CN1211216A - 用于“重型载货车辆”轮胎的胎冠加强层 - Google Patents

用于“重型载货车辆”轮胎的胎冠加强层 Download PDF

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CN1211216A
CN1211216A CN97192381A CN97192381A CN1211216A CN 1211216 A CN1211216 A CN 1211216A CN 97192381 A CN97192381 A CN 97192381A CN 97192381 A CN97192381 A CN 97192381A CN 1211216 A CN1211216 A CN 1211216A
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安德烈·科隆
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60CVEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/20Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
    • B60C9/22Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel the plies being arranged with all cords disposed along the circumference of the tyre
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60CVEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/20Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
    • B60C9/2003Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords
    • B60C9/2006Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords consisting of steel cord plies only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60CVEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/20Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
    • B60C9/2003Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords
    • B60C9/2009Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords comprising plies of different materials
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T152/00Resilient tires and wheels
    • Y10T152/10Tires, resilient
    • Y10T152/10495Pneumatic tire or inner tube
    • Y10T152/10765Characterized by belt or breaker structure
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T152/00Resilient tires and wheels
    • Y10T152/10Tires, resilient
    • Y10T152/10495Pneumatic tire or inner tube
    • Y10T152/10765Characterized by belt or breaker structure
    • Y10T152/10792Structure where each bias angle reinforcing cord ply has no opposingly angled ply

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Abstract

一个外形H/S比值至少为0.5的轮胎上包含一个径向胎体加强层(1)和一个胎冠加强层(3)。该胎冠加强层(3)上包含至少两个由不可延伸的金属帘线构成的工作胎冠帘布层(31、33),不同帘布层上的帘线相互交叉并分别与轮胎圆周方向呈10°至45°间的夹角。该胎冠加强层(3)上还包含一个由基本上平行于圆周方向的金属加强单元构成的轴向连续附加帘布层(32)。该附加帘布层(32)位于沿径向距胎体加强层(1)最近的工作帘布层(31)的上方,其单位宽度上的拉伸刚度与该胎宽加强层内其他所有帘布层的拉伸刚度之和的比值在0.35至0.70之间。

Description

用于“重型载货车辆”轮胎的胎冠加强层
本发明涉及一种带有径向胎体加强层的轮胎,该胎体加强层的两端分别在两个胎边内联接着至少一条胎边嵌线,该轮胎还包含着一个胎冠加强层,该胎冠加强层由至少两个所谓的工作帘布层构成,每个工作帘布层由互相平行的加强单元构成,各帘布层叠加起来,不同帘布层上的加强单元相互交叉,各加强单元与轮胎圆周方向的夹角的绝对值最大为40°。
至今尚未公布的法国专利申请FR94/15736涉及一种上面所述的轮胎,具体地说是涉及一种“重型载货车辆”的轮胎,该轮胎在轮辋以上的高度H与其最大轴向宽度S的比值最大为0.6。上述专利申请中,为了提高这种轮胎的胎冠加强层的寿命,并同时使轮胎的胎面磨损更加均匀,要求其胎冠加强层的结构具有下列特征:胎冠加强层中存在两个帘布层的组合体,第一个帘布层是轴向连续的且由不可延伸的金属加强单元构成,各加强单元与轮胎圆周方向呈至少60°夹角;第二个帘布层由金属单元构成,各金属单元大致平行于轮胎圆周方向,这两个帘布层在径向位于二个工作胎冠帘布层之间。
这种结构可以使工作帘布层之间的部分具有更高的抵抗力,还可以使位于由此形成的胎冠加强层下方的胎体加强层中的帘线的疲劳强度增加。由平行于轮胎圆周方向的加强单元构成的附加帘布层的轴向宽度可以小于各工作帘布层的宽度。
对于外形比值大于0.5的轮胎来说,其工作温度是不可忽视的。因此本发明申请人的目标是找出一种解决发热问题又使费用较低的有效方法。
为了提高一个轮胎的胎冠加强层以及其下相邻的胎体加强层的寿命,同时又不需采用一个由与轮胎圆周方向夹角太大的金属帘线构成的在径向位于胎体加强层上方的胎冠加强层,本发明提出了一种比上述专利中所述结构费用更低的解决方法。
根据本发明,外形比值H/S至少为0.5的轮胎上包含一个径向胎体加强层和一个胎冠加强层,该胎冠加强层包含至少两个工作胎冠帘布层,这些帘布层由不可延伸的金属帘线构成,各层帘线相互交叉,且各帘线与轮胎圆周方向的夹角在10°至45°之间;胎冠加强层还包含一个附加帘布层,该附加帘布层在轴向连续并由大致上平行于轮胎圆周方向的金属单元构成,该胎冠加强层中不存在由与轮胎圆周方向构成45°以上夹角的帘线构成的帘布层。上述附加帘层位于与胎体加强层径向最近的工作胎冠帘布层之上,而且它在拉应力下的拉伸刚度与胎冠层中其他各帘布层拉伸刚度之和的比值在0.35至0.70之间。
通过采用比各工作帘布层中的钢制金属帘线直径更大的钢制金属单元制成的所谓附加帘布层,可以在技术与经济两个方面方便地获得上述这一比值。
“不可延伸帘线”指的是一种帘线,例如钢制帘线,当它受到25%的断裂载荷时,其相对伸长率小于0.5%。
金属单元的方向大致平行于轮胎圆周方向指的是金属单元与上述方向的夹角为0°左右,不超过±2.5°。
由加强单元构成的一个帘布层的拉伸刚度为:在帘布层每单位宽度上为达到一个给定的相对延伸率ε而需沿上述帘线方向所施加的拉力。该拉伸刚度可以表示为R=1/p·dF/dε,其中R是帘布层的上述拉伸刚度,p是帘布层中各单元的间距,dF/dε是拉力相对于相对延伸率的导数,ε等于0.5%。
根据上面所述,附加帘布层可以由所谓的半弹性连续钢制帘线制成,这样,帘线的相对断裂延伸率为2%至6%。这种帘线可以具有适当的刚度,从而使轮胎圆周方向的拉力适当地分配在各工作胎冠帘布层与附加帘布层上。上述帘线优选具有“双重弹性模量”,也就是说,帘线有一个拉伸应力-相对延伸率关系的曲线,当延伸率低时,拉伸应力斜率较小;当延伸率高时,拉伸应力曲线斜率较大且基本恒定。在轮胎固化前对于小于2%的延伸率,弹性模量很低,这有助于在轮胎固化时提高附加帘布层在圆周方向的形成速度。
附加帘布层还可以用切成段的钢制帘线沿圆周方向分布而制成,这样形成的各段帘线的长度一致且远小于该帘布层在圆周方向的长度,各帘线段沿圆周方向彼此偏置。这样的一个实施例可以以简便的方式使任何附加帘布层具有所需的刚度。
根据本发明的胎冠加强层最后还要简便地加上一个所谓的保护性胎冠帘布层,该帘布层由钢制弹性金属帘线构成,这些帘线与轮胎圆周方向的夹角等于位于径向最外侧的工作胎冠帘布层的帘线与轮胎圆周方向的夹角,而该保护性帘布层的轴向宽度大于由钢制金属单元构成的附加帘布层的轴向宽度,但小于位于径向最外侧的工作帘布层的轴向宽度。
通过参考附图,下面将对本发明的特征及优点作详细解释。附图中显示的最佳实施例不是局限性的。图1中显示的是一个根据本发明的胎冠加强层沿子午线方向切开后的截面形状。
轮胎P的尺寸为315/80R 22.5,其外形比值H/S为0.8,H为轮胎在其安装轮辋以上的高度,S为轮胎的最大轴向宽度。上述轮胎P上包含一个径向胎体加强层1,该胎体加强层中包含一个由金属帘线构成的帘布层。该胎体加强层的两端分别在两个胎边内联接着至少一条胎边嵌线,加强层为一个向上弯曲的形状。该胎体加强层的上方覆盖着一个胎冠加强层3,该胎冠加强层沿径向由内向外由下列部分构成:
一第一个工作胎冠帘布层31,该帘布层由钢制的不可延伸的金属帘线构成,帘线与圆周方向夹角α为22°,工作帘布层31的中央部分平行于胎体加强层1,胎体帘布层的帘线与工作帘布层31的帘线之间的间隔为压延厚度,工作帘布层31的侧向部分通过橡胶成形元件2与胎体加强层相互隔开,这样可使上述工作帘布层稍微有一些弯曲;
-一个附加帘布层32,其在径向覆盖着第一个工作帘布层31,该附加帘布层32由钢制的不可延伸的金属单元构成,各金属单元在圆周方向的长度大致等于帘布层32在圆周方向长度的1/6,上述各单元与圆周方向的夹角为0°;
-第二个工作帘布层33,构成该帘布层的金属帘线与第一个工作帘布层31中的完全一样,这些帘线与圆周方向的夹角为β,β与夹角α方向相反,在图示例中,β等于α,即22°(但也可以与α的值不同);以及
-最后一个帘布层34,该帘布层由所谓的弹性钢制帘线构成,这些帘线与圆周方向夹角为θ,其方向与β一致且大小与β相等(但也可以不相等),这个最后的帘布层称为保护性帘布层,所谓的弹性帘线即断裂时的相对延伸率至少为4%的帘线。
第一个工作帘布层31的轴向宽度L31等于胎体加强层1在中央截面上的最大轴向宽度S0的0.28倍,为226mm,这一宽度对于上述轮胎来说,大致上等于胎面宽度,对于上述示例来说,胎面宽度为235mm。第二个工作帘布层33的轴向宽度L33要小于第一个工作帘布层31的宽度L31,二者差值为0.026S0,即该宽度为204mm。附加帘布层32的轴向宽度L32等于160mm,即0.2S0。最后的胎冠帘布层34,即所谓的保护性帘层的宽度L34比附加帘布层的宽度L32略大,为170mm。
由于工作帘布层31和工作帘布层33是由相同的钢制不带钩9.28型金属帘线制成的,这种帘线直径为1.09mm,帘线不可延伸并且在整个帘布层宽度上保持连续,而且各帘线之间的间距相等,均为1.8mm,因此上工作帘布层的拉伸刚度相等,在0.5%的相对延伸率时大于4000daN/mm,在上述示例中为5500daN/mm。附加帘布层(32)由钢制不带钩27.23型金属帘线切割而构成,帘线直径为1.4mm,各帘线单元圆周方向的长度等于该帘布层在圆周方向长度的20%左右,各帘线单元组成的帘线列之间的间隔为2mm,这样,附加帘布层的拉伸刚度在0.5%的相对延伸率时等于5500daN/mm,拉伸刚度的测量条件前面工作帘布层的一致。
上述轮胎的检测方法如下:首先在一个测试轮鼓上测试,测试条件模拟运输车辆,即负载4000kg,充气压力8.5bar,偏移角5°,行驶速度80km/h;其次在一个测试车上测试,负载大于4500kg,充气压力8.5bar,平均速度105km/h,车辆可视为沿直线可行驶。在测试车上测试时,同传统轮胎相比,测量到的工作胎冠帘布层边缘处的工作温度只降低了一点点,但是另一方面,断裂前的行驶里程却增加了100%。传统轮胎是指其结构为:其上的胎冠加强层上包含一个由倾斜角很大的帘线构成的帘布层、两个由倾斜角很小且在两层上相互交叉的帘线构成的工作帘布层以及一个由弹性帘线构成的保护性帘布层。在测试轮鼓上以偏移角5°行驶时测试到的行驶里程增加值也同样显著,高达80%:根据本发明的轮胎可达7800km,而传统轮胎只有4430km。
附加帘布层32还可以由所谓的“双重弹性模量”的钢制帘线构成。由于只在轮胎在固化模具中成形时才需要该帘布层32具有一定的弹性,因此该帘布层32中可采用这样的帘线;从开始至1%的相对延伸率之间具有低斜率的拉伸弹性模量,例如,最多1000daN/mm2;在相对延伸率超过2%时,具有高斜率的拉伸弹性模量,例如,大于8000daN/mm2

Claims (6)

1、一个外形H/S比值至少为0.5的轮胎,包含一个径向胎体加强层(1)和一个胎冠加强层(3),该胎冠加强层(3)包含至少两个由不可延伸的金属帘线构成的工作帘布层(31、33),不同帘布层上的帘线相互交叉并分别与轮胎圆周方向呈10°至45°间的夹角;该胎冠加强层(3)上还包含一个在轴向保持连续的、由大致平行于轮胎圆周方向的金属加强单元构成的附加帘布层(32);该胎冠加强层(3)中不存在由与轮胎圆周方向构成45°以上夹角的金属单元构成的帘布层;该轮胎的特征在于,上述帘布层(32)位于与胎体加强层(1)径向最近的工作帘布层(31)的上方,该帘布层(32)的单位宽度上的拉伸刚度与胎冠加强层中其他帘布层的拉伸刚度之和的比值在0.35至0.7之间。
2、根据权利要求1的轮胎,其特征在于,附加帘布层(32)中的加强单元由钢制帘线制成,其直径大于二个工作帘布层(31、33)中帘线的直径。
3、根据权利要求1或2中任意一项的轮胎,其特征在于,附加帘布层(32)由所谓的半弹性连续帘线构成,这些帘线在断裂前的相对延伸率在2%至6%之间,并且具有一条表示拉伸应力一相对延伸率关系的曲线,该曲线在低延伸率时斜率较小,而在高延伸率时斜率较大且基本恒定。
4、根据权利要求3的轮胎,其特征在于,上述帘线从拉伸开始至1%的相对延伸率时,具有一个低弹性模量:最多为1000daN/mm2;而在相对延伸率超过2%时,具有一个高弹性模量:大于8000daN/mm2
5、根据权利要求1或2中任意一项的轮胎,其特征在于,附加帘布层(32)由大致平行于轮胎圆周方向的钢制金属帘线切割后制成,切割形成的帘线段的长度远小于该帘布层在圆周方向的长度,各帘线段间的切口在轴向彼此偏离开。
6、根据权利要求1至5中任意一项的轮胎,其特征在于,胎冠加强层(3)中最后还要加上一个胎冠帘布层(34),即所谓的保护性帘布层,该帘布层(34)由钢制弹性金属帘线构成,各帘线与轮胎圆周方向的夹角θ与径向最外侧的工作帘布层(33)中的帘线与圆周方向的夹角β方向相同,帘布层(34)的轴向宽度L34大于由钢制金属单元构成的附加帘布层(32)的轴向宽度L32,但小于径向最外侧的工作帘布层(33)的轴向宽度L33
CN97192381A 1996-02-20 1997-02-11 用于重型载货车辆并有胎冠加强层的轮胎 Expired - Lifetime CN1084263C (zh)

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FR9602177A FR2744954B1 (fr) 1996-02-20 1996-02-20 Armature de sommet pour pneumatique "poids-lourds"
FR96/02177 1996-02-20

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CN104349913A (zh) * 2012-07-13 2015-02-11 横滨橡胶株式会社 充气轮胎

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JP4866123B2 (ja) 2006-03-27 2012-02-01 横浜ゴム株式会社 空気入りタイヤの製造方法
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US7735534B2 (en) 2006-06-28 2010-06-15 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. Heavy duty pneumatic tire with belt hard rubber layer
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CN104349913A (zh) * 2012-07-13 2015-02-11 横滨橡胶株式会社 充气轮胎
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CA2247043C (fr) 2002-04-16
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WO1997030856A1 (fr) 1997-08-28
DE69707268D1 (de) 2001-11-15
US6082425A (en) 2000-07-04
ES2162245T3 (es) 2001-12-16
HUP9901002A2 (hu) 1999-07-28
CN1084263C (zh) 2002-05-08
HU222547B1 (hu) 2003-08-28
FR2744954B1 (fr) 1998-03-20
BR9707859A (pt) 1999-07-27
CA2247043A1 (fr) 1997-08-28
EP0883503B1 (fr) 2001-10-10
KR100453753B1 (ko) 2004-12-23
FR2744954A1 (fr) 1997-08-22
JP2000504655A (ja) 2000-04-18
EP0883503A1 (fr) 1998-12-16

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