CN1207614C - 一种液晶材料的取向层和一种液晶盒 - Google Patents

一种液晶材料的取向层和一种液晶盒 Download PDF

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CN1207614C
CN1207614C CNB998145815A CN99814581A CN1207614C CN 1207614 C CN1207614 C CN 1207614C CN B998145815 A CNB998145815 A CN B998145815A CN 99814581 A CN99814581 A CN 99814581A CN 1207614 C CN1207614 C CN 1207614C
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J·芬夫希林
M·斯泰尔德
M·谢蒂特
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/141—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent using ferroelectric liquid crystals
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Abstract

一种由铁电型液晶材料构成的液晶器件表现出层排列上低的电压降和显著的对比度。该液晶材料通过厚度小于20nm的液晶聚合物(LCP)网络层(18)排列，而该层自身又通过厚度小于20nm的光取向线性光聚合(LPP)层(16)排列。

Description

一种液晶材料的取向层和一种液晶盒
本发明涉及一种液晶材料的取向层。
液晶器件通常由装有液晶材料的薄的盒子构成，盒的上下内表面附有(通常是透明的)取向层。这些内层通过确定液晶导向子(director)在靠近边界处的实际取向而使液晶分子在其临近处最优取向。这种最优取向由于液晶分子间的强相互作用而倾向于保持甚至远离取向层。
在向列型液晶中，边界的特征是由取向层在液晶中引起的导向子的方向(方位角和倾角)以及一个参数---结合能---用来描述这种结合的强度，也就是若弹性形变向边界层施加一个扭转力而引起的取向的变化。
在基于手性近晶-C型液晶的铁电性液晶显示器(LCD)中，由于近晶型层的取向和层内导向子的取向都要被确定，因而情况更为复杂。此外，液晶排列的质量很大程度上取决于所使用的液晶材料。因此，曾提出了众多的取向层和液晶材料的组合。
取向层的存在会带来如下困难：
在具有大的自发偏振Ps的液晶显示如形变的螺旋铁电性(DHF)或短螺距双稳态铁电性(SBF)或反铁电性液晶显示中，对于大的取向层厚度dOR，隔离(绝缘)的取向层的电压降大。电压降通过
UOR＝PsdOR/εε0近似地给出。其中ε是取向层的介电常数，ε0是真空的介电常数。取Ps＝1mC/m2，dOR＝100nm，ε＝3得到每层取向层的UOR＝3.8V。
对于电致(electroclinic)液晶显示有相似的考虑。(试比较，例如S.Garroff and R.B.Meyer，Phy.Rev.Lett.，38，848-851，1977)
在较低Ps的液晶显示如交变偏振域(APD)或表面稳态铁电(SSF)液晶显示中，电压降较小，但仍不理想。
并且，SSF液晶显示需要薄的取向层以避免极化电荷的累积而导致SSF液晶显示中的重影图象。
因此，一个条件是很重要的，即，取向层必须薄。
因此，用于SSF液晶显示的取向层也必须薄，有时甚至为单层分子(如L-B膜)。
制备取向层的标准程序包括在基体上涂一薄层聚合物，然后摩擦该层以引发理想的取向方向。此摩擦过程会带来不希望的负面效应，如产生灰尘颗粒，这将尤其破坏小盒距(低于2μm)液晶显示，因此包括大部分铁电液晶显示的生产。
EP 756 193描述了一种通过两层工艺排列液晶的技术：
第一层线性可光聚合的材料被涂于基体上并用偏振光照射。此偏振光在层中引发交联反应，并且由于使用了偏振光，交联反应在层中引发各向异性。这样的层被称为线性光聚合聚合物(LPP)层，也被称为光-取向聚合物网络(PPN)。
然后施用第二层向列型单体或预聚物。这些向列型液晶通过LPP层被取向，即，LPP层中的各向异性被传送到向列型液晶层中。然后该取向的向列型预聚物层进行光聚合，因此永久地固定为高度各向异性聚合物网络(对于这样的网络，也使用术语“液晶聚合物网络”，LCP’s)。反过来，这种向列型预聚物基的各向异性网络可以用作液晶的取向层。
这一过程采用了两层，LPP和向列型预聚物基的各向异性网络，因此取向层的总厚度增倍。此外，如果向列型预聚物层达到或比外推长度更薄(参照例P.G.de Gennes and J.Prost，“The Physics ofLiquid Crystals”，2nd Edition，Clarendon Press，Oxford1993，p.196)，液晶将不再平衡或缓和取向层中的微观不均匀性。外推长度的精确值还不知道，但已验证的典型值大于100nm。因此非常薄的向列型预聚物以及由这些预聚物制备的向列型预聚物基的各向异性网络将不能均匀取向，但会反应出下层LPP层中的微观不均匀性。
与前所述对比，以及对照已有的技术，本发明在于包含与取向层相接触的液晶材料的部件，取向层有第一层线性光聚合聚合物和第二层向列型预聚物基的各向异性网络，其特征在于两层总厚度不超过40纳米。
优选每层厚度小于20nm。
在很多情况中特别的优势在于总的层厚小于20nm，最优选总层厚小于10nm。
尤其另人惊奇的是此类取向层适于和铁电性液晶材料一起使用，如形变的螺旋铁电性或短螺距双稳态铁电性或交变极性域或表面稳态铁电性或反铁电性液晶显示以及电致液晶显示。
取向层可通过多畴象素操作来形成图案，换句话说就是取向层可以局部地变换。
向列型预聚物基的各向异性网络优选光聚合，然而，也可能采用不同的聚合方法，如热聚合。
采用本发明的取向层，可以得到液晶材料的有利的均匀排列和结构以及高对比度，这些通常比只含LPP的取向层要好。
另外，双层技术能够控制第二层，向列型预聚物基的各向异性网络的倾角，因此可控制铁电液晶显示中铁电液晶的倾角。这对控制近晶铁电性液晶层中人字形结构的形成很重要。
现在将根据相应的附图通过实施例来描述本发明，图1给出了液晶盒，将本发明的取向层具体化。
图1中示意的液晶盒，也相应于申请人的实施例中的测试盒，由两个完全相同的基体组(11，13，15，17)和(12，14，16，18)组成，基片被定距体19分隔开，并在操作区之外被粘在一起(未示出)。基体是涂有导电的铟-锡-氧化物电极(13，14)，线性光聚合聚合物(LPP)层(15，16)和液晶聚合物网络(LCP)层(17，18)的玻璃片(11，12)。盒距为1.6μm。
所用的LPP化合物是光取向材料A，用环戊酮稀释到0.7％的聚合物。
光聚合物A：
Figure C9981458100071
此溶液被旋涂到有ITO涂膜的基体上(在5000rpm旋涂30秒)。干燥之后，样品在150℃固化15分钟，然后用偏振光照射3分钟，该偏振光来自高压汞弧光灯，通过滤光器(schott UG11和WG295)选择300..330nm的光波范围。用表面轮廓测定仪(Alpha-Step 500 fromTencore)测定，得到的涂层厚度为9nm。
所用的向列型液晶预聚物是一种混合物MLCP，包含以下液晶双丙烯酸酯单体：
单体1：
Figure C9981458100081
单体2：
Figure C9981458100082
单体3：
Figure C9981458100083
除了双丙烯酸酯单体之外，光引发剂Ciba SC公司的IRGACURE369以及用作阻聚剂的BHT(2.6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚/“丁基羟基甲苯”)被加入到混合物中。因此混合物MLCP的组成如下：
单体1                      77wt％
单体2                      14.5wt％
单体3                      4.7wt％
Irgacure                   1.9wt％
369
BHT                        1.9wt％
混合物MLCP用苯甲醚被稀释到0.7％的聚合物。将此溶液旋涂到上述的涂有LPP的基体上(在5000rpm旋涂30秒)。干燥之后，样品在氮气气氛下用光照射3分钟，该光来自于150W汞弧光灯，不附加滤光器。由此制备的LPP和LCP杂化层总厚度为18纳米。
将一种铁电液晶材料，混合物SC 980110(见表I)，在110℃通过毛细作用填充到小盒里。铁电液晶层20的取向通过如下程序优化：盒子在低于向列型液晶-Sc*转变温度约1℃的温度，施加3V(振幅)、800Hz方形波电压下保持2分钟，然后保持电压冷却到室温。在此固化过程中，大部分位错消失，而获得高的对比度为130∶1。
此对比度是使样品发生取向的最大和最小透光率之比。透光率采用偏光显微镜测量，物镜4/0.1，测量区域有效直径为0.47mm。
表I：SC980110组成
Figure C9981458100101

Claims (13)

1.一种液晶材料的取向层，包含第一层线性光聚合聚合物和第二层向列型预聚物基的各向异性网络，其特征在于两层总厚度不超过40纳米，和两层的总厚度大于或等于18纳米。
2.根据权利要求1的取向层，其中两层中的每一层厚度小于20纳米。
3.根据权利要求1或2的取向层，其中两层的总厚度小于20纳米。
4.根据前面的任何一个权利要求的取向层，其中取向层的取向被形成图案以使取向局部地改变。
5.根据前面的任何一个权利要求的取向层，其中第二层和液晶材料相接触。
6.根据权利要求书5的取向层，其中液晶材料是铁电性的。
7.液晶盒，包括一个根据前面的任何一个权利要求的取向层。
8.根据权利要求7的液晶盒，为形变的螺旋铁电型。
9.根据权利要求7的液晶盒，为短螺距双稳态铁电型。
10.根据权利要求7的液晶盒，为交变极性域型。
11.根据权利要求7的液晶盒，为表面稳态的铁电型。
12.根据权利要求7的液晶盒，为反铁电型。
13.根据权利要求7的液晶盒，为电致型。
CNB998145815A 1998-12-15 1999-12-06 一种液晶材料的取向层和一种液晶盒 Expired - Fee Related CN1207614C (zh)

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GBGB9827540.7A GB9827540D0 (en) 1998-12-15 1998-12-15 Orientation layer for liquid crystal material
GBGB9828283.3A GB9828283D0 (en) 1998-12-22 1998-12-22 Orientation layer for liquid crystal material
GB9828283.3 1998-12-22
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