CN1220425C

CN1220425C - Screening method for breeding strong cold-resisting new rice variety

Info

Publication number: CN1220425C
Application number: CN 02145367
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈大洲; 肖叶青
Original assignee: RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF JIANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Current assignee: RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF JIANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Priority date: 2002-11-21
Filing date: 2002-11-21
Publication date: 2005-09-28
Anticipated expiration: 2022-11-21
Also published as: CN1411701A

Abstract

The present invention discloses a selecting method for cultivating a strong cold-resisting new rice variety. The present invention adopts a wild rice as a female parent and a cultivated rice as a male parent to carry out sexual hybridization; the obtained hybrid (F0) is planted to harvest F1 seeds which are cultivated into seedlings with two leaves and one core; after treated for 48 to 72 hours in a refrigerator or a biologic cultivation box of-2 to +1 DEG C, the seedlings are placed in a room with ordinary temperature for restoring for 5 to 10 days, and then the living seedlings are transplanted into a field; after the seedlings grow up and ripen, the roots hibernate and are selected at low temperature of-5 to +1 DEG C; the hibernated plants with regeneration capacity are hybridized or undergo backcross in the period of sprouting ear; the progeny is processed and selected in and outside a room at low temperature of-5 to +1 DEG C, and finally the strong cold-resisting new rice variety is obtained through pedigree selection. Because the rice selecting method of the present invention adopts a double low temperature pressurizing method to select the cold-resisting plants in each generation, blindness in the process of selection is reduced, forseeability is enhanced, the defects of labor waste and time waste in distant hybridization descendant, especially in low generation large group planting selection, are overcome, and seed breeding efficiency is enhanced greatly.

Description

The screening technique of the strong cold resistant paddy rice new varieties of a kind of seed selection

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of crops screening novel method for cultivating, relate in particular to the screening technique of the strong cold resistant paddy rice new varieties of a kind of seed selection.

Background technology

The paddy rice chilling injury is a worldwide problem, and is particularly outstanding in Japan, Korea S, the U.S. and China.Chilling injury is that one of principal element of influencing rice high yield, stable yields, high-quality not only is the formidable enemy who threatens Rice Production in the north, and also having a strong impact on early rice grow seedlings heading flowering and grouting with late rice in south, China every year is because of hundred million kilograms of chilling injury loss paddy 30-50.Facts have proved that the genetic improvement that carries out the rice varieties cold resistance is to prevent to damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature most economical valid approach.China rice breeding worker, be devoted to the rice cold tolerance breeding research always, some more cold-resistant kinds have been bred, but because the poorness of strong cold-resistant resource material, still be difficult to select strong cold-resistant new rice variety, so the low temperature of paddy rice harm is never solved preferably, late fall, Cold Dew wind was done sth. in advance, rice yield reduces about 10%, and No kernels or seeds are gathered, as in a year of scarcity when serious.Domestic and international research proves, desires to breed strong cold-resistant kind, at first needs excellent anti-source.The many important economical character of wild rice as disease resistance, anti-cold etc., can be applied on rice breeding.

But because the hybridization of wild rice and cultivated rice belongs to distant hybridization, offspring's separating degree is big, in select rate low, and the important useful proterties in the wild rice sometimes with the bad linkage of characters, this has caused obstacle to the application of wild rice in breeding.

China's science retainer of a big family grain husk is used hybrid method in nineteen twenty-nine, cultivated rice and common wild-rice (O.rufipogon) hybridization, selected No. a kind in middle mountain, obtain large-area applying (Lin Shicheng, Min Shaokai chief editor aborning, 1971, rice in China kind and pedigree thereof, Shanghai science and technology version society, P254-256).The scientist of International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) once obtained the hybrid between Ni Wala wild rice (O.nivana) and cultivated rice, and cultivate short series of products (the kush GS of anti-grass, Diseasdand insect resistance in rice 1977, Adv Agron, 29:265-341).The seventies, China paddy rice worker changes the cytoplasmic male sterile gene of common wild-rice (O.vufipogon) in the cultivated rice over to first, has realized that " three are " of indica hybrid rice is supporting, thereby makes the rice heterosis utilization must be in realization.The eighties, people find the gene xa-21 of bacterial blight-resisting again in long medicine wild rice (O.longistaminata), and it is transferred in the cultivated rice, the nineties, people found two QTL gene locis (yld1, yld2) again in common wild-rice (O.rafipogon), it is effect (the rice in China institute science that the high-yield hybrid rice of 80kg/hm2 becomes excellent 64 volume increase about 18% that each gene loci has than daily output potentiality, 2000,14 (2): 103-106).

In the past, for the anti-cold kind of breeding rice, used crossbreeding, methods such as pyramiding breeding, these breeding methods are selected with the large group kind, and are very time-consuming, take a lot of work, require great effort, efficiency of selection is low, blindness is bigger, seed selection to become new varieties that meet breeding objective, and breeding time is long, 10 years at least, at most about 20 years.Trace it to its cause, be because strong cold resistance is than the complex quantitative proterties, it relates to main the effect and little effect two big resistance systems, shows the different reactions of damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature at each growthdevelopmental stage, and the organ of respectively growing is anti-and also different to the influence degree of whole vine growth and development to hanging down of low temperature.Utilizing the existing conventional breeding method is that difficult strong cold-resistant hereditary capacity with wild rice is attached in the cultivated rice.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, propose the strong cold resistance rice breeding of a kind of seed selection screening technique,, promptly reduce the blindness of breeding, shorten breeding time to improve the efficient of cold resistance breeding.

The present invention implements by the following technical solutions: be maternal with the Dongxiang Wild Rice, cultivated rice japonica rice is male parent, sexual hybridization, to obtain hybrid (F0) plants, the F1 seed of results is turned out two leaves wholeheartedly, ℃ handle 48-72 hour in refrigerator or bio-incubator-2～+ 1 after, be placed under the normal temperature laboratory and recovered 5～10 days, live transplantation of seedlings to the land for growing field crops, after the growth and maturity, stay the root and stem of certain plants screening of under natural low temperature-5～+ 1 ℃, surviving the winter, can cross the plant that survives the winter with regeneration power, between heading stage, reestablish diplomatic relations again or backcross, its offspring carries out indoor and outdoor low temperature-5～+ 1 ℃ processing screening again, pedigree is selected, and obtains strong cold-resistant new varieties at last.The optimum value of related temperature is 0 ℃ in the above-mentioned screening technique.

Strong cold-resistant new rice variety (being) 4913-1 that obtains by Dongxiang Wild Rice and cultivated rice japonica rice of the present invention is for obtaining first.Be brand-new strong cold resistance germplasm.Because carrying out each, " dual " low temperature pressurization screens strong cold-resistant strain from generation to generation, reduced seed selection process blindness, strengthen foresight, overcome the taking a lot of work of the especially low large group from generation to generation of distant hybrid progeny plantation screening, effort, time-consuming drawback, improved breeding efficiency widely.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1:

With the Dongxiang Wild Rice is maternal, cultivated rice japonica rice is male parent, sexual hybridization, plantation F1 (first generation of hybrid), gather in the crops seed more than 3000 from the F1 plant, these seeds are placed under the normal temperature seed soaking 48 hours, 30 ℃ are broken chest vernalization in insulating box, seeds germinated is placed on the indoor window limit grows then, are preferably in outdoor growth, when growing to 2 leaves, 1 heart, be placed on refrigerator or bio-incubator and handle after 48 hours for interior 0 ℃, take out and be placed on normal temperature recovery growth in following 6 days, transplantation of seedlings alive is to the land for growing field crops, after the maturation, the following 0 ℃ of screening of surviving the winter of root and stem of certain plants natural conditions is stayed in harvesting.By the plant that survives the winter, have regeneration power, transplant and concentrate on lot, at heading stage, reestablish diplomatic relations or backcross.Reestablish diplomatic relations or backcross after the plantation from generation to generation, the results seed carries out the plant that two zero degrees in indoor and outdoor (0 ℃) processing screening can be survived the winter again, and each carries out the pedigree selection from generation to generation later on, can obtain strong cold new varieties (being).

Compare with the method in the traditional paddy rice seed selection process, advantage of the present invention mainly shows in the following areas:

(1) adopting " dual " low temperature pressurization is unconventional low temperature screening technique, can carry out the evaluation and screening of bulk materials, and letter is and easily capable, and effect is splendid.

(2) in breeding process, can effectively identify and control the plant of carrying strong cold resistance hereditary basis.

(3) can effectively the strong cold resistance in the Dongxiang Wild Rice be transferred in the cultivated rice.

Claims

1, the strong cold resistant paddy rice new varieties of a kind of seed selection method for screening, it is characterized in that: be maternal with the Dongxiang Wild Rice, cultivated rice japonica rice is male parent, sexual hybridization, to obtain hybrid (F0) plants, the F1 seed of results, turn out two leaves wholeheartedly, after ℃ handling 48～72 hours in refrigerator or bio-incubator-2～+ 1, be placed on normal temperature laboratory under and recovered 5～10 days, the land for growing field crops is arrived in the transplantation of seedlings of living, after the growth and maturity, stay the root and stem of certain plants screening of under natural low temperature-5～+ 1 ℃, surviving the winter, can cross the plant that survives the winter, between heading stage with regeneration power, reestablish diplomatic relations again or backcross, its offspring carries out indoor and outdoor low temperature-5～+ 1 ℃ processing screening again, and pedigree is selected, and obtains strong cold-resistant new varieties at last.

2, the screening technique of the strong cold resistant paddy rice new varieties of seed selection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the optimum value of related temperature is 0 ℃ in the above-mentioned screening technique.