CN1211569C - 位于内燃机排气管内的NOx蓄气催化器损坏状态的诊断方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种对位于内燃机排气管内的NOX蓄气催化器的损坏状态进行诊断的方法,通过设置在所述NOX蓄气催化器下游的NOX传感器测定尾气中的NOX浓度,并且所述内燃机配备有调节NOX蓄气催化器最低工作温度的装置,该装置的作用在于至少可临时影响尾气温度(加热措施)。本发明的特征是,(a)所述加热措施完成后,在一个给定的诊断时间范围内测定所述NOX传感器的NOX浓度的信号曲线(16),(b)将所述NOX浓度的信号曲线(16)与一条给定的NOX浓度的额定曲线(14)进行比较。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种对位于内燃机排气管内的NOX蓄气催化器的损坏状态进行诊断的方法。
背景技术
在内燃机的空气燃料混合物燃烧过程中,为降低所形成的有害物质排放,公知的方法是在排气管内设置催化器。其中的有害物质,如CO、HC或H2可作为还原剂与空气中存在的氧发生氧化。同样,在燃烧过程中产生的NOX在催化器内也通过还原剂的作用还原成氮气。
如果内燃机处在λ>1的稀混合气工况中,则一部分处在尾气内的还原剂同时会减少,从而造成NOX的完全转化无法继续进行。其补救措施是给催化器配备一个NOX蓄气元件,使两者组成NOX蓄气催化器。这种NOX蓄气催化器也可以是一个三元催化器的组成部分。NOX的吸收将持续进行,直到催化器温度超过某个NOX拒吸温度,或者NOX蓄气能力耗尽为止。在此时刻之前,必须将所述NOX蓄气催化器再生,其方法是转换到一种化学计算工况(λ=1)或者浓混合气工况(λ<1)中。
此外,公知的方法还包括为内燃机配备一种装置,该装置允许内燃机特别是在冷起动后将NOX吸收,其方法例如是设置一个二次空气泵,它可通过有控制地送入的空气量而提高尾气内的氧含量,并且实现与发动机空气比例的匹配调整。通过该方式可实现基于放热反应的尾气温度提升。
此外,公知的方案还包括在NOX蓄气催化器下游设置一个可测定尾气中NOX浓度的NOX传感器。通过NOX浓度可以以公知方式采取必要的再生措施,例如超过了某个给定的排放阈值后采取再生措施。
在NOX蓄气催化器的某种工况中,NOX蓄气催化器的功能可能由于各种损坏而受到影响。一种是可逆的损坏,例如由于含硫燃料造成的硫化或者NOX蓄气催化器内产生的积炭,借助于有针对性的再生措施可将其消除。另一种是随着工作时间的增加而出现不可逆损坏。例如由于热过载而对NOX蓄气催化器造成活性损失,以致于无法进行有害物质排放的有效还原。
此外,在德国专利文献DE 197551895 A1中还公开了一种催化器诊断方法,其中采集设置在所述催化器下游的λ传感器的信号实际值,并且构成一个所述尾气传感器的信号预期值,还构成一个所述实际值与预期值之间偏差的尺度。根据该尺度对催化器的功能进行判断,其中设在催化器后面的λ传感器测量尾气内氧含量的波动。氧含量的异常强烈波动表示催化器蓄氧能力的下降,是催化器损坏的标志。
公知的控制NOX蓄气催化器方法的缺点是,对以上损坏状态无法进行足够的诊断,因为诊断只能在发动机热运行时进行。如果要进行诊断,则经常需要采用相对复杂的测量装置,包括使用附加的λ传感器、温度传感器和专门的气体传感器。这样一方面需要复杂的计算方法,另一方面这种传感器成本相对较高,从而大大增加了生产成本。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提供一种方法,它允许以简单的方式对NOX蓄气催化器的损坏状态进行诊断,而且只需要借助于一个NOX传感器。
上述任务的技术解决方案在于一种设置在内燃机排气管内的NOX蓄气催化器的损坏状态的诊断方法,该NOX蓄气催化器具有一设置在其下游用于测量NOX浓度的NOX传感器和为该内燃机配置的用于通过至少暂时影响排气温度来调节催化器温度的装置,其中
-通过加热措施将催化器温度调节至预定温度范围内的某一温度值,
-在加热措施结束之后,在预定的诊断时间范围内测得NOX传感器的信号曲线并将其与一条给定的NOX浓度的额定曲线作比较;并从此比较结果获得NOX蓄气催化器的损坏状态的程度,
-在加热措施结束之后,内燃机在λ=1的运行模式下运行。
在一种优选方案中,所述信号曲线与额定曲线的偏差的曲线和/或大小组成一个控制值。所述控制值如果超过了一个阈值,将在必要时产生一个警告信号(车内诊断)。根据所述警告信号,一方面可采取相应的再生措施,另一方面可导入多种维护措施。其中被证明有利的方案是,所述阈值根据诸如NOX蓄气催化器的总工作时间、再生措施的效率、某个车速和催化器实际温度等参数确定。
一种被证明特别有利的方案是,给使用本发明所述方法的内燃机配备一个二次空气泵。所述二次空气泵的作用是公知的,它在发动机冷起动后导入加热措施,将催化器温度提高到最低工作温度上。所述二次空气泵关闭后开始进行诊断。
所述诊断只有在二次空气泵关闭后进行才有意义,因为从该时刻起,可将混合气调节到λ=1。在调节到λ=1的工况模式中催化器开始进行NOX还原。在该条件下也可借助于NOX传感器测定催化器可能存在的损坏。
此外,所述损坏状态的诊断最好是在催化器温度的一个给定温度范围内进行的,其中的催化器温度由合适的温度传感器测定。
附图说明
下面对照附图所示实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
图1表示出一条λ值曲线,一条车速曲线,一条NOX浓度的信号曲线和一条NOX浓度的给定额定曲线。
具体实施方式
内燃机,特别是调节到λ=1的内燃机或者DI奥托发动机可在工作过程中测定有害物质,例如CO,HC和NOX。一方面可经设置在内燃机排气管内的催化器用氧将还原剂(CO,HC,H2)氧化,另一方面可在催化器内将还原剂NOX转化成氮气。在λ>1的稀混合气工况中,NOX作为氮化物沉积在NOX蓄气催化器上,这种过程将持续进行,直到催化器温度超过某个NOX拒吸温度,或者NOX蓄气能力耗尽为止。为避免NOX的击穿,在此时刻之前必须让内燃机进入化学计算工况或者浓混合气工况λ≤1(再生)。
在内燃机冷起动后,内燃机的工作模式通常设定为λ<1(浓混合气工况,见λ值10的曲线),以实现对NOX蓄气催化器的快速加热。此外,内燃机驱动的汽车在加速过程中也强制工作在浓混合气工况(见车速12的曲线)。
所述NOX蓄气催化器为保证足够的NOX转换率和NOX蓄气能力必须具有一个最低工作温度。为此所述内燃机须配备有一种装置,它特别能在冷起动后调节催化器温度,从而至少可临时影响尾气温度(在阶段tS期间的加热措施)。所以直接在内燃机起动后,可采用二次空气泵通过送入额外的空气量而提高尾气内的氧含量。如果内燃机处在浓混合气工况下,则还原剂的放热氧化反应将直接发生在上部排气管内,或发生在可能存在的前置催化器内。
加热措施结束后,例如催化器温度进入了一个给定的温度范围后,在一个给定的诊断时间范围(阶段tD)内,通过设置在所述NOX蓄气催化器下游的NOX传感器测定所述NOX传感器的NOX浓度的信号曲线16。该信号曲线例如可记录在发动机控制器内,并在其内部与一条给定的NOX浓度的额定曲线14进行比较。所述额定曲线14通常表示一个新的NOX蓄气催化器的NOX浓度曲线。
所述信号曲线16与额定曲线14的偏差的曲线和/或大小提供了一个表示NOX蓄气催化器损坏状态的尺度。所述偏差的曲线和/或大小组成一个控制值。当所述控制值超过了一个阈值时产生一个警告信号。所述阈值根据诸如NOX蓄气催化器的总工作时间、再生措施的效率、车速12或催化器实际温度等参数确定。
Claims (7)
1.设置在内燃机排气管内的NOx蓄气催化器的损坏状态的诊断方法,该NOx蓄气催化器具有一设置在其下游用于测量NOx浓度的NOx传感器和为该内燃机配置的用于通过至少暂时影响排气温度来调节催化器温度的装置,其中
-通过加热措施将催化器温度调节至预定温度范围内的某一温度值,
-在加热措施结束之后,在预定的诊断时间范围内测得NOx传感器的信号曲线(16)并将其与一条给定的NOx浓度的额定曲线(14)作比较;并从此比较结果获得NOx蓄气催化器的损坏状态的程度,
-在加热措施结束之后,内燃机在λ=1的运行模式下运行。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,加热措施包括在内燃机的一个冷启动之后和/或在通过内燃机驱动汽车的加速期间,内燃机以λ<1的运行模式运行。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征是,所述信号曲线(16)与额定曲线(14)的偏差的曲线或大小组成一个控制值。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征是,当所述控制值超过了一个阈值时产生一个维修信号。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征是,所述阈值根据诸如NOx蓄气催化器的总工作时间、再生措施的效率、某个车速和催化器实际温度等参数确定。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,所述装置包括一个用于调节NOx蓄气催化器最低工作温度的二次空气泵。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,所述损坏状态的诊断是在催化器温度的一个给定温度范围内进行的。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19946628.9 | 1999-09-29 | ||
DE19946628A DE19946628A1 (de) | 1999-09-29 | 1999-09-29 | Verfahren zur Diagnose eines Schädigungszustandes eines in einem Abgaskanal einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine angeordneten NOx-Speicherkatalysators |
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CN1376234A CN1376234A (zh) | 2002-10-23 |
CN1211569C true CN1211569C (zh) | 2005-07-20 |
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CNB008132305A Expired - Fee Related CN1211569C (zh) | 1999-09-29 | 2000-09-18 | 位于内燃机排气管内的NOx蓄气催化器损坏状态的诊断方法 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1224385B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1211569C (zh) |
DE (2) | DE19946628A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2001023875A2 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2004116332A (ja) * | 2002-09-25 | 2004-04-15 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
DE10249610B4 (de) * | 2002-10-18 | 2010-10-07 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines NOx-Speicherkatalysators |
EP1434049B1 (de) * | 2002-12-29 | 2017-02-22 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung des NOx-Signals eines NOx-Sensors |
US8156728B2 (en) * | 2005-07-07 | 2012-04-17 | Volvo Lastvagnar Ab | Method, device and computer program product for diagnosing of at least one exhaust emission control unit |
DE102005053648A1 (de) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-05-16 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur On-Board-Diagnose eines Sytems in einem Fahrzeug |
DE102007045256A1 (de) * | 2007-09-21 | 2009-04-02 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zum Prüfen der Funktionsfähigkeit eines Oxidationskatalysators einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102008006633A1 (de) | 2008-01-29 | 2009-07-30 | Volkswagen Ag | Sensor zur Konzentrationsbestimmung von im Abgas enthaltenen Bestandteilen und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Sensors |
JP4995800B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-29 | 2012-08-08 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 窒素酸化物浄化触媒の異常検出方法および装置 |
DE102011002502B4 (de) * | 2010-08-02 | 2023-06-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Diagnose eines Abgassensors und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE102017205325A1 (de) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-10-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Steuereinheit zum Betrieb eines Partikelfilters |
DE102017211220A1 (de) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-11-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Diagnose einer Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeuges, sowie der mit der Brennkraftmaschine verbundenen Vorrichtungen, sowie ein System zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE4302779C2 (de) * | 1993-02-02 | 1995-10-05 | Porsche Ag | Verfahren zur Überprüfung der Funktionstüchtigkeit von im Abgasstrang, von mit einer Brennkraftmaschine ausgerüsteten Kraftfahrzeugen eingesetzten Abgaskatalysatoren |
DE4323243A1 (de) * | 1993-07-12 | 1995-01-26 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Bedarfsorientiertes Heizverfahren für einen Katalysator im Abgassystem einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE4330997A1 (de) * | 1993-09-13 | 1995-03-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur Überwachung des Anspringverhaltens eines Katalysatorsystems in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
JP3244584B2 (ja) * | 1994-02-10 | 2002-01-07 | 株式会社日立製作所 | エンジン排気ガス浄化装置の診断方法及び装置 |
JP3228006B2 (ja) * | 1994-06-30 | 2001-11-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化要素劣化検出装置 |
JP3239699B2 (ja) * | 1995-07-26 | 2001-12-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の触媒劣化判定装置 |
JP3603422B2 (ja) * | 1995-10-23 | 2004-12-22 | 日産自動車株式会社 | エンジンの触媒温度推定装置および触媒診断装置 |
DE19751895A1 (de) * | 1996-06-12 | 1999-05-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Katalysatordiagnoseverfahren |
US5743084A (en) * | 1996-10-16 | 1998-04-28 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method for monitoring the performance of a nox trap |
EP0916941B1 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 2003-06-04 | NGK Spark Plug Co. Ltd. | Method and apparatus for detecting a functional condition of an NOx occlusion catalyst |
DE19746658A1 (de) * | 1997-10-22 | 1999-04-29 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung des Temperaturbereiches eines NOx-Speichers in einer Abgasanlage eines Verbrennungsmotors |
DE19811574A1 (de) * | 1998-03-17 | 1999-09-23 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen der Funktionsfähigkeit eines Katalysators einer Brennkraftmaschine |
-
1999
- 1999-09-29 DE DE19946628A patent/DE19946628A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-09-18 EP EP00967691A patent/EP1224385B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-18 CN CNB008132305A patent/CN1211569C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-09-18 WO PCT/EP2000/009093 patent/WO2001023875A2/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-09-18 DE DE50008863T patent/DE50008863D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19946628A1 (de) | 2001-04-05 |
CN1376234A (zh) | 2002-10-23 |
EP1224385A2 (de) | 2002-07-24 |
WO2001023875A2 (de) | 2001-04-05 |
DE50008863D1 (de) | 2005-01-05 |
WO2001023875A3 (de) | 2001-05-31 |
EP1224385B1 (de) | 2004-12-01 |
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