CN1217891A

CN1217891A - High density combination dry hay and haylage livestock feed

Info

Publication number: CN1217891A
Application number: CN97126002A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 约翰·M·冈伯斯; 摩西·利施诺
Original assignee: ACX Trading Inc
Current assignee: A·C·X·贸易有限公司; ACX Trading Inc
Priority date: 1997-11-21
Filing date: 1997-11-24
Publication date: 1999-06-02
Also published as: JPH11168957A; CA2221934C; KR100264812B1; JP2966383B2; CA2221934A1; AU690503B1; KR19990041807A

Abstract

A method of making a mixed feed livestock cargo unit suitable for long distance shipping mixes dry fodder with fermented silage in a ratio proportioned to produce a mixed feed product having a net moisture content in the range of from 15% to 40%. The mixed feed product is compressed and then sealed in an airtight bag for shipment. The mixed feed livestock cargo unit has a density in the range of from 500 to 700 kg/m3 and preferably has a weight in the range of from 30 to 50 kilograms.

Description

The combination of highdensity haylage and warm ensilage

The present invention relates to prescription, packing and the shipment of highdensity animal feeding-stuff, particularly a kind of high density animal feeding-stuff that contains fermented feed, and be suitable for long distance shipment and the device and method of these feeds of packing that bottom line damages when handling.

Traditional animal feeding-stuff packing and storage have some different modes, prevailing a kind of be the form of haylage, wherein cut off feed and dry, be usually to pack then.Feed wherein is that this class crops cuts under the high-temperature condition such as cereal or clover or other haylage, chops off and ensiling is raised so that send out.The another kind of form of animal feeding-stuff is finally chopped off and the particle or the square one of the feed of extruding out are preserved under drying regime, preserved and load and transport.Each form of feed all has advantage and the shortcoming of himself.

The shipment of long distance, particularly to overseas long distance shipment, shipment property is crucial problem but the animal feeding-stuff keeping quality reaches economically.In history, two kinds of specifications of dry feed-haylage and square feed or pellet-had only.Pellet has high relatively density, keeps dry and can preserve for a long time as long as reach, but the production cost height.The haylage of packing is a feed form slightly cheaply, might as well storage and shipment as long as keep dry, but haylage also has low-density, so its this pellet height of shipment cost relatively.Yet in the past ten years, more and more generally adopt double compression haylage and increase shipment efficient.The haylage of double compression is more and more usual from the foreign country that the U.S. is shipped to suitable shortage production of fodder ability.

In order to preserve the haylage class, even preserve the haylage class in large quantities, be used for the shipment of long distance, these haylages must bone dry.Otherwise these haylages can mildew, mouldy, oxidation and decomposition, can generate heat even owing to spontaneous combustion is burnt.For trans-oceanic shipment in airtight cargo container, the moisture content of haylage should be lower than about 12%.The packing haylage of double compression generally focuses in the scope of every cubic feet of 20-30 pound.

Haylage has several shortcomings, and the such processing procedure of the first has reduced the feed value of haylage, and this feed is little by little rotten continuously in the whole time.Another shortcoming is that the haylage mouthfeel is bad, not as fresh haylage is is easily digested and assimilated.Particle and square feed are also good unlike it in this.

Animal feeding-stuff is preserved also more and more common with the form of ensilage, such as crops of chopping off or jowar, or wet ensilage, wet ensilage is exactly the wet forage of chopping off, below for convenience, this class is referred to as ensilage, except the wet ensilage of explanation.The storage mechanism that is used for ensilage is different from the mechanism of haylage fully.These feeds are ensilings, that is, these feeds are chopped off and filled in tightly in the bunker or store in the kiln, in the polybag or in other sealable container, and preserve by fermentation.The feed of ensilage class must contain very high moisture content, surpasses 40% and preferably about 60% moisture content.Basically be in airfree environment, to make the wet feed fermentation of chopping off, be formed with the acid and the alcohol that help preserve ensilage.

Ensilage has several advantages with respect to haylage.The first, the ensilage method of preserving feed has kept very a high proportion of feed prototroph to be worth.And the feed of this ensiling keeps very long one period cycle time with high nutrition.The second, the ensilage mouthfeel is good and be easy to be absorbed by livestock.Because it is moistening and soft, livestock chews ensilage or wet ensilage at an easy rate; This feed mouthfeel is good, absorbed by livestock at an easy rate, so ensilage class feed is very satisfactory animal feeding-stuff, is specially adapted to the dairy and raises the pasture.

Yet ensilage has two major defects, and the first contains very high moisture content, such feed is very heavy and volume is big thereby on any effective distance transportation be uneconomic.Another major defect is that ensilage decomposes in being exposed at air the time in time.

Some animal feeding-stuffs haylage in order to improve quality of the fodder with ensilage or wet ensilage fusion.Because ensilage can decompose apace, yet general such fusion is the place that the feed product in fusion will consume, and therefore, packs and preserves the technology of ensilage class feed for the shipment of economy and do not know as yet.

Therefore; although ensilage class feed ratio haylage draws with square significant advantage is arranged; with regard to all the trans-oceanic outlet animal feeding-stuffs known to the applicant is to be once or the haylage packetized form of double compression; or be the form that extruding is come out, come down to the dried particle or the square of haylage or ensilage.

Therefore, need a kind of packing and shipment animal feeding-stuff method of being used for, this method should have haylage and both the more advantages of ensilage and the shortcoming still less of each class animal feeding-stuff of packing.

An aspect of of the present present invention is the animal feeding-stuff unit, it comprises mixture or other feed and the wet ensilage of an admixture or a haylage or ensilage mixes tightly and high compression in an airtight bag.The dry feed of this fusion and wet ensilage/silage production mix by a certain percentage, and its product humidity range is 15%-40%, and preferably scope is in 20%-35%, and desirable humidity is about 30%.Be similar to half moisture content of the moisture content of haylage two sesquialters and common approximately ensilage like this.The humidity percentage of this fusion feed product is controlled in the variation of the ratio of haylage and ensilage.Its life of optional dimension, mineral matter or other nutrition are added in the dry feed of fusion and in wet ensilage or the ensilage.

The feed product of this fusion is compressed in the fixed volume unit, and it is about 650KG/M with density ³Be packaged in the durable airtight bag.Handle the about 0.07M of preferred size of bag like this ³, the feed product capacity of its fusion is about 45KG.

This filling bag is preferably airtight, oxygen is found time as far as possible, thereby avoid feed oxide.The oxygen that the time is retained in the bag in encapsulation is replaced by the suitable inert gas of pumpback in addition, and this inert gas is such as CO ₂, or N ₂, or noble gas mixtures.

A second aspect of the present invention is to make the method for the said goods.The first step, dry feed generally is the haylage of packing in advance, have an appointment 8% to 15% moisture content, its with the ensilage that contains 40%-70% humidity (and/or wet ensilage) to mix by a certain percentage, produce the moisture content scope at 15%-40%, preferably about 30% mixed fodder product.This composition mixing long enough time, make the moisture content uniformity of ensilage in whole blended mixture.In batch process, this mixture need be trapped in the blender 10-20 minute, general about 15 minutes.

This forage mixture weighing in compression set then, this feed are ejected into durable waterproof bag and neutralize preferably in the airtight bag from compression set, thereby the density of fusion compression is about 650KG/M ³Haylage/ensilage pack in the bag.Pack into bag back sealing is unloaded and is piled up.

Fig. 1 is according to fusion, the top view of the haylage of compacting and packing and the system of ensilage of being used for of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the front view of 2-2 along the line among Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 A is the side view of blender 22, and with dashed lines shows in detail the inside spin propeller.

Fig. 3 B is the end-view of blender among Fig. 3 A, the axial arrangement of spiral propeller shown in broken lines.

Fig. 3 C is the perspective view of the blender box of Fig. 3 A.

Fig. 3 D shows the side view of the different spiral propellers in the blender of Fig. 3 A and 3B.

Fig. 4 A is the top view of the pressure bagger of system among Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 B-4D shows the carrying out stage of pack operating process.

Fig. 5 is the cutaway view of 5-5 along the line among Fig. 4 A.

Fig. 6 is according to fusion, the haylage of compacting and packing and the ensilage process chart of being used for of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is according to fusion, the flow chart of another embodiment of the haylage of compacting and packing and ensilage technology of being used for of the present invention.

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a preferred embodiment of the system 10 that is used to finish apparatus of the present invention.System 10 comprises haylage/ensilage traverse feed and mixing arrangement 12, and the haylage/ensilage after the fusion flows to flattening device 14, and compression set 16, and it is connected with each other with conveyer belt.

This mixing arrangement 12 comprises that one has blender 20, the first conveyer belts 22 of two infeed conveyor belts to be used for the traverse feed haylage and second conveyer belt 24 is used for traverse feed ensilage or wet ensilage.Second conveyer belt comprises that selectively one is used for the preceding extruder 26 that reduces the liquid composition of input ensilage of fusion.This conveyer belt 22,24th, common level ground trailed model conveyer belt.Described blender is the blender of batch-type, and it is by scale 21 supporting, and this scale is used to claim the input proportional quantities of haylage and ensilage when loading blender.In addition, this blender is a continuous mixer, and the haylage of input can come weighing with the meausring apparatus that links to each other with infeed conveyor belt with the proportional quantities of ensilage.

Fig. 3 A-3D shows the preferred implementation of blender 20.This blender comprises a blender box 70, can better find out from Fig. 3 C, and this blender box 70 has a top of opening wide, the

sidewall

72,74 of inside taper and parallel end wall 76,78.One drives shell 80 is installed on the end wall.The axle journal of

spiral propeller

82,84 and twice

spiral propellers

86,88 is contained on the

opposite end walls

76,78 on two.This spiral propeller is driven by the driving assembly (not shown) in the shell 80.Upward

spiral propeller

82,84 separates along the top of

sidewall

72,74, and in addition, this time

spiral propeller

86,88 is separating near blender box bottom.This spiral propeller arranges shown in Fig. 3 D, is used to receive from the input quantity of the haylage of traverse feed and ensilage with mixed feed product export from the discharging conveyer belt.

This blender 20 has a delivery outlet, and it transmits conveyer belt 28 through one first discharging is discharged in the flattening device 14 of a weighing box 30.This transmission conveyer belt 28 is inclined upwardly feed product with fusion from be discharged to weighing box 30.This weighing box 30 outputs to the feed product of load weighted fusion on second conveyer belt 32.This second transmission conveyer belt comprises a smoother 34, and it smoothed mixed fodder logistics line before feed product is inserted compacting and sack-filling device again.Other is similar to the first transmission conveyer belt this second transmission conveyer belt.

This compression set 16 receives the feed product of fusion, and it is compressed into high-density block, then it is ejected in the sack-filling device (not shown).This compression set preferably includes shown in Fig. 4 A-4D, is used for the device at three phases compression fusion feed product.First or pre-compression phase 14 comprise a gravity feeding funnel 40, it is used to receive from second and transmits the feed product of the fusion that conveyer belt unloads, the spiral propeller system vertical with.This vertical spin propulsion system comprises a pair of spiral propeller of arranging along funnel one side 42, and a reception cavity 44 that is used for the fusion feed product is provided.This reception cavity 44 has the width that approaches the spiral propeller size.This rotates around parallel vertical axis spiral propeller 42, is used for haylage/ensilage is pressed downward in the first hydraulic cylinder discharge chambe 48.

This first discharge chambe 48 comprises first hydraulic cylinder 50, and it is used for the horizontal direction operation.Be installed on the drive rod 51 of cylinder 50 is a push pedal 52.This chamber 48 and push pedal 52 have a square-section.When this cylinder advanced shown in Fig. 4 B, this push pedal 52 laterally swept into feed product for 42 times second discharge chambe 54 that reduces volume from spiral propeller.The feed product of fusion has further been compressed in this action.This push pedal comprises a top flap 53, and after cylinder 50 advanced, baffle plate 53 extended in chamber 48 backward, is used to avoid spiral propeller to fall down more feed in the push pedal back.

Second discharge chambe 54 leads to the passage (not shown).Second hydraulic cylinder 56 is installed in an end of chamber 54, becomes a suitable angle arranging with the first hydraulic cylinder level.This chamber also is a rectangle, and this chamber is cleaned by rectangle on the drive rod 57 that is installed in cylinder 56 or square push pedal.When cylinder 56 advanced, shown in Fig. 4 C, this compressed feed was moved in the pack box 60 owing to first cylinder laterally advances, and further specifies below.Push pedal is used as a side of sealing chamber 54 in this compression stage, up to push pedal 58 withdrawals, shown in Fig. 4 D.Push pedal 52 withdrawals then.

Pack box 60 comprises a gate mechanism 62 and sealing and vacuum extractor 62, and sealing and vacuum extractor 62 are used for sealing and simultaneously bag are vacuumized.This gate mechanism comprises the sliding gate 66,68 that pair of hydraulic cylinders drives, and wherein when closing, has constituted the sidewall of chamber 48 and an end wall of chamber 54.When opening wide, these gates allow the compressed feed product to eject through pack box 60.

Compression set 16 can comprise the control device of a scale (not shown) and these scales of response, is used to control the flow velocity of material through system, also the final weight of control pack feed product.These controls are also with above-mentioned compression and pouch step ordering.

Fig. 6 finishes fusion in said apparatus, compacting and packaging process flow figure are used to make the haylage/silage production of fusion of the present invention.In the first step 110, dry feed generally is the haylage of packing in advance, mix with ensilage (ensilage/wet ensilage) with certain proportion, produce in the feed product that mixes humidity range in 15%-40%, preferably in the 20%-35%, the most about 30%.The about 8%-15% of moisture content of this input haylage, and the ensilage of input contains 40%-70% humidity.Best, the moisture content of haylage is about 12%, and ensilage moisture content about 60%.In this preferred moisture content, the dry feed of ratio 62% is mixed into during 38% ensiling raises, will produce the mixed fodder of humidity about 30%.This composition mixing long enough time, make the moisture content of the ensilage unanimity that in the mixture of whole fusion, is evenly distributed.In batch process, need to be detained in the blender general about 15 minutes 10-20 minute.

This forage mixture is weighed to a compression set then.This weighing step 112 comprises the quantitative volume weighing of the feed product of a fusion.Its Weight-measuring device by step 114 indication comes barrier gate.Its weight of weighing when one scale is piled up in compression set when feed product, in case reach predetermined weight, for example about 45KG then closes traverse feed.

This compression set preferred design becomes to comprise the rapid compacting forage mixture of a multistep, as mentioned above with Fig. 6 in step 116,118,120 indications, but do not limit to this technology.This fusion haylage/ensilage mixture is about 265KG/M with density ³Reaching and preferably being compressed to density is 500-700KG/M ³, be more preferably about 650KG/M ³Be passed in the compression set.The about 650KG/M of most preferred density of packing ³Be owing to have the mixture of the haylage of this density and wet ensilage to show the weight limit greatly to insert standard and load and transport container abroad.

Compression stage in the end, shown in step 120, the feed product of this compression is compacted in the waterproof bag.In technology preferred forms as shown in Figure 6, this bag also is airtight.This filling bag is in the vacuum seal of step 122 place, unloads at

step

124 and 126 places then and piles up.

This airtight bag of inserting is taken out oxygen as much as possible at step 122 place, thereby avoids the oxidation of feed.In addition, the time be retained in any oxygen in the bag in encapsulation and replaced by the suitable inert gas of pumpback, this inert gas is such as CO ₂, or N ₂, or noble gas mixtures.Do not need as can be seen by finding time or replacing from bag, to replace oxygen.The oxygen that is retained in the limited quantity in the bag seals with the haylage and the ensilage mixture of compacting, the mixed thing of the oxygen of this limited quantity consumes fast and mixture does not damage, as long as this bag maintenance does not damage, do not have further decomposition again, mouldy or other similar generation.

Preferably be somebody's turn to do the haylage of mixing and the cargo unit of ensilage, its moisture content scope is within 15%-40%, in about 45KG of its weight or the 40-50KG scope.Da Xiao packaging bag manual handling or in harbour and the handling facilities carrying usually used at an easy rate like this at the feed lot that uses this product, thus this airtight bag is damaged to Min. in carrying.

Can substitute simultaneously above-mentioned and compression and pack process the example explanation, a kind ofly can constitute the above-mentioned haylage and the admixture of ensilage, and mixture is pressed in the compacting bag, and this bag is fastened by cord, and this compacting is packaged in the polybag and sealing is avoided decomposing.

Referring to Fig. 7, step 110 to the step of 120 indications with the same among Fig. 6, before airtight bag useless and sealing, vacuumizing.This alternative embodiment uses the gas permeability bag to keep the feed admixture that compresses.

After filling, seal this bag (step 130), a large amount of packaged sacks piles up (step 132) in a bigger gas-tight container.This entire container preferably vacuumizes at step 134 place, and oxygen is replaced by the inert gas that is extracted into the there in addition.

Although preferably Bao Zhuan haylage and ensilage admixture have weight up to about 50KG, also can adopt obviously bigger size.For example, this mixed fodder product can be packaged in the bag of the about 500KG of weight, and this size roughly is adapted at packing on the TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit) cross section and four piles up bag.This bag can be contained in the bigger airtight bag, with the decomposition of the mixture that prevents high moisture content.

The invention solves some problems in the prior art.It provides a mouthfeel good, easily absorbs nutritious fusion feed product.Be somebody's turn to do wet ensilage or the moistening dry feed of ensilage, thereby it is good to make that it has more mouthfeel, easily absorbs, and the blended product of a high nutritive value is provided.This dry feed reduces the moisture content in the whole fusion of feed product, and increases whole moist forage composition on common temperature ensilage that provides or the every gross ton of the ensilage basis in the above.At 650KG/M ³On 30% moisture content, every cubic feet total solid yield is comparable to compacting, the haylage of two compressions, and to make it economic shipment also be better feed product.Under the high pressure reality condition, a quite high moisture content that is provided by ensilage is provided the feed product of air-tight package fusion, even have, also is residual oxygen seldom, thereby has reduced oxidation and avoided feed product to decompose and the heating of feed product.

Important advantage of the present invention is to have kept a suitable length-fibre length in feed product.Compare, the square haylage reduces to fibre length below the 10CM.

Principle of the present invention is described in its preferred embodiment and has been illustrated, is to be understood that to make amendment on scope immanent structure that does not break away from this principle and details.

Claims

1. livestock cargo unit that is fit to the mixed fodder product of long-distance shipment, it comprises:

The mixed fodder product of a kind of dry feed and fermentation ensilage, this dry feed and ensilage are produced a mixed fodder product in proportion, and its moisture content scope is between 15%-40%, and it is 500-700KG/M that wherein said mixed fodder product is compressed into density ³With

Secluding air seals the device of this compressed mixed feed product.

2. the livestock cargo unit of a mixed fodder product as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the described device that is used to seal this compressed mixed feed product comprises a sealing airtight bag.

3. the livestock cargo unit of a mixed fodder product as claimed in claim 1, its weight range is at 40-50KG.

4. the livestock cargo unit of a mixed fodder product as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described dry feed is made up of haylage and the ensilage that ferments is made up of wet ensilage.

5. the method for the livestock cargo unit of a mixed fodder product that make to be fit to long-distance shipment, this method comprises:

What constitute the fermentation ensilage is the fresh feed of fermentation;

With mixing by a certain percentage of dry feed and described fermentation ensilage, produce the mixed fodder product of a kind of humidity range at 15%-40%;

Compress this mixed fodder product; And

In order to load and transport seal compression mixed fodder product in gas-tight container.

6. its mixing of method as claimed in claim 5 comprises dry feed and fermentation ensilage is mixed, produces the mixed fodder product of a kind of humidity range at 20%-35%.

7. method as claimed in claim 5, the step that it is characterized in that the compressed mixed feed product comprise that the density range of mixed fodder product of compression is at 500-700KG/M ³

8. method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that comprising for the step of loading and transporting the sealing of compressed mixed feed product:

The compressed mixed product of 40-50KG is packed in the airtight bag; And

Seal this airtight bag.