CN1210487A - 挤压机 - Google Patents

挤压机 Download PDF

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CN1210487A
CN1210487A CN97192170A CN97192170A CN1210487A CN 1210487 A CN1210487 A CN 1210487A CN 97192170 A CN97192170 A CN 97192170A CN 97192170 A CN97192170 A CN 97192170A CN 1210487 A CN1210487 A CN 1210487A
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rotor
hole
supplying duct
extension
extruder
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CN1070411C (zh
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于利·耶尔文凯烈
卡里·柯尔雅瓦伊嫩
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Gijert A Winter AG
Maillefer SA
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Conenor Oy
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/12—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement
    • F16L9/121—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement with three layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/06—Rod-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/33—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles with parts rotatable relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/335—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/335—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles
    • B29C48/336—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles the components merging one by one down streams in the die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/335—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles
    • B29C48/336—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles the components merging one by one down streams in the die
    • B29C48/3366—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles the components merging one by one down streams in the die using a die with concentric parts, e.g. rings, cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/465—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/465—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using rollers
    • B29C48/467—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using rollers using single rollers, e.g. provided with protrusions, closely surrounded by a housing with movement of the material in the axial direction
    • B29C48/468—Cavity transfer mixing devices, i.e. a roller and surrounding barrel both provided with cavities; Barrels and rollers therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种挤压机,其包括至少两个圆锥形定子和至少一个可转动的转子,转子位于定子之间。挤压机包含一个供给导管(3),用于将材料供进定子(2)之间的空间,转子(1)在供给导管(3)的洞口处包含有孔穴(5),通过这些孔穴(5)所供材料能够流进转子(1)的内部。供给导管(3)的端口和由转子(1)的孔穴(5)和/或其沟槽(7,7a,7b)所形成的通道是这样设计的,即:在供给导管(3)端口处的通道可见部分的面积在本质上保持在转子转动时处于定值。在此种情况下,通过供给导管(3)所供应的材料能够均匀地从供给导管(3)通过孔穴(5)流至转子(1)的沟槽(7,7a,7b),使得在材料流动中,将不会出现抽吸效应。

Description

挤压机
本发明涉及一种挤压机，其包括至少两个定子，即：内定子，其具有至少一个外表面，该外表面至少大部分呈圆锥形；和外定子，其具有至少一个内表面，该内表面至少大部分呈圆锥形；所述挤压机还至少具有一个转子，该转子至少大部分呈圆锥形，并位于各定子之间；该挤压机包含一供给导管，用于将材料供给定子之间的空间；以及，该转子在供给导管的洞口包含有孔穴，通过这些孔穴，至少一部分所输进的材料能够流过。
美国出版的专利文献3 314 108公开的挤压机具有两个圆锥形定子和一个圆锥形转子，该转子能够在定子之间转动。需要挤压的塑性材料通过两个不同的导管供给至转子的不同侧边。通过不同导管的材料杂质被所供材料端部的封圈所阻止。材料以如下方式被输送至转子的内部，即：在材料供给导管的端口处，转子具有孔穴，材料能够通过该孔穴流动至转子内部。当转子转动时，孔穴途径供给导管的洞口，于是，作用在沿着导管所供材料上的阻力随着孔穴相对于导管洞口的位置而变化。这就造成了材料的抽吸效应，降低了供给率，甚至破坏了材料的分布。
欧洲专利申请89 906 779.7公开的挤压机包括数个圆锥形定子和能够在定子之间转动的转子。所挤压的材料沿着一个导管供给至每个转子的开端，因此，转子在进口处含有孔穴，通过这些孔穴，材料同样可以流动至转子的另一侧。如上所述，这种结构所存在的问题是，作用在沿着导管所供材料上的阻力随着转子的转动和随着转子的孔穴同时途经导管的洞口而变化。
本发明的目的在于提供一种挤压机，其不存在上述问题，并且所挤压的材料能够均匀地供给至该挤压机内。
如本发明所述的挤压机，其特征在于，供给导管的端口和由转子的孔穴和/或沟槽所形成的通道是以如下方式设计的，即：在供给导管的端口处，通道可见部分的面积总和，随着转子的转动而始终保持本质上的定值。
本发明的主要思想是，在将材料供给转子的导管的端部，也就是在定子和转子的连接处，在转子转动的每一时刻，可见的转子通道的面积总和，在供给导管的端口处，在本质上保持常数。更进一步地，本发明所推荐的实施例的思想在于，供给洞口端的宽度本质上等于两转子通道中心间的距离，或者是该距离的数倍。在此情况下，材料至少暂时地从供给导管同时供给至最少两个不同的转子通道。本发明的另一个推荐实施例的思想在于，供给导管的端部包含一个延伸部分，因此，供给导管的端口处具有比导管其它部分更大的横截面。更进一步地，一个推荐实施例的思想在于，供给导管端面处的延伸部分所具有的容积在本质上与位于延伸部分处的转子通道的容积相等。另外一个推荐实施例的思想是在供给导管端口处的延伸部分具有非对称形状，也就是该延伸部分在端部逐渐缩小。
本发明的优点是，沿着供给导管所输送的材料能够通过转子通道从供给导管均匀地流动，因此，在材料的流动中将不会出现抽吸效应。通过利用供给导管端口处的延伸部分，导管本身可以制成很小，以使通过供给导管的流体不会在供给导管中滞留过长的时间，这就防止了材料的有害的非均匀暖热。当供给导管端口处的延伸部分的容积与转子通道的相应容积大小相等时，可以使得在转子孔穴从延伸部分的一端移至另一端的时间内，处在延伸部分内的材料发生完全地变化，因此，材料在挤压机内滞留的时间将尽可能地短，并且分布集中。当供给导管端口处的延伸部分被做成非对称形状时，转动转子使得材料在同一方向上转动，并且朝端部逐渐缩小的该非对称的延伸部分迫使材料进入转子孔穴，从而产生更加均匀的供给流动。
本发明将在下文结合附图被详细地进行说明，其中：
图1是根据本发明的挤压机的流体进口的截面形状图，
图2是根据本发明的挤压机的流体进口的另一个实施例的截面图，
图3是转子实施例的侧视示意图，
图4是另一个转子实施例的侧视示意图，和
图5是图4所示结构的截面形状图。
图1示出了挤压机材料进口的截面形状。该挤压机包含一个圆锥形转子1，它被设置成朝着箭头A所示的方向转动。所谓圆锥形状的定义一般是指其大部分呈圆锥形的设置，也就是说，例如转子的某些部分可能是圆筒形的，也比如包含一个圆筒形的延伸段，正如本申请人自己的专利申请PCT/FI96/00261所描述的那样，其内容也包含于此，以供参考。静态定子2被设置在转子1的外围。为了清晰起见，图1中所示的定子2仅仅是其局部，但在实际中它是整圈地围绕着转子1。在转子1的内部设有另外一个静态定子，为了清晰起见，在图1中未示出。供给导管3被设置成穿过外侧定子2。通过供给导管3，挤压机接受材料，例如，这些材料可以形成塑料管、电缆套、胶片、以及其它类似的产品。转子1包含有孔穴5，通过这些孔穴，由供给导管3输送的材料可以流动至转子1的内部，即转子1和内侧定子之间。该挤压机的结构对于本领域的技术人员来说是完全熟知的，因此，在这里就不再更详细地予以描述。
延伸部分4形成于供给导管3的端口部分，也就是靠近转子1的一端。延伸部分4靠贴转子的部分的面积大于供给导管3的截面面积。以这种方式，输送材料在供给导管3中所滞留的时间可以被缩短，这就防止了由材料的非均匀暖热所造成的问题。供给导管3通常具有圆形截面，但其截面形状也同样可以是其它形式，比如椭圆，或者可能是某种非对称形状。所挤压的材料输送进供给导管3，例如可通过输送蛇管、或者送料斗、或其它所熟知的方式进行。
靠着转子1侧边的延伸部分4的宽度在图1中本质上等于转子孔穴5中心之间的距离。为了确保足够良好的特性，延伸部分4的宽度和孔穴5中心之间的距离不应该有多于15％的偏差，靠在转子1的延伸部分4的连接处可以具有，比如椭圆形的帽状、圆形或者其它合适的形状。也可以是非对称形状。当转子1沿着箭头A所指的方向转动时，可片刻地看到在延伸部分4处的一个孔穴。随着转子1的向前转动，可片刻地看到在延伸部分4处的两个孔穴，但每个孔穴在延伸部分4处仅是部分地可见。孔穴5和延伸部分4应以如下方式制成合适的形状，即：在延伸部分4处的可见孔穴5的各部分加在一起构成一个面积，该面积始终在本质上等于该孔穴5的完整的面积。换言之，在延伸部分4处最先可见的孔穴5以如下方式途经延伸部分4，即：在延伸部分4的区域内完全不可见时，下一个孔穴5便开始可见了。更进一步地，当第一个可见的孔穴的区域在延伸部分4处变得越来越小时，下一个孔穴5的相应区域会越来越多地变得可见。孔穴5可见部分的面积，其变化值在延伸部分4处不应该超过这些面积平均值的40％。如果该变化值越小，则效果自然也越好。
孔穴5通常为圆形，但其它形式的孔穴，比如椭圆形，同样是可以的。孔穴5也可以是非对称形状的。最好将孔穴5制成相对于转子半径倾斜α角度。通过改变α角，可以影响所输送的材料穿过孔穴5的容易程度。α角越大，削割进所供给材料的孔穴5的边缘就越尖。更为甚者，当α角度值大时，孔穴5的边缘会增加所供给材料的纤维破坏程度。
最好将延伸部分4的容积制成与孔穴5的容积在本质上相等。孔穴5的容积由转子1的外侧和内侧表面以及孔穴5的侧壁来确定。相应地，延伸部分4的容积由靠贴转子1的延伸部分的表面区域、延伸部分的深度D以及延伸部分切削进定子的形状来确定。当孔穴5的容积Vr与延伸部分4的容积Vs相等时，所输送的材料可以以与延伸部分4容积相对应的数量供给一个孔穴5，因此，所输送的材料滞留在挤压机内的时间可以被精心地加以控制。孔穴5的容积Vr与延伸部分4的容积Vs不应有多于40％的偏差，以便材料的滞留时间可以得到控制。
图2示出了依据本发明的挤压机的流体进口的另一实施例的截面形状。图2中标注的标记对应于图1所标注的标记。供给导管3的延伸部分4被制成如下的非对称形状，即：延伸部分的容积沿着转子1的转动方向A朝延伸部分的端部而减小。沿着方向A转动的转子1迫使所输送的材料朝着同一方向转动，而不断减小的延伸部分4的容积使得材料进入孔穴5。材料均匀地流动，因为它从供给导管流动至延伸部分4时并不改变流动方向。供给导管3可进一步地处在这样一个位置，即：它不指向转子1的中心，而是与该中心偏离β角。于是，根据转子1的转动方向，所供给的材料可以更好地均匀流动，并且可更流畅地流动。当β角增大时，位于供给导管3端口的延伸部分4可以减小，并且，在极端情况下，角度β可如此之宽，即：使供给导管3与转子1几乎相切，于是，也就不需要单独的延伸部分4了，但面对转子1的供给导管端口的宽度在本质上与孔穴5中心之间的距离相等，或者是该距离的数倍。
图3是转子实施例的侧视示意图。图3中所标注的标记对应于图1和图2中所标注的标记。图3示出了转子1的圆锥形状。在转子内部和外部的定子至少在靠转子侧边的表面处具有自然的圆锥形状。孔穴5是非对称性的，因此，当材料由供给导管3供给时，少量的材料首先流过孔穴5，并且，当孔穴5更接近于供给导管的端口时，孔穴更多的部分处于可见状态，因此，在此端有更多的材料流过孔穴5。在图3中，供给导管3的延伸部分4的轮廓是借助于点划线显示的。图3所示的非对称转子的开孔方式，可以使得每个孔穴在处于供给导管的期间内加速提供材料供给量。
图4是本发明所述装置中的一部分转子1的侧视图。图中标注的标记对应于图1至图3所标注的标记。图4示出了转子1在材料供给的部分。在图4所示的情形中，所挤压的材料由一个供给装置供应给转子1的内部和外部。在该供应装置中，转子1包含孔穴5，一部分材料能够经由该孔穴5从供应装置流进转子1内。孔穴5的边缘具有斜面，使得每个斜面能够保证材料由孔穴5光滑地流动至定子内部的沟槽中。在图4中，用虚线描述了引导转子1内部的材料的斜面和转子内部的沟槽。通过孔穴5，可以观察到设置在定子2上的沟槽6，该沟槽6促使材料在转子1和内定子2之间的流动。
在转子1的外侧的孔穴5之间具有沟槽7。在沟槽7的端部，有一扩张部分7a，同样它也被做成斜坡形。于是，所供给的材料由供给导管流动至该扩张部分7a和沟槽7中，以此种方式，材料可由这里流动至转子1和外定子2之间的转子1的外部。因此，仅需一个供应装置便可均匀地将材料供给转子的内部和外部。
供给导管中的延伸部分4的轮廓在图4中是利用点划线来示意的。由转子1的沟槽7、其扩张部分7a和孔穴5在延伸部分4的可见区域所形成的通道的面积在转子1转动时本质上保持定值。同样，最好使该通道的容积对应于延伸部分4的容积。通道4的表面和容积可通过在转子1外侧沟槽7之间提供一个或数个连接沟槽7b来容易地进行调节。通过连接沟槽7b，也可以促使转子1和定子2之间的材料的有效供应。
在转子1的沟槽7的两端并不是必须需要扩张部分7a，但沟槽7沿其整个长度应该具有本质上相同的宽度。沟槽7也可仅从孔穴5的上方开始，以便能够容易地将沟槽7设置成相互靠近的位置。在此种情况下，在供给洞口的下方部分，转子通道仅由孔穴5形成，并且在上方部分则由沟槽7、可能的扩张部分7a和连接沟槽7b来形成。
图5是图4所示转子部分的截面图。图中标注的标记对应于图1至图4所标注的标记。材料最好由加力输送螺杆供给至供给导管3中，该螺杆提供足够高的压力给所供应的材料，此时，材料流动至挤压机。加力输送螺杆和在孔穴5和沟槽7的扩张部分7a之后提供的斜面能确保在沟槽7中具有足够数量的挤压材料，以便该挤压机能确保具有良好和稳定的产量。在图5中，用虚线描述了位于截面位置之后的孔穴5和相关的斜面。
本发明的附图和相关的说明仅仅用来说明本发明思想。本发明的具体细节在权利要求范围内可以有所变化。因此，在供给导管端口处同时可见的转子1的孔穴5可以是两个以上，只要孔穴5的可见部分面积的总和保持本质上的定值即可。相应地，供给导管端口处的宽度则应等于在转子1中孔穴5中心之间距离的数倍。该挤压机自然也可以含有一个以上的转子和两个以上的定子。

Claims (8)

1．一种挤压机，包含至少两个定子(2)，即：内定子，其具有至少一个外表面，该外表面至少大部分呈圆锥形；和外定子，其具有至少一个内表面，该内表面至少大部分呈圆锥形；所述挤压机还至少具有一个转子(1)，该转子至少大部分呈圆锥形，并位于各定子(2)之间；该挤压机包含一个供给导管(3)，用于将材料供应给定子(2)之间的空间；以及，该转子(1)在供给导管(3)的洞口处包含有孔穴(5)，通过这些孔穴(5)，至少一部分所输进的材料能够流过，其特征在于：供给导管(3)的端口和由转子(1)的孔穴(5)和/或转子(1)的沟槽(7,7a,7b)所形成的通道是这样设计的，即：各通道的可见部分的面积总和，在供给导管(3)端口处，随着转子的转动而始终保持本质上的定值。
2．如权利要求1所述的挤压机，其特征在于：沿着转子(1)的转动方向上的供给导管(3)的端口宽度在本质上与转子(1)的孔穴(5)的中心之间的距离相等，或者是该距离的数倍。
3．如权利要求1或2所述的挤压机，其特征在于：供给导管(3)偏离转子(1)的中心β角。
4．如上述权利要求其中之一所述的挤压机，其特征在于：供给导管(3)的端部包含一个延伸部分(4)，因此，供给导管(3)的端部具有比供给导管(3)的其它截面更大的横截面。
5．如权利要求4所述的挤压机，其特征在于：供给导管(3)中的延伸部分(4)的容积(Vs)在本质上与转子(1)的延伸部分(4)处的转子(1)的通道容积(Vr)相等。
6．如权利要求4或5所述的挤压机，其特征在于：在供给导管(3)端口处的延伸部分(4)具有如下的非对称形状，即：延伸部分朝着端部方向逐渐缩小。
7．如上述权利要求其中之一所述的挤压机，其特征在于：转子(1)的孔穴(5)相对于转子半径呈α角度的倾斜。
8．如上述权利要求其中之一所述的挤压机，其特征在于：转子(1)的孔穴(5)具有非对称形状。
CN97192170A 1996-02-08 1997-02-07 挤压机 Expired - Fee Related CN1070411C (zh)

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