CN1231652A - 将含铁残渣转化为合成岩石的方法 - Google Patents

将含铁残渣转化为合成岩石的方法 Download PDF

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CN1231652A
CN1231652A CN97198337A CN97198337A CN1231652A CN 1231652 A CN1231652 A CN 1231652A CN 97198337 A CN97198337 A CN 97198337A CN 97198337 A CN97198337 A CN 97198337A CN 1231652 A CN1231652 A CN 1231652A
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slag
weight part
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blast furnace
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J·弗利根
A·范登布兰登
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Umicore NV SA
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/02Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
    • C04B18/021Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates agglomerated by a mineral binder, e.g. cement
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/08Slag cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/14Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/18Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mixtures of the silica-lime type
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及将来自有色金属工业过程的含铁残渣转化为合成岩石的方法,包括使1份湿残渣与至少0.1重量份碎高炉渣和至少0.1重量份碎转炉渣混合;向该混合物中加水,制得一种粘稠浆料;在保持湿润情况下,使该浆料硬化至制成的岩石可用于建筑目的。

Description

将含铁残渣转化为合成岩石的方法
本发明涉及将得自有色金属工业过程的含铁残渣转化为合成岩石的方法。
含铁残渣是有色金属工业特别是锌加工工业的一种典型副产物。事实上,熟知的锌生产技术包括硫酸锌溶液的电解。电解前必须从该溶液中除去的主要杂质之一是铁。为此目的,将铁从该溶液中沉淀并分离出去。分离去的残渣含有起始溶液中存在的大部分铁、大量的铅、砷、氧化硅和残余的锌。取决于分离前后的不同条件,残渣中的铁以黄钾铁矾、针铁矿、赤铁矿或磁铁矿的形式而获得。它们之中尤以黄钾铁矾和针铁矿无商业价值,并认为是有害废物。其废物处理的场址需慎重考虑,防止受浸出物的浸染。
有害工业废物的稳定和固化是一项受广泛关注的环境技术,在Chemtech的J.R.科纳“有害废物的稳定化”(1993.12)的第35-44页上有一般描述。很多无机的稳定和固化技术使用凝硬性反应,即,在波特兰水泥在CaO、Al2O3、SiO2、MgO和Fe2O3之间形成复杂的水硬性系统时发生的反应类型。
该技术在锌工业中的已知应用描述于EP-A-0031667。该文件具体涉及黄钾铁矾的处理,并提出一种通过与含钙水泥粉和氧化铝、氧化硅基粉(飞灰)相混合,使其固化的方法。其产品具有申请专利的压缩强度:28天固化后为0.64MNm-2,并显示低的浸出性。
然而,这种黄钾铁矾处理方法有如下缺点:
-得到的产品压缩强度较低,使之只适于垛放而不适于建筑工业;
-未提及重要的铅的浸出性问题;和
-使用大量波特兰水泥,使其经济性变差。
本发明的目的在于将得自有色金属工业的含铁残渣转化为合成岩石,这可避免EP-A-0031667中所公开方法的缺点。
为此,按本发明:
-使1份湿残渣与至少1重量份粉碎的高炉渣和至少0.1重量份粉碎的转炉渣相混合;
-向该混合物中加水,得到一种粘糊;及
-让该粘糊在保湿下硬化,使得获得的岩石可用于建筑目的。
事实上已经发现,作为炼铁炼钢工业的副产品的高炉渣和转炉渣,当它们与含铁残渣混合时,可用作特别有效的凝硬反应剂:在硬化后可获得一种可与混凝土硬度相仿的高硬度;该产品还显示低的可浸出性、低孔隙度和好的抗冻性,使之适用于建筑目的。
无庸多言,钢铁工业的高炉渣和转炉渣均是极廉价的反应剂。事实上,转炉渣是无市场价值的废物,发现这些废渣的应用是对环境有额外的益处。
特别有兴趣的是铅的浸出性低,否则它会带来有害的环境问题,并抑制其作为建筑材料制品的应用。据信铅的不溶性是由于在高炉渣中硫化物的存在。因此申请专利保护的方法不仅使残渣得以包封,还实现了至少某些组分的化学结合。
例如针铁矿这样的残渣据认为是待认真水洗的,该步骤是锌处理流程的一个组成部分。水洗的目的在于回收残余的可溶锌。并将其循环至锌厂中。
残渣粉碎成小于500μm是有利的;优选小于250μm,更优选小于125μm。粗颗粒的反应性差,但也允许其与较细颗粒共存,因为它们会机械地嵌入产品中。
高炉渣一般含游离CaO的量较低,因为其中的Al2O3主SiO2的含量高,它们与CaO相结合是人所共知的。高炉渣中典型的浓度范围为(重量%):25-45 SiO2、6-20 Al2O3、0-5 Fe、0-10 MnO、30-50 CaO、2-11 MgO和0.1-5硫化物。
转炉渣由于Al2O3和SiO2含量较低,因而一般游离CaO含量较高,转炉渣内典型的浓度范围为(wt%):5-25 SiO2、0-5 Al2O3、5-25Fe、2-15 MnO、30-60 CaO和0-5 MgO。
高炉渣和转炉渣的总量优选为每份湿残渣至少0.4份。当使用每份湿残渣至少0.2份高炉渣和至少0.2份转炉渣时,可得到优异结果。然而,当使用每份湿残渣至少0.4份高炉渣和至少0.4份转炉渣时,可得到最好的结果。
相对于每份湿残渣使用大于2份高炉渣和转炉渣是不可取的,因为这会增加进行本发明的方法所需设备的投资成本。相对于每份湿残渣使用不大于1份高炉渣和转炉渣甚至也是优选的,相对于每份湿残渣使用不大于0.8份高炉渣和转炉渣甚至更优选的。
为了缩短固化时间,向该混合物中或向浆料中加入不多于0.1份水泥,尤其是波特兰水泥可能是有用的。
由本发明方法得到的合成岩石可被用于例如护栏的建筑中。它也可粉碎后用于生产卵石,可用于道路建筑,或用于建筑工业中生产混凝土。
在本发明方法的一个特定实施方案中,其浆料可让其部分硬化,然后再破碎为适当大小,如卵石大小,然后让其完全硬化。
该硬化优选在浆料浸在水下时进行。
本发明也涉及包含按本发明方法生产的合成岩石的建筑材料。
现在用下述实施例对本发明加以说明。
在实例中用的高炉渣是钢铁工业中常规产生的炉渣。所用的转炉渣是由Linz和Donawitz(LD)转炉过程生产的。这些实施例中,使用了符合表1分析结果的渣和符合表2分析结果的针铁矿。该针铁矿的水份含量为45%。
                      表1:渣分析
    组分           干重%
    高炉渣     转炉渣
    SiO2     30.4     13.3
    Al2O3     10     1.43
    Fe     2.3     18
    MnO     .18     3.8
    CaO     43     51
    MgO     9.29     1.7
    P2O5     <0.005     2.5
    S2-     1.1     0.06
           表2:针铁矿分析
    组分     干重%
    Fe     37.4
    Pb     1.7
    Si     1.8
    Cu     0.5
    Cd     0.08
    As     0.5
    Zn     6.7
    SO4 2-     1.8
实施例1
相对于1份湿针铁矿,加入1重量份高炉渣和0.5重量份的转炉渣。将这些渣粉碎成150μm或小于150μm。将这些组分混合,加入适量水制成粘稠性浆料。使该浆料在水下硬化2个月。制成的产品既极硬又很惰性。其硬度和可浸出性结果总结于下表3。实施例2
相对于1份湿针铁矿,加入0.5重量份高炉渣和0.75重量份的转炉渣。将这些渣粉碎成150μm或小于150μm。将这些组分混合,加入适量水制成粘稠性浆料。使该浆料在水下硬化2个月。制成的产品既极硬又很惰性。其硬度和可浸出性结果总结于下表3。实施例3
相对于1份湿针铁矿,仅加入0.1重量份高炉渣和0.5重量份的转炉渣。将这些渣粉碎成150μm或小于150μm。将这些组分混合,加入适量水制成粘稠性浆料。使该浆料在水下硬化2个月。制成的产品较硬且完全惰性。该相对硬度使该产品仍然适用于建筑目的,例如道路建筑。其硬度和可浸出性结果总结于下表3。
         表3:实施例1-3的结果
实施例号 硬度MNm-2                    可浸出性mg/L
 Zn  Pb  As  Cu  Cd     Fe
    1     40 <0.5 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2     <1
    2     41 <0.5 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2     <1
    3     25 <0.5 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2     <1
上表中所报告的硬度是强制硬度(constrained hardness),可浸出性按DIN S4规范测量。

Claims (12)

1.将来自有色金属工业过程的含铁残渣转化为合成岩石的方法,其特征在于:
-使1份湿残渣与至少0.1重量份碎高炉渣和至少0.1重量份碎转炉渣混合;
-向该混合物中加水,制得一种粘稠浆料;
-在保持湿润情况下,使该浆料硬化至制成的岩石可用于建筑目的。
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于该含铁残渣是针铁矿。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于相对于1份湿残渣,使用至少0.4份的总渣量。
4.权利要求1-3之任一项的方法,其特征在于相对于1份湿残渣,使用至少0.2重量份高炉渣和0.2重量份转炉渣,优选使用至少各0.4重量份的渣。
5.权利要求1-4之任一项的方法,其特征在于相对于1份湿残渣,使用不超过2重量份高炉渣和0.2重量份转炉渣,优选使用不超过各1重量份的渣。
6.权利要求1-5之任一项的方法,其特征在于相对于1份湿残渣,使用不超过各0.8重量份的渣。
7.权利要求1-6之任一项的方法,其特征在于这些渣被粉碎到小于500μm的粒度,优选小于250μm、最好小于125μm的粒度。
8.权利要求1-7之任一项的方法,其特征在于相对于1份湿残渣,加入该混合物或浆料量的0.1份以下的水泥。
9.权利要求1-8之任一项的方法,其特征在于将该合成岩石破碎以生产卵石。
10.权利要求1-8之任一项的方法,其特征在于使所述浆料首先部分硬化,然后破碎至合适粒度,再使之完全硬化。
11.权利要求1-10之任一项的方法,其特征在于在使所述浆料保持浸于水下的同时使之硬化。
12.含有权利要求1-11之任一项的方法制得的合成岩石的建筑材料。
CN97198337A 1996-09-30 1997-09-22 将含铁残渣转化为合成岩石的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1073057C (zh)

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CN105236899B (zh) * 2015-09-25 2018-07-24 湖南省小尹无忌环境能源科技开发有限公司 一种电解锌酸浸渣资源化无害化利用方法

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CA2266011C (en) 2006-06-13
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ES2150231T3 (es) 2000-11-16
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ZA978708B (en) 1998-09-10
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NO322979B1 (no) 2006-12-18
DE69702533D1 (de) 2000-08-17
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KR20000048702A (ko) 2000-07-25
AU5049398A (en) 1998-04-24
BR9712153A (pt) 1999-08-31
JP2001501160A (ja) 2001-01-30
JP4092667B2 (ja) 2008-05-28
CA2266011A1 (en) 1998-04-09

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