CN1209890A - 自动化设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
推荐一种自动化设备,该设备适于在全球分布的自动化互联网内使用。另外本发明还为这种全球分布的自动化互联网提出一种通用的管理-工程-与信息系统。本发明应用于全球分布的自动化互联网。
Description
本发明涉及一种按权利要求1前序部分所述的自动化设备。此外,本发明还涉及一种通用的、分布式自动化-和管理-工程-及信息系统。
在西门子产品目录ST70(1995版)中记载了一种具有权利要求1前序部分特征的自动化设备。用户利用编程器编制用于控制技术过程的程序,所述程序包括诸如管理模块、程序模块和维护数据模块等软件功能模块。此自动化设备通过总线系统与编程器连接,编程器通过此总线系统将控制程序传输到自动化设备中。此外可在总线系统上连接操作和显示器,所述操作和显示器用于过程控制并可以显示包括多个图像目标的过程图。
经常需要将控制程序的软件功能模块从生产地点的自动化设备或从此生产地点的软件包传输到另一个生产地点的自动化设备中。尤其是当这些生产地点相互距离很远时,例如由于生产活动的全球化,这些软件功能模块将通过全球网络“INTERNET(国际互联网)”传输。为此需要具有相应通信接口的服务器,该通信接口一端是通过INTERNET通信协议,另一端是通过自动化设备的通信协议实现的。由于协议不同和自动化设备的体系结构,不可能实现软件功能模块在控制程序的运行时间的装入,尤其对不同制造厂商生产的自动化设备提供这些软件功能模块更是不可能的。
本发明的目的是创造一种本说明书引言部分中所述的自动化设备,该设备适于在全球分布的自动化互联网中使用。此外,还提供一种用于全球分布的自动化互联网,以编程器和操作与显示器形式实现的管理-工程系统,另外还提出一种以工作站和数据库服务器形式实现的管理-工程与信息系统。
本发明的目的就自动化设备而言是通过一种具有在权利要求1特征部分中所述特征的本说明书引言部分中所述的自动化设备实现的,就通用管理-工程系统而言是通过在权利要求6和10的特征中所述的措施实现的。
有关本发明的有益的设计,请参见从属权利要求。
下面将对照表述本发明实施例的附图对本发明、其设计及优点作进一步的说明。
图中示出:
图1为通用的分布式自动化-和管理-工程和信息系统示意图;
图2为程序转换结构图;
图3和4为软件功能模块流程图(程序逻辑控制-目标-引擎-系统)。
一个全球分布的自动化互联网的两个生产地点1和2通过一个已知的全球网络“INTERNET”3互相连接,其中备有相应的防止非授权人将数据传输到生产地点1、2的数据处理部件内的装置4、5。生产地点1、2配有多个分别以自动化设备6、编程器7、操作和显示器8和工作站9形式实现的INTERNET通信接口设备。这些INTERNET通信接口使设备之间可以实现传输控制协议/互联网协议(TCP/IP)的协议通信。自动化设备在控制运行期间周期地和/或中断控制地处理由多个软件功能模块构成的控制程序,对其的主要要求是,这些软件功能模块应可装入该自动化设备中并应在控制程序运行期间装入该自动化设备中。为满足这一要求和使软件功能模块能通过INTERNET和INTERNET通信接口直接装入自动化设备中并能在控制程序运行期间装入此自动化设备中,软件功能模块的设计是面向目标的。软件功能模块可通过INTERNET动态地装入和扩展,并且此自动化设备备有软件功能模块过程控制(程序逻辑控制-目标-引擎-系统),该过程控制将这些软件功能模块装入控制程序中并在控制运行期间进行处理。
由蒂姆·里奇所著的书“Java!”(由New Riders出版社1995年出版)记载了一种程序设计语言,它由源语言生成面向目标的编码并适用于INTERNET网。书中介绍了源语言“JAVAC”,由此源语言可生成面向目标的Java字节码。此语言手段其他有益的特性主要是代码的可移植性以及误码处理的机理。通过此代码的可移植性,保证了具有以Java字节码译码器10的形式实现的过程控制的自动化设备,可不受自动化设备的处理器-硬件-结构11影响(与生产厂商无关),处理通过INTERNET输入自动化设备的Java功能模块。当然出于对性能的考虑自动化设备宜配备一直接处理Java码的Java处理器12。
图2表示出面向目标的代码的可移植性,图中示出程序转换-结构图。
用户利用编程器根据所要解决的控制任务的规模编制以连接图KOP、功能图FuP、指令表AWL或其他相应的诸如在IEC 1131标准中说明的形式实现的控制程序。编程器在用户级上将此控制程序转换成源语言Qu,例如源语言“JAVAC”,或如图中虚线所示直接转换成面向目标的、可装入结构不同的自动化设备AG1、AG2、AG3、AG4中的机器语言Ms,例如Java字节码。在用户级上为了产生机器码对所有的自动化设备只需要一个编译程序。假定自动化设备AG4具有用于处理机器语言Ms的代码发生器G,则此自动化设备AG4便可以直接处理此代码。此外还假定自动化设备AG1、AG2、AG3不备有此类代码发生器,而是包含有不同的处理器PR1、PR2、PR3。为了使自动化设备AG1、AG2、AG3能够处理代码Ms,这些自动化设备分别备有一译码器IP1、IP2、IP3。这些译码器IP1、IP2、IP3在控制程序运行期间分别生成可由处理器PR1、PR2、PR3解释的代码。
面向目标的软件功能模块的编程是通过生产地点1、2的编程器7(图1)或通过同样连接在INTERNET上的编程器14实现的。除操作和显示器8及工作站9外,这些编程器8、14也是管理-工程系统的组成部分。编程器将软件模块经有关的INTERNET通信接口和INTERNET输入相应的自动化设备。在例如必须改变模块的情况下,自动化设备6或服务器13首先通过INTERNET将相应的软件功能模块传输给其中一个编程器7。最后,编程器7补充或修正此模块,并将它重新传输给其中一个自动化设备。此外,编程器备有软件功能模块运行系统(程序逻辑控制-目标-引擎-系统;引导、执行-引擎-目标、看门狗、输入/输出模块目标),该系统用于对控制程序进行模拟。
在生产地点1、2加以控制的过程的过程操作和过程控制,同样通过连接在INTERNET上并可在INTERNET上运行的操作和显示器8实现。操作和显示器8,例如生产地点1的操作和显示器8,产生一个包括操作和显示的软件模块在内的操作和显示程序,用于生成和显示包含多个图像目标的过程图,其中图像目标与控制程序的软件功能模块有关(交替作用)。操作和显示软件模块为面向目标的并可直接经INTERNET传输。当然也可以在编程器7上建立过程图并在过程控制时通过INTERNET将过程图输送给操作和显示器8。
为了在大容量的自动化系统中减少装在一个自动化设备内部的输入和输出件的数量,采用例如现场智能设备作为分散式子系统。分布式的自动化-和管理-工程系统具有一个图中未示出的现场智能设备,至少有一个控制程序的软件功能模块输送给该设备,该设备在控制运行期间周期地和/或中断控制地对控制程序进行处理,其中软件功能模块为可写入的并可在控制程序运行期间装入此控制程序中。软件功能模块为面向目标的并可通过INTERNET和现场设备的INTERNET通信接口写入现场设备中,其中现场设备具有一个软件功能模块过程系统(程序逻辑控制-目标-引擎-系统;引导、执行-引擎-目标、看门狗、输入/输出模块目标),该系统用于装入软件功能模块SFO1、…、SFO4并处理控制程序。
下面在图3和4中示出自动化设备和/或现场智能设备和/或编程器(用于模拟控制程序)的软件功能模块过程控制系统(程序逻辑控制-目标-引擎-系统)。首先假定对控制程序周期地进行处理(图3),这意味着,与要控制的技术过程的过程输入和输出的信号状态无关,例如自动化设备的CPU(中央处理单元)周期性地a.询问过程输入的信号状态并将其储存在输入的过程图中,b.根据有待处理的控制程序的给定参数步进地对此控制程序进行处理,c.计算出的信号状态储存在输出的过程图中,同时这些信号状态从那里到达过程输出。
软件功能模块运行系统的重要组成部分是以引导Bos、输入/输出模块IO、执行-引擎-目标ExE以及看门狗Wd形式实现的面向目标的编程单元。当然看门狗Wd不必为软件模块结构,而可用硬件实现。在本发明的实际的实施例中,执行-引擎-目标ExE和看门狗Wd构成所谓的“控制功能元件(threads)”。由微软公司95年7月的出版物“支援微软视窗95,学习工作手册”对“控制功能元件”的工作方式和作用方式做了说明,故在此不再赘述。在引导单元Bos中储存了软件功能模块级和输入/输出模块级。这些等级例如由用户根据要解决的控制任务的给定参数在编程器上建立并传输给例如自动化设备或现场设备。引导单元Bos在控制运行开始前由软件功能模块级生成软件功能模块目标并由输入/输出模块级生成输入/输出模块目标。在本例中只示出了四个软件功能模块目标SFO1…SFO4和一个输入/输出模块目标IO,在后者中储存有输入和输出的过程图并可将此技术过程的过程输入的信号状态输入其中以及通过它输送技术过程的过程输出的信号状态。此外,在控制运行一开始,引导单元Bos将要处理的软件功能模块目标SFO1…SFO4的清单输送给执行-引擎-目标ExE。在控制运行开始时,引导单元Bos传输一个信息Nas(方法调用),以此起动执行-引擎-目标ExE。在第一个处理步骤中,执行-引擎-目标ExE向看门狗Wd输送一个信息Naw,它促使看门狗Wd监视执行-引擎-目标ExE的周期时间。在执行-引擎-目标ExE超过规定的周期时间的情况下,看门狗Wd向执行-引擎-目标ExE传输一个信息Nar,使执行-引擎-目标ExE复位。此外,在超过周期时间的情况下,看门狗Wd使过程图输出和过程输出复位,其中看门狗Wd为此向输入/输出模块目标IO输送一个信息Nia。在执行-引擎-目标ExE起动看门狗Wd后,执行-引擎-目标ExE进行控制运行并首先实施一个处理周期,该周期包括下述步骤:A)执行-引擎-目标ExE从输入/输出模块目标IO读出过程图的输入口信号状态,更新过程图的输入,其中通过方法调用Nae在目标间进行信号状态的交换,B)分别对软件功能模块目标SFO1…SFO4的每一个处理步骤进行处理,其中执行-引擎-目标ExE将相应的方法调用NSF1…NSF4输送给软件功能模块目标SFO1…SFO4,这些软件功能模块目标SFO1…SFO4通过方法调用Nso在输入/输出模块目标IO的过程图上存取,以及最后C)执行-引擎-目标ExE将过程图的输出写入输入/输出模块目标IO中,从而更新过程图的输出,其中又通过方法调用Naa在目标之间进行信号状态的交换。
输入/输出模块目标IO通过相应的接口对有待控制的技术过程的过程输出进行供给并如上所述向软件功能模块目标SFO1…SFO4提供过程图的输入和输出的信号状态。
现在假定,对控制程序中断控制地进行处理(图4),这意味着,在信号状态改变的情况下在有待控制的技术过程的其中一个过程输入处应毫不迟延地采取相应的控制措施。对图3和4中相同的部分用相同的附图标记加以标示。下面仅对与控制程序周期处理(图3)的区别加以说明。在控制程序的中断控制地处理的情况下,引导单元Bos在控制运行开始时并不象在周期处理的情况下那样将有待处理的软件功能模块目标的清单传递给执行-引擎-目标ExE,而传递的是每个过程输入的“要调用的”软件功能模块目标。这意味着,为每个过程输入分配一个软件功能模块目标,并且在一个过程输入处信号状态改变时应起动分配给此输入的软件功能模块目标。就处理步骤B)与周期处理不同的是,执行-引擎-目标ExE在此处理周期内实施步骤D),该步骤包括:D)确定在过程图输入处信号状态的变化并对分配给这些输入的软件功能模块目标进行处理。在企业中产生的其他任务,如材料经济、生产计划、人员调配等都被综合在上位概念管理信息系统之下,并通过同样连接在INTERNET上的工作站或服务器进行处理。对比要使用大型的数据库,这些数据库保持有作为分过程代表的持久的面向目标的软件功能模块并在必要时投入运行。
自动化设备和现场智能设备的软件功能模块就草案、设计、自动化任务的程序设计和自动化网的部件之间的互联而言,与管理工程系统中以及管理工程和信息系统中的软件功能模块都是兼容的。因此对任务的扩展或任务的转移实现起来明了并且比迄今的更为简单。
本发明提出了一种通用的实现全球运行的自动化系统。避免了自动化设备与标准计算机的根据已有技术大大脱节的现象。开创了对诸如过程、资源和机构等整个企业要素面向目标模型化的可能性。由这些目标模型开始的软件的实现是根据通用设计通过统一的工具链实现的。在过程优化或变化的阶段中,可通过目标的移动方便地实现软件适配。此外,采用集中计划、模拟和优化可实现全球灵活的和分布的生产。
Claims (20)
1.一种自动化设备,控制程序的软件功能模块输送给此自动化设备,自动化设备在控制运行期间周期地和/或中断控制地处理控制程序,其中软件功能模块是可写入的并在控制程序运行期间可装入此控制程序中,其特征在于:软件功能模块(SFO1、…、SFO4)是面向目标的并可通过国际互联网(INTERNET)和自动化设备的INTERNET通信接口写入自动化设备中;并且自动化设备具有用于装入软件功能模块目标(SFO1、…、SFO4)和用于处理控制程序的软件功能模块运行系统(程序逻辑控制-目标-引擎-系统PLC-Object-Engine-System;引导Bos、执行-引擎-目标ExE、看门狗Wd、输入/输出模块目标IO)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的自动化设备,其特征在于:软件功能模块运行系统包括一个执行-引擎-目标(ExE)、一个看门狗(Wd)、一个引导(Bos)和个输入/输出模块目标(IO),在输入/输出模块目标中存有输入和输出的过程图并且可将过程输入的信号状态输送给输入/输出模块目标并通过它将信号状态输送给过程输出;引导(Bos)在控制运行开始前生成软件功能模块目标(SFO1、…、SFO4)和输入/输出模块目标(IO),并在对控制程序周期处理的情况下将有待处理的软件功能模块目标(SFO1、…、SFO4)清单输送给执行-引擎-目标(ExE),而在对控制程序中断控制处理的情况下将每一个过程输入的有待处理的软件功能模块目标(SFO1、…、SFO4)的清单输送给执行-引擎-目标(ExE);引导(Bos)在控制运行开始时起动执行-引擎-目标(ExE),后者首先起动看门狗(Wd),看门狗在超过周期时间时使执行-引擎-目标(ExE)复位,并接着周期性地-更新过程图的输入,-在对控制程序进行周期处理的情况下分别对软件功能模块目标(SFO1、…、SFO4)的一个处理步骤进行处理,-在对控制程序进行中断控制处理的情况下确定输入端处信号状态的变化并对分配给这些输入端的软件功能模块目标(SFO1、…、SFO4)进行处理,-更新过程图的输出。
3.按照权利要求2所述的自动化设备,其特征在于:执行-引擎-目标(ExE)和看门狗(Wd)为“控制功能元件”。
4.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的自动化设备,其特征在于:通信接口实现了传输控制协议/互联网协议的协议通信。
5.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的自动化设备,其特征在于:软件功能模块(SFO1、…、SFO4)是Java字节编码的,并且是用编程语言“JAVAC”或用根据IEC 1131标准的编程语言编制的。
6.一种用于编制控制程序的软件功能模块的编程器,控制程序输送给自动化设备,在控制运行期间自动化设备周期地和/或中断控制地对控制程序进行处理,其中软件功能模块是可写入的并在控制程序运行期间可装入控制程序中,其特征在于:编程器面向目标地编制软件功能模块(SFO1、…、SFO4);编程器通过INTERNET和编程器的INTERNET通信接口将软件功能模块(SFO1、…、SFO4)输送给自动化设备;和/或通过INTERNET和INTERNET通信接口将软件功能模块(SFO1、…、SFO4)输送给编程器。
7.按照权利要求6所述的编程器,其特征在于:编程器具有一个用于模拟控制程序的软件功能模块运行控制系统(程序逻辑控制-目标-引擎-系统;引导、执行-引擎-目标、看门狗、输入/输出模块目标)。
8.按照权利要求6或7所述的编程器,其特征在于:通信接口实现了传输控制协议/互联网协议的协议通信。
9.按照权利要求6至8中任一项所述的编程器,其特征在于:用可在编程器上运行的编程语言“JAVAC”或根据IEC 1131标准的一种编程语言编制软件功能模块(SFO1、…、SFO4)并通过编程器编译成Java字节码。
10.一种操作和显示器,其带有操作和显示程序的操作与显示软件模块,用于编制和显示含有多个图像目标的过程图,过程图用于过程控制,其中图像目标与控制程序的软件功能模块有关,在控制运行期间自动化设备对控制程序进行处理,其中操作与显示软件模块是可写入的并在操作和显示程序运行期间可装入控制程序中,其特征在于:操作和显示器面向目标地编制操作与显示软件模块;对操作和显示软件模块由操作和显示器通过INTERNET和操作和显示器的INTERNET通信接口进行传输;和/或通过INTERNET和INTERNET通信接口将操作和显示软件模块和/或过程参数输送给操作和显示器;操作和显示器具有用于对操作和显示软件模块进行处理的一个操作与显示软件模块运行系统(操作与显示的目标-引擎-系统)。
11.按照权利要求10所述的操作和显示器,其特征在于:通信接口实现了传输控制协议/互联网协议的协议通信。
12.按照权利要求10或11所述的操作和显示器,其特征在于:操作与显示软件模块是采用能在操作和显示器上运行的编程语言“JAVA C”或根据IEC 1131标准的编程语言编制的,并可通过操作和显示器编译成Java字节码。
13.一种现场智能设备,至少控制程序的一个软件功能模块输送给该设备,该设备在控制运行期间周期地和/或中断控制地处理控制程序,其中软件功能模块是可写入的并在控制程序运行期间可装入控制程序内,其特征在于:软件功能模块(SFO1、…、SFO4)是面向目标的并可通过INTERNET和现场设备的INTERNET通信接口写入现场设备内;现场设备具有一个用于装入软件功能模块(SFO1、…、SFO4)和处理控制程序的软件功能模块运行控制系统(程序逻辑控制-目标-引擎-系统;引导、执行-引擎-目标、看门狗、输入/输出模块目标)。
14.按照权利要求13所述的现场智能设备,其特征在于:软件功能模块运行系统包括一个执行-引擎-目标(ExE)、一个看门狗(Wd)、一个引导(Bos)和一个输入/输出模块目标(IO),在输入/输出模块目标中储存有输入和输出的过程图并且过程输入的信号状态被输送给它并通过它将信号状态输送给过程输出;引导(Bos)在控制运行开始前生成软件功能模块目标(SFO1、…SFO4)和输入/输出模块目标(IO),并在对控制程序周期地处理的情况下向执行-引擎-目标(ExE)输送有待处理的软件功能模块目标(SFO1、…、SFO4)的清单,而在对控制程序中断控制地处理的情况下向执行-引擎-目标(ExE)输送每一个过程输入的有待处理的软件功能模块目标(SFO1、…、SFO4)清单;引导(Bos)在控制运行开始时起动执行-引擎-目标(ExE),后者首先起动看门狗(Wd),看门狗在超过周期时间时使执行-引擎-目标(ExE)复位,并接着周期地-更新过程图的输入,-在对控制程序周期处理的情况下分别对软件功能模块目标(SFO1、…、SFO4)的一个处理步骤进行处理,-在对控制程序中断控制处理的情况下确定输入端的信号状态的变化并对分配给这些输入的软件功能模块目标(SFO1、…、SFO4)进行处理,-更新过程图的输出。
15.按照权利要求14所述的现场智能设备,其特征在于:执行-引擎-目标(ExE)和看门狗(Wd)为“控制功能元件”。
16.按照权利要求13至15中任一项所述的现场智能设备,其特征在于:通信接口实现了传输控制协议/互联网协议的协议通信。
17.按照权利要求13至16中任一项所述的现场智能设备,其特征在于:软件功能模块(SFO1、…、SFO4)系Java字节编码的,并采用编程语言“JAVAC”或根据IEC 1131标准的编程语言进行编制。
18.一种自动化系统,其具有至少一个按照权利要求1至5中任一项所述的自动化设备,具有至少一个按照权利要求6至9中任一项所述的编程器,和/或具有至少一个按照权利要求10至12中任一项所述的操作和显示器。
19.按照权利要求18所述的自动化系统具有至少一个按照权利要求13至17中任一项所述的现场智能设备。
20.一种自动化互联网,其具有一个按照权利要求18或19所述的自动化系统,并具有至少一个工作站和/或一个服务器,它们具有用于编制和处理面向目标的软件功能模块(SFO1、…、SFO4)的手段。
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JP3251414B2 (ja) * | 1994-01-11 | 2002-01-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | プログラマブルコントローラおよびそのプログラム容量変更方法 |
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1997
- 1997-01-16 KR KR1019980705393A patent/KR100300776B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-01-16 DE DE59700413T patent/DE59700413D1/de not_active Revoked
- 1997-01-16 CZ CZ982220A patent/CZ222098A3/cs unknown
- 1997-01-16 ES ES97906801T patent/ES2136467T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-16 EP EP97906801A patent/EP0875023B1/de not_active Revoked
- 1997-01-16 PL PL97327615A patent/PL327615A1/xx unknown
- 1997-01-16 AT AT97906801T patent/ATE184405T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-01-16 HU HU9900247A patent/HUP9900247A3/hu unknown
- 1997-01-16 WO PCT/DE1997/000068 patent/WO1997026587A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-01-16 US US09/101,611 patent/US6263487B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-16 JP JP52559497A patent/JP3181601B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-16 CN CN97191868A patent/CN1109278C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-04-30 US US09/843,686 patent/US7114155B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-30 US US09/866,745 patent/US20010037489A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1636170B (zh) * | 2001-12-13 | 2010-05-12 | 西门子公司 | 用于更新自动化设备的可电子地修改的部件的方法 |
CN103792858A (zh) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-14 | 洛克威尔自动控制技术股份有限公司 | 灵活的控制模型系统和方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1997026587A1 (de) | 1997-07-24 |
CN1109278C (zh) | 2003-05-21 |
EP0875023B1 (de) | 1999-09-08 |
US20010025294A1 (en) | 2001-09-27 |
HUP9900247A3 (en) | 1999-12-28 |
CZ222098A3 (cs) | 1999-05-12 |
KR100300776B1 (ko) | 2001-09-06 |
US7114155B2 (en) | 2006-09-26 |
US6263487B1 (en) | 2001-07-17 |
ATE184405T1 (de) | 1999-09-15 |
PL327615A1 (en) | 1998-12-21 |
EP0875023A1 (de) | 1998-11-04 |
HUP9900247A2 (hu) | 1999-05-28 |
US20010037489A1 (en) | 2001-11-01 |
JP3181601B2 (ja) | 2001-07-03 |
JPH11510294A (ja) | 1999-09-07 |
KR19990077248A (ko) | 1999-10-25 |
ES2136467T3 (es) | 1999-11-16 |
DE59700413D1 (de) | 1999-10-14 |
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