CN1225689A - 冷加工操作工具 - Google Patents

冷加工操作工具 Download PDF

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CN1225689A
CN1225689A CN97196556A CN97196556A CN1225689A CN 1225689 A CN1225689 A CN 1225689A CN 97196556 A CN97196556 A CN 97196556A CN 97196556 A CN97196556 A CN 97196556A CN 1225689 A CN1225689 A CN 1225689A
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cobalt
tool
carbon content
boronation
surf zone
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迈克尔·约翰·卡彭特
加里·威廉·斯威特曼
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Sandvik AB
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/04—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbonitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
    • B21C25/02—Dies
    • B21C25/025—Selection of materials therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels
    • B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/04—Shaping in the rough solely by forging or pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K5/00—Making tools or tool parts, e.g. pliers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K5/00—Making tools or tool parts, e.g. pliers
    • B21K5/20—Making working faces of dies, either recessed or outstanding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/27—Cutters, for shaping comprising tool of specific chemical composition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y10T428/252—Glass or ceramic [i.e., fired or glazed clay, cement, etc.] [porcelain, quartz, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

在碳化钨－钴硬质合金上形成一个改进的硬的耐磨表面区域。这是通过在含氮化硼的环境中对适当组合物的硬质金属进行后烧结热处理而实现的。当所述的热处理是针对通过选择适当的化学组成和加工条件而预先烧结得到高碳含量的硬质金属时,这种效果最为显著。

Description

冷加工操作工具
本发明涉及一种冷加工操作工具。
硬质合金产品被用于各种材料，例如钢、铜合金以及复合材料等的各种不同的冷加工操作工具中。此类工具的例子有拔丝模，它是由热装于钢固定架中的硬质合金尖头所组成的。此种工具必须具有硬的和抗磨损的表面区域，并且还需要具有下述性能：
-良好的导热性。
-较低的磨擦系数(即，其可能是自润滑的或用冷却剂助润滑)。
-良好的抗腐蚀性。
-抗微观裂缝性。
-很高的刚性。
当将硬质合金用于将例如铜或其合金成型的工具中时，在硬质金属的粘合剂金属和富含铜的合金之间可能会发生化学反应。为了使钴粘合剂相的化学磨损最小化并改善抗磨损性，在此种应用场合下，将一种钴含量为约3％并且颗粒大小小于3微米的钴(粘合剂)用于硬质金属中。通常选择接近形成η相的低碳含量。为维持很小的颗粒尺寸，使用VC,Cr3C2等颗粒生长抑制剂。
为了进一步提高抗磨损性，通常将工具的磨损表面进行硼化。硼化处理通常是按如下方式进行的：在所述的表面上施加一种含有硼化合物例如硼金属、BN、B4C等的有机或无机材料的膏状物，并于氩气氛中在800-1100℃进行热处理。在这一处理过程中，在硬质金属工具的表面区域引入一薄的具有浓度梯度的区域。在该处理过程中，表面钴的浓度降低而形成富含硼的相。这使得上面所述的表面区域既具有更高的硬度和刚性，同时抗热爆裂的能力更好。其结果是，所述的处理使得硬度和刚性得到改善，并因此使得抗磨损性得到提高。当表面层被腐蚀时，再进行同样的处理，也可以达到这一效果。将磨损的表面层抛光，施加含硼的膏状物并进行热处理。在工具丧失其固有的钻的几何形状而不能再使用之前，通常可以将其重复进行多次处理。这是此类工具使用寿命的决定因素。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种冷加工操作工具，该工具具有更高的硬度和刚性，并因此具有更高的抗磨损性。
图1所示为一拉丝模，其中A为硬质合金尖头，B为钢框架。
图2所示为现有技术中的尖头的硼化表面区域放大1500倍的显微照片。
图3所示为按照本发明的尖头的硼化表面区域放大1500倍的显微照片。
现在已经很惊奇地发现，如果冷加工操作工具是下述的硬质合金制得的，所述的硬质合金含有平均颗粒粒径为1.5-2μm的WC和含有5-7％，优选为约6％(重量)的Co，并且相对于石墨沉淀相来说碳含量接近饱和水平，就钴磁性测量来说，92-98％的磁性即可以假定为纯钴，则所得到的具有改进的性能的工具的使用寿命比现有技术的工具的使用寿命增加三倍。所述的工具采用现有技术方法进行硼化。当然，其可以如前所述进行重复处理。
本发明还涉及具有硼化表面区域的硬质合金的应用，所述的硬质合金含有平均颗粒粒径为1.5-2μm的WC和含有5-7％，优选为约6％(重量)的Co，并且相对于石墨沉淀相来说碳含量接近饱和水平，就钴磁性测量来说，92-98％的磁性即可以假定为纯钴。
这一意想不到的巨大的改进的原因还不是完全清楚。据信，是由于其硬度增加的表面区域与高度刚性的下部基体相结合的结果。由于在800-1100℃的硼化处理，对固相中的碳一钴有一种推动，使得表面区域出现一浓度梯度，从而使表面区域具有体积增加的硬质相，减少的粘合剂相，使工作表面具有对于摩擦系数改进的表面条件和耐微观裂缝性。此外，在表面区的下面形成一个钴含量增加的更刚性的相，它增加了工具的刚性。对比图2和图3。
实施例
图1所示的钢丝拔丝模是按照如下所述制备的：
A．WC-3％Co，亚微米级颗粒尺寸，以VC作为颗粒生长抑制剂，图2为现有技术，其钴磁性测量值，CoM，为2.7％；
B．WC-6％Co，颗粒尺寸为1.5-2μm，低碳含量，CoM=4.7％；
C．WC-6％Co，颗粒尺寸为1.5-2μm，中碳含量，CoM=5.3％；
D．WC-6％Co，颗粒尺寸为1.5-2μm，高碳含量，图3,CoM=5.7％；
E．WC-6％Co，颗粒尺寸为2-3.5μm，高碳含量，CoM=5.8％；
F．WC-6％Co，亚微米级颗粒尺寸，碳化铬作为颗粒生长抑制。剂，CoM=5.2％；
G．WC-6％Co，颗粒尺寸为1.5-2μm，含有碳化铬，CoM=5.4％。
将得到的工具进行钢丝线拔丝试验，得到如下结果。相对于现有技术中尖头A，性能指数与通过不同的尖头拉出来的产品(丝)的数量相关联，以批量拉出来的丝的长度计。
        性能指数A，现有技术    1B，非本发明    0.2C，非本发明    0.25D，本发明      3E，非本发明    0.25F，非本发明    0.20G，非本发明    0.20
从实施例可以很明显看出，只有适当选择Co含量、WC颗粒粒径以及碳含量，才有可能获得意想不到的效果。

Claims (3)

1、用于冷加工操作的具有硼化表面区域的硬质合金工具，其特征在于所述的硬质合金含有平均颗粒粒径为1.5-2μm的WC和含有5-7％，优选为约6％(重量)的Co，并且碳含量接近饱和水平，就钴磁性测量来说，92-98％的磁性即可以假定为纯钴。
2、具有硼化表面区域的硬质合金工具在冷加工操作中的应用，其中所述的硬质合金含有平均颗粒粒径为1.5-2μm的WC和含有5-7％，优选为约6％(重量)的Co，并且碳含量接近饱和水平，就钴磁性测量来说，92-98％的磁性即可以假定为纯钴。
3、按照权利要求2所述的硬质合金工具作为拔丝尖头的应用。
CN97196556A 1996-07-19 1997-07-11 冷加工操作工具 Pending CN1225689A (zh)

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SE9602814A SE506949C2 (sv) 1996-07-19 1996-07-19 Hårdmetallverktyg med borerad ytzon och användning av detta för kallbearbetningsoperationer
SE96028147 1996-07-19

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US (1) US5948523A (zh)
EP (1) EP0914487A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2000514723A (zh)
KR (1) KR20000067932A (zh)
CN (1) CN1225689A (zh)
SE (1) SE506949C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO1998003689A1 (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1296518C (zh) * 2001-05-16 2007-01-24 韦狄亚有限公司 复合材料及其制备方法
CN112969674A (zh) * 2018-10-30 2021-06-15 瑞典海博恩材料与技术有限公司 烧结体硼化的方法和用于冷成型操作的工具及具有硼化烧结体的中空耐磨零件

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6478887B1 (en) * 1998-12-16 2002-11-12 Smith International, Inc. Boronized wear-resistant materials and methods thereof
SE519603C2 (sv) * 1999-05-04 2003-03-18 Sandvik Ab Sätt att framställa hårdmetall av pulver WC och Co legerat med korntillväxthämmare
SE518890C2 (sv) 2000-09-27 2002-12-03 Sandvik Ab Hårdmetallverktyg för kallbearbetningsoperationer
WO2005056854A1 (en) * 2003-12-15 2005-06-23 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Cemented carbide tools for mining and construction applications and method of making the same
ES2301959T3 (es) * 2003-12-15 2008-07-01 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Placa de carburo cementado y metodo para su fabricacion.
SE529013C2 (sv) * 2005-05-27 2007-04-10 Sandvik Intellectual Property Hårdmetall för verktyg för kallbearbetning av dryckesburkar, samt användning av sådan hårdmetall i verktyg för kallbearbetning
EP2969326A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2016-01-20 Sandvik Intellectual Property AB Method of joining sintered parts of different sizes and shapes
JP2015107525A (ja) * 2014-12-18 2015-06-11 住友電気工業株式会社 回転ツール
CN108788770B (zh) * 2018-06-12 2020-04-07 苏州强基电磁强化科技有限公司 立方氮化硼刀片加工寿命的提高方法及装置

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US3915757A (en) * 1972-08-09 1975-10-28 Niels N Engel Ion plating method and product therefrom
GB1414026A (en) * 1972-11-16 1975-11-12 Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk Method of electrolytically forming a layer of chromium carbide and/or chromium boride
SE415199B (sv) * 1977-09-28 1980-09-15 Sandvik Ab Med borerad ytzon forsedd sintrad hardmetallkropp
FR2450286A1 (fr) * 1979-02-27 1980-09-26 Armines Procede et dispositif de boruration de pieces en metal
US4268582A (en) * 1979-03-02 1981-05-19 General Electric Company Boride coated cemented carbide
US5116416A (en) * 1988-03-11 1992-05-26 Vermont American Corporation Boron-treated hard metal
US4961780A (en) * 1988-06-29 1990-10-09 Vermont American Corporation Boron-treated hard metal

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1296518C (zh) * 2001-05-16 2007-01-24 韦狄亚有限公司 复合材料及其制备方法
CN112969674A (zh) * 2018-10-30 2021-06-15 瑞典海博恩材料与技术有限公司 烧结体硼化的方法和用于冷成型操作的工具及具有硼化烧结体的中空耐磨零件

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KR20000067932A (ko) 2000-11-25
WO1998003689A1 (en) 1998-01-29
SE9602814D0 (sv) 1996-07-19
JP2000514723A (ja) 2000-11-07
US5948523A (en) 1999-09-07
SE506949C2 (sv) 1998-03-09
EP0914487A1 (en) 1999-05-12
SE9602814L (sv) 1998-01-20

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