3 | 5 | 10 | 9 |
Claims (13)
1.使用聚合的脂肪酸衍生物或聚合的脂肪醇衍生物作为增溶剂的方法,所述的衍生物的制备方法是将聚合的C12~C110脂肪酸或C12~C110脂肪醇与选自多元醇、单糖、亚烷基二醇、聚(亚烷基二醇)和胺化聚(亚烷基二醇)的亲水性物质缩合。
其中变量独立地有下列含义:
A 含22~42个碳的二聚脂肪酸或二聚脂肪醇的残基;
B -C(=O)-或CH2-;
D -O-;
E -N(R3)-Y-;
X1 -CH2-CH2-O-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-,-CH(CH3)-OH2-O-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-,-CH2-CH(CH2-CH3)-O-;
Y -CH2-CH2-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-,-CH(CH3)-CH2-;
R1 H,C1~C20烷基,C2~C20烯基,C1~C12酰基;
R2 H,C1~C20烷基,C2~C20烯基,C1~C12酰基;
R3 H,C1~C20烷基,(C2~C20烯基,-[-X1-]n-R1;
m 0或1;
n 1~150;
u 0~20。
4. 如权利要求3所述的通式Ⅰa的化合物的使用方法,其中变量独立地有下述含义:
A 含30~38个碳的二聚脂肪酸或二聚脂肪醇的残基;
B -C(=O)-或CH2-;
D -O-;
X1 -CH2-CH2-O-,-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-;
R1 H,C1~C8烷基,C1~C8酰基;
R2 H,C1~C8烷基,C1~C8酰基;
m 0
n 5~50;
u 0~15。
5.如权利要求1~4任一所述的使用聚合脂肪酸衍生物或聚合脂肪醇衍生物在药剂或化妆品配方中作为增溶剂的方法。
6.如权利要求1~4任一所述的使用聚合脂肪酸衍生物或聚合脂肪醇衍生物在食品中作为增溶剂的方法。
7.一种药剂,其含至少一种如权利要求1~4任一所述的聚合脂肪酸衍生物或聚合脂肪醇衍生物作为增溶剂。
8.如权利要求7所述的药剂,另外含至少一种在水中难溶或不溶于水的药物活性物质。
9.如权利要求7和8所述的药剂,该药剂是胃肠外用药的方式。
10.一种化妆品,其含至少一种如权利要求1~4任一所述的聚合脂肪酸衍生物或聚合脂肪醇衍生物作为增溶剂。
11.如权利要求10所述的化妆品,另外含至少一种在水中难溶或不溶于水的化妆活性物质。
12.一种食品组合物,含至少一种如权利要求1~4任一所述的聚合脂肪酸衍生物或聚合脂肪醇衍生物作为增溶剂。
13.如权利要求13所述的食品组合物,另外含至少一种在水中难溶或不溶于水的维生素或类胡萝卜素。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19812152A DE19812152A1 (de) | 1998-03-20 | 1998-03-20 | Verwendung von polymerisierten Fettsäurederivaten und Fettalkoholderivaten als Solubilisatoren |
DE19812152.0 | 1998-03-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1234277A true CN1234277A (zh) | 1999-11-10 |
Family
ID=7861596
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CN99105535A Pending CN1234277A (zh) | 1998-03-20 | 1999-03-20 | 聚合的脂肪酸衍生物和脂肪醇衍生物作为增溶剂的应用 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0943340A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH11347394A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1234277A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE19812152A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8080257B2 (en) | 2000-12-12 | 2011-12-20 | L'oreal S.A. | Cosmetic compositions containing at least one hetero polymer and at least one film-forming silicone resin and methods of using |
JP2002275020A (ja) * | 2001-03-22 | 2002-09-25 | Nippon Fine Chem Co Ltd | 油剤及びこれを含有する化粧料及び外用剤 |
US20050008598A1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2005-01-13 | Shaoxiang Lu | Cosmetic compositions comprising a structuring agent, silicone powder and swelling agent |
GB0213818D0 (en) * | 2002-06-17 | 2002-07-24 | Ici Plc | Dispersions |
AR054227A1 (es) | 2005-02-21 | 2007-06-13 | Basf Ag | Composicion de principios activos |
DE102005023803A1 (de) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-11-23 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von festen Blends aus Polyvinylpyrrolidonen und ethoxilierten Fettsäurederivaten |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3600263A1 (de) * | 1986-01-08 | 1987-07-09 | Hoechst Ag | Mit fettsaeuren modifizierte polyester, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung zur erhoehung der viskositaet in tensidhaltigen praeparaten |
JP3294443B2 (ja) * | 1994-09-13 | 2002-06-24 | 太陽化学株式会社 | 可溶化剤および可溶化組成物 |
DE19505100A1 (de) * | 1995-02-15 | 1996-08-22 | Basf Ag | Alk(en)yldicarbonsäurebisester, deren Verwendung sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
-
1998
- 1998-03-20 DE DE19812152A patent/DE19812152A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-03-11 EP EP99104859A patent/EP0943340A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-03-20 CN CN99105535A patent/CN1234277A/zh active Pending
- 1999-03-23 JP JP11078609A patent/JPH11347394A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP0943340A1 (de) | 1999-09-22 |
DE19812152A1 (de) | 1999-09-23 |
JPH11347394A (ja) | 1999-12-21 |
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