CN1217246A - 避免废水的焊接方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
叙述一种避免产生废水的、铝或铝合金构件的焊接方法,其中采用含水悬浮液形式的特别是以氟铝酸钾为基的焊药。经过规定的时间间隔以后会产生含有焊药的废水。迄今为止这种废水排入周围环境中。现在发现,这种废水在将焊药分离出去以后可以重新输回焊接过程。用这种方法可以大大避免产生废水。因为经常使用表面活性剂,并且它同样在循环回路中运行,所以可以相应地节省表面活性剂用量。此外环境相应地得到保护。
Description
本发明涉及一种在应用含水焊药制剂的情况下焊接铝或铝合金构件的方法，焊药从氟锌酸钾(Kaliumfluorzinkat)、氟锌酸铯(Cesiumfluorzinkat)、氟铝酸铯(Cesiumfluoraluminat)、特别是氟铝酸钾(Kaliumfluoraluminat)以及它们的混合物中选择。
众所周知，铝或铝合金制件在应用含氟铝酸钾焊药的含水制剂的情况下可以相互焊接。焊药的作用是，去除去掉油脂的构件上的有碍氧化层，以便可以得到令人满意的焊接。为此可以采用加在构件上的氟铝酸钾含水制剂，例如通过喷射、通过工件在含水制剂中的浸润、通过在工件上涂抹等等加在工件上。然后将构件待相互焊接的部位拼在一起并加热。首先悬浮液的水蒸发，然后焊药熔化。最后由添加的或现场形成的焊料形成焊料和铝或铝合金的共晶体，此共晶体构成焊接部位。通常使用过量的焊药制剂，使得人们需要回收和重新使用氟铝酸钾焊药含水制剂。这特别是在喷淋构件时会发生。在循环运行的制剂中焊药和水的含量通过添加规定数量的焊药或水来调节到规定值。在一定的时间以后，例如每天晚上或下班以后，用过的制剂不再继续使用，而是配制和采用新鲜的制剂。不再使用的制剂被当作废水，它含有焊药，而且由于含氟焊药的可溶性，具有很高的氟化物含量。当经过规定的时间以后清洗焊接时所用的器械和操作元件时，也会产生这种废水。迄今为止这样的废水是未经处理直接排入周围环境的。
本发明的目的在于：提供一种保护环境的焊接方法。这个目的通过在权利要求中所提供的焊接方法来解决。
按本发明的焊接铝或铝合金构件的方法，其中使用一种从氟铝酸钾、氟铝酸铯、氟锌酸钾和氟锌酸铯以及它们的混合物中选出的焊药的含水制剂，并使过量的制剂与待焊接构件相接触，进行焊接，回收多余的含水焊药制剂，在通过添加焊药或水调整到规定的焊药浓度以后输入循环回路中，其中在一个规定的时刻产生含焊药的废水，这种方法设想，将废水与焊药和可能的其他固体成分分开、后续处理，在形成再生工业用水的情况下补充新鲜水，并将再生的工业用水回输到焊接过程中。
特别是可以采用在包含钾、铝和氟的化合物基础上的已知的氟铝酸钾焊药。例如在美国专利3,769,099；4,428,920；4,5579,605；5,318,764；和德国公告文献19501937；19520812；19636897中叙述了可供使用的焊药和它们的制造方法。后面的专利申请叙述一种低熔点的K2AlF5,它尤其是由KOH(氢氧化钾)、氢氧化铝和氢酸氟按克分子比例K∶Al∶F=2∶1∶5制成。由此得到的焊药具有特别低的熔点(在546至550℃范围内)。所用的焊药还可以包含常用的添加剂，如结合剂、铯化合物、金属焊料、金属焊料-前体或表面活性剂。
在焊接构件时按本发明的方法也可以用氟铝酸铯焊药(见US-A-4,689,092)，氟锌酸铯焊药和氟锌酸钾焊药(见未公开的德国专利申请……19813023)以及它们的混合物(例如见US-A-4,670,067,它叙述了氟铝酸钾-铯)。
借助于优先的实施形式-采用氟铝酸钾焊药-对本发明作进一步的说明。
最好通过喷射方式使焊药与待焊接构件相接触。这里可以使用含水制剂，它含有浓度为3至70％重量比的焊药。焊接本身按众所周知的方法进行：将待焊接构件-在需要的情况下在惰性气体，例如氮或氩，气氛中-加热到高温(例如在焊接炉中，通过磁感应或火焰)，在这里形成焊接连接。在用氟铝酸钾焊药时温度约为600℃，在用铯焊药时温度低得多。
例如在焊接过程中产生的，含有氟铝酸钾的废水可以按以下方法处理：不应该再使用用过的氟铝酸钾在水中的悬浮液(“泥浆”)，它应该用新制造的悬浮液来代替；在清洗与焊药悬浮液或焊药接触过构件、器械、建筑物的构件或其它物体时产生的清洗水；回收的多余的制剂。
固体物质的分离尤其可以通过过滤系统和/或在废水箱中进行，在废水箱中使固体沉淀，然后将它分离，例如通过虹吸。后续处理可以用来将在将固体物质分离出去以后留下的不需要的组成成分从废水中排除出去。这可以是一种抗菌处理、悬浮液的稀释等等。优选是分离存在的悬浮物和可能残留的固体颗粒。这可以在例如过滤器或离心机中进行。
采用去离子水作为新鲜水。再生的工业用水可以合适地贮存在一个中间箱内。这个中间存贮箱应该大到可以贮备在规定的时间间隔内所必须的全部水量。
借助于图1对本发明作进一步的说明。图1表示可以用它实现按本发明的方法的设备。
由脱脂的铝制件拼装成的热交换器1首先通过输送带2送到喷射室3内，并在那里用含水焊药制剂喷射，此焊药制剂通过管道4输入喷射室。在离开喷射室3以后热交换器1送入焊接炉5内，在那里加热同时进行焊接。焊好的热交换器1离开焊接炉5，然后冷却并进行其他处理工序，例如质量检验、包装等。通过管道4喷射的焊药悬浮液取自于贮存容器6。在喷射室3内产生的多余焊药悬浮液通过管道7输回贮存容器6。经过规定时间以后-例如每班结束时-还留在贮存容器6内的、下一个班不应该再用的焊药悬浮液通过管道10和11抽入沉淀箱12。在那里使固体物质沉淀。剩下的溶液从沉淀箱12中通过管道13送到过滤器14，在过滤器内滤掉悬浮物和存在的固体物质成分。经过过滤的废水通过管道15送入中间存贮箱16，并在那里补充通过管道17输入中间存贮箱16的去离子水，成为所需数量的再生工业用水。再生工业用水通过管道18以及19和20用来清洗喷射室，并在贮存容器6内制造新鲜的焊药悬浮液。为此再生工业用水可以通过管道20直接输入贮存容器。
当构件在喷射室3内喷淋时当然要用掉循环运行着的悬浮液内的一定数量的水和一定数量的焊药。循环运行的焊药制剂内所希望的焊药浓度在贮存容器6内调整，即可以通过管道18和20给贮存容器输入再生工业用水，并通过装入漏斗9输入固体焊药。
在中间存贮箱16内的再生工业用水的数量以相当于规定时间间隔内水的需求量为宜。如果例如每个班次使用新鲜的焊药悬浮液，那么中间存贮箱16内的再生工业用水数量应该足够用来清洗喷射室3(和在必要情况下其他构件)，制造新鲜的焊药制剂和代替焊接时所需要的水。
值得推荐的是，设置一个粗过滤器8，在此过滤器内可以将大的颗粒在它到达沉淀箱12以前就过滤出去。
通常在沉淀箱12中沉积的固体物质还含有很多水。这些水例如可以在压滤机中分离出去并同样输入中间存贮箱16。
本发明的一种变形方案设想，水箱12不是固体物质在这里沉积的沉淀箱，而是里面设有防止固体物质沉积的装置的贮存箱。在这种变形方案中全部固体物质连同待处理的水流通过一个过滤器14，以便在过滤器内将固体物质过滤掉。当然不再需要象做成沉淀箱的结构时那样的用来取走沉积固体物质的管道。
在需要的情况下贮存箱12内的搅浑的悬浮液还可以稀释，例如稀释到2至5％的重量百分比。
这个变形方案有这样的优点，可以从过滤器14中取出全部固体物质。
按本发明的方法其特征在于：决不会产生废水。另一个优点是，只要焊药制剂中含有表面活性剂，表面活性剂就不会分离出去，而是同样在循环回路中运行。这节省了表面活性剂用量以及带来在环境协调性方面的附加的成果。
本发明的另一个内容是实现这一方法的焊接设备。它包括普通的构件，如用来将待焊接材料送入焊接炉以及将焊好的材料从焊接炉中运出的装置，用来将含水焊药制剂喷射在待焊接物品上的装置，一个焊药制剂的贮存箱，其特征在于，设有一个用来将固体物质从用过的焊药制剂中分离出去的装置，这个装置通过管道与贮存箱和焊接炉连接，用过的焊药制剂通过这个管道送入分离装置；还设有一个管道，它允许从分离装置中取走分离出来的水以作重新使用。
Claims (10)
1．焊接铝或铝合金构件的方法，其中使用由氟铝酸钾、氟铝酸铯、氟锌酸钾和氟锌酸铯这一族中的焊药制成的含水制剂，并过量地与待焊接构件相接触，进行焊接，回收剩余的焊药含水制剂，在通过添加焊药或水调整到规定的浓度以后输入循环回路，其中在某个规定时刻产生含焊药的废水，其特征在于：将水与焊药和可能存在的其他固体成分分开，并后续处理，补充新鲜水形成再生工业用水，并将此再生工业用水输回焊接过程中。
2．按权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：采用氟铝化钾焊药。
3．按权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：后续处理包括悬浮物和可能存在的其他残留固体物质的分离。
4．按权利要求3的方法，其特征在于：后续处理包括用固体物质过滤器进行的处理。
5．按权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：采用去离子水作为新鲜水。
6．按权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：再生工业用水用来清洗器械，调整含水制剂中的规定含水量和/或在使焊药悬浮的情况下制造含水焊药制剂。
7．按权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：废水贮存在一个沉淀箱内。
8．按权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：再生工业用水贮存在一个中间存贮箱内。
9．按权利要求8的方法，其特征在于：在中间存贮箱内产生规定数量的再生工业用水。
10．实现按权利要求1至9的焊接方法的焊接设备，包括普通构件如将待焊接材料送入焊接炉以及将焊好的材料从焊接炉中运出来的装置；将含水焊药制剂喷射在待焊接物品上的装置；一个焊药制剂贮存箱，其特征在于：设有一个将固体物质从用过的焊药制剂中分离出来的装置，其中这个装置通过管道与贮存箱和焊接炉相连，用过的焊药制剂通过这些管道输入分离装置，还设有一个管道，它可以取走从分离装置中分离出来的水以便重新使用。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19749042A DE19749042C1 (de) | 1997-11-06 | 1997-11-06 | Abwasser vermeidendes Lötverfahren |
| DE19749042.5 | 1997-11-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1217246A true CN1217246A (zh) | 1999-05-26 |
Family
ID=7847800
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98119281A Pending CN1217246A (zh) | 1997-11-06 | 1998-09-17 | 避免废水的焊接方法 |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6105850A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0914898A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH11226727A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR19990045017A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1217246A (zh) |
| AR (1) | AR013507A1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU742603B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9804756A (zh) |
| CZ (1) | CZ321098A3 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE19749042C1 (zh) |
| MY (1) | MY133175A (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL329579A1 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW415863B (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA989727B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU6490800A (en) * | 1999-08-16 | 2001-03-13 | Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation | Method and composition for improved flux slurry wetting in heat exchanger brazing |
| DE10016257A1 (de) * | 2000-04-03 | 2001-10-04 | Solvay Fluor & Derivate | Alkalimetallfluorzinkat und seine Herstellung |
| US6755339B2 (en) * | 2002-06-21 | 2004-06-29 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Fluxing apparatus for applying powdered flux |
| JP2006150436A (ja) * | 2004-12-01 | 2006-06-15 | Denso Corp | アルミニウム製板部材へのフラックス層形成方法、フラックス組成物、およびフラックス層が形成されたアルミニウム製板部材 |
| GB0716696D0 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2007-10-03 | Pillarhouse Int Ltd | Fluxer for soldering apparatus |
| DE102009055610A1 (de) * | 2009-11-25 | 2011-05-26 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur quantitativen Bestimmung von Lötmittelresten |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3769099A (en) * | 1970-10-13 | 1973-10-30 | Mc Kay Co | Bonded arc welding flux and liquid binding agent therefor |
| CS218556B2 (en) * | 1975-04-09 | 1983-02-25 | Alcan Res & Dev | Method of joining the aluminium components |
| GB2050905B (en) * | 1979-05-17 | 1983-05-25 | Aluminum Co Of America | Recovery of flux residues from rinse water |
| US4244506A (en) * | 1979-11-26 | 1981-01-13 | Aluminum Company Of America | Recovery of flux residues from rinse water in dip brazing |
| DE3116469A1 (de) * | 1981-04-25 | 1982-11-11 | Kali-Chemie Ag, 3000 Hannover | Verfahren zur herstellung von kaliumtetrafluoroaluminat |
| JPS58167097A (ja) * | 1982-03-29 | 1983-10-03 | Nikkei Giken:Kk | ろう付用フラツクス |
| US4579605A (en) * | 1984-02-14 | 1986-04-01 | Furukuwa Aluminum Co., Ltd. | Flux for brazing the aluminum parts and preparing method of the same |
| US5207917A (en) * | 1991-10-08 | 1993-05-04 | Weaver Thomas J M | Recycling and recovery of aqueous cleaner solutions |
| US5318764A (en) * | 1992-11-09 | 1994-06-07 | Advance Research Chemicals, Inc. | Processes of producing potassium fluoroaluminates |
| DE19519515A1 (de) * | 1995-01-24 | 1996-07-25 | Solvay Fluor & Derivate | Neuartiges Flußmittel |
| DE19520812A1 (de) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-12-12 | Solvay Fluor & Derivate | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lötflußmittels |
| DE19636897A1 (de) * | 1996-09-11 | 1998-03-12 | Solvay Fluor & Derivate | Lotfreies Aluminiumlöten |
-
1997
- 1997-11-06 DE DE19749042A patent/DE19749042C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-09-17 CN CN98119281A patent/CN1217246A/zh active Pending
- 1998-09-18 AR ARP980104687A patent/AR013507A1/es unknown
- 1998-09-30 TW TW087116304A patent/TW415863B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-10-05 CZ CZ983210A patent/CZ321098A3/cs unknown
- 1998-10-26 ZA ZA989727A patent/ZA989727B/xx unknown
- 1998-10-29 EP EP98120454A patent/EP0914898A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-11-04 MY MYPI98005016A patent/MY133175A/en unknown
- 1998-11-04 JP JP10313296A patent/JPH11226727A/ja active Pending
- 1998-11-04 KR KR1019980047219A patent/KR19990045017A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-11-05 AU AU91367/98A patent/AU742603B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-11-05 BR BR9804756-6A patent/BR9804756A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-11-06 PL PL98329579A patent/PL329579A1/xx unknown
- 1998-11-06 US US09/186,660 patent/US6105850A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CZ321098A3 (cs) | 1999-10-13 |
| AR013507A1 (es) | 2000-12-27 |
| PL329579A1 (en) | 1999-05-10 |
| MY133175A (en) | 2007-10-31 |
| KR19990045017A (ko) | 1999-06-25 |
| EP0914898A1 (de) | 1999-05-12 |
| AU742603B2 (en) | 2002-01-10 |
| JPH11226727A (ja) | 1999-08-24 |
| US6105850A (en) | 2000-08-22 |
| AU9136798A (en) | 1999-05-27 |
| ZA989727B (en) | 1999-05-04 |
| TW415863B (en) | 2000-12-21 |
| BR9804756A (pt) | 1999-11-09 |
| DE19749042C1 (de) | 1999-02-25 |
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