CN1207251C

CN1207251C - Special fertilizer with complete nutrients

Info

Publication number: CN1207251C
Application number: CNB001208144A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵明; 赵军; 崔宗均
Original assignee: 赵明
Priority date: 2000-07-31
Filing date: 2000-07-31
Publication date: 2005-06-22
Anticipated expiration: 2020-07-31
Also published as: CN1336353A

Abstract

The present invention relates to special-purpose fertilizer with complete nutrients, more specifically to fertilizer which integrates organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, microbes and a regulating agent. Under the action of a fast decaying agent for organic substances, fast fermentation is carried out; when in a semi-decaying state, organic fertilizer is mixed with inorganic fertilizer; active P, active K and azotobacter are added to be fermented together; the organic fertilizer is decomposed into organic substances of small molecules so that the inorganic fertilizer is organified; then, dehydration and desiccation are carried out, and trace elements, etc. are added; finally, granulation and desiccation are carried out. The present invention has the advantages of increasing fertilizer efficiency, improving soil, increasing quality, having comprehensive nutrients, multiple functions, etc. Thus, the present invention is suitable for being used as base fertilizer and for the top application of various vegetables, fruit trees, flowers and plants, and field crops.

Description

Special fertilizer with complete nutrients

The invention relates to a kind of fertilizer, particularly a kind of special fertilizer with complete nutrients.

Existing market fertilizer mainly contains various mineral manure (single fertilizer and composite fertilizer are wherein arranged), organic fertilizer (fertilizer of agricultural wastes such as oven dry of the ight soil of poultry, poultry and straw and treatment of urban garbage) microbial fertilizer (phosphorus of living, the potassium of living, fixed nitrogen, organism decompose bacterial manure), and organic-inorganic (main chicken manure and chemical fertilizer) is composite special-purpose fertile.These fertilizer respectively have characteristics, but respectively exist subject matter to be:

1, the inorganic fertilizer fertilizer weak point of holding time, nutrition is simple, applies in a large number to cause the Soil structure variation, phreatic pollution, the quality of product descends, and the production cost height, and power consumption is big.

2, the fertilizer effective ingredient is low, and amount of application is big, and effect is slow, and fertilizer efficiency is low, and sometimes because of the degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed is low, it is unfavorable to plant growth to produce nuisance.

3, microbial fertilizer because the thalline dullness does not have corresponding nutritive substance, is difficult to form dominant microflora in being manured into soil, may be suppressed by the microbial population in the soil sometimes, does not bring into play normal function.

4, organic-inorganic (main chicken manure and chemical fertilizer) is simple composite special-purpose fertile, and the effect of Chang Yinwu peculiar microorganism is not high in efficient on the fertilizer efficiency and in the inorganic organic complementation.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of organic and inorganic, microorganism and conditioning agent is the special fertilizer with complete nutrients of one, it can overcome the shortcoming of the above-mentioned 4 kinds of fertilizer of present production, by microbial process, organic and inorganic complementary efficient height, its final nutritive ingredient meets specific fertilization effect, nutrient uptake feature, particular locality edaphic condition and output control level, and have and improve fertilizer efficiency, prolong the fertile phase, improve soil, increase advantages such as quality, comprehensive nutrition multi-element multifunctional.Another object of the present invention provides a kind of fast fermentation method of fertilizer, and it can improve fermented quality and accelerate fermenting speed.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: it comprises the following operation of manufacturing:

(1) quick fermentation; To add organism quick composting bacterium liquid in the organic wastes such as poultry, animal waste or straw, ratio is 150-200: 1; Regulate C/N than 25-40: 1; Temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the time is 20-30 days, regularly stirs, and makes the organism of decomposition reach the state that partly becomes thoroughly decomposed;

(2) fermentation altogether; With fermented product and the N that partly becomes thoroughly decomposed, P, the K macroelement mixes, N, P, the K total amount accounts for the 8-12% of fermented product dry weight, its N, P, the ratio of K is 2: 1: 1, and adding vinelandii, phosphorus alive, the potassium of living bacterium mixture, fermented product that partly becomes thoroughly decomposed and mixed bacterium ratio are 100: 1, vinelandii in the mixed bacterium mixture, phosphorus alive, the potassium of living bacterium ratio is 1: 1: 1, carry out common fermentation, organism is further decomposed, the mineral manure of adding is absorbed by microorganism or with the organic formation N that combine of small molecules, P, the K organic nutrient, keep 30-50 ℃ of temperature, humidity 50%, the time is 10 days;

(3) accurately be mixed, according to the fertile requirement of need of fertilising object, macroelement and further adjusting of trace element be mixed, it is special-purpose fertile to form elementary full nutrition;

(4) granulate, elementary full nutrition is fertile dry, and pulverize and be pressed into particulate state fertilizer,

(5) packing is a product with the further dry packing of granulated fertilizer.

The present invention adopts two sections fermentation methods, adopt the organism quick composting bacterium liquid fermentation in Chinese patent application number 00121101.3 bacteria preparation for organic matter to become decomposed fast, to improve fermenting speed, described organism quick composting bacterium is made of 7 strain cellulose-decomposing bacteriums of optimum combination, can when fermentation quick composting to boost productivity and fertilizer quality.Feces of livestock and poultry or straw the like waste accelerate to decompose with quick fermentation under the effect of quick composting microbial inoculum, add an amount of N, P, K macroelement again to the state that partly becomes thoroughly decomposed and the P that lives, the K that lives, solid N microbiobacterial agent carry out common fermentation.Reach the purpose that organism decomposes fast and inorganic nutrients organise by quick fermentation with fermenting altogether.Set up the microbial ecological fauna that microorganism and its decomposed substance preferably adapt simultaneously.By multifactorial data analysis of computer and calculating, the analysis of multiple principle and the prescription index of regulating definite specific crop, decision-making production technology link and technical indicator, formation is at specific crop, the full nutrition of particular locality is special-purpose fertile, in this production process by repeatedly progressively mixing and segmentation adds the microbiobacterial agent of same-action not and adopts and air-dryly makes the material of microorganism and its decomposition set up good conformity relation with mode cryodrying to form stable system, having solved present organic blended exists hyperthermia drying to cause to kill beneficial microorganism to reduce the problem of fertilizer efficiency, except macroelement is regulated, also make nutrition more comprehensive by amount in adding and trace element and growth regulator.The elementary full nutrition fertilizer that prescription is produced is suppressed into granular product through dehydration again, can directly be made for thing uses, play and improve fertilizer efficiency, prolong the fertile phase, improve Soil structure and improve organic content, the quality and yield of crop is had significant promoter action.

In sum, the present invention has adopted above-mentioned technology, has the following advantages:

1, organic and inorganic, microorganism of the fertilizer collection produced of the technology of the present invention and growth regulator are the multi-element multifunctional of one, it is special fertilizer with complete nutrients, have the advantage of other fertilizer concurrently, and the deficiency of having improved other fertilizer is improving fertilizer efficiency, improve Soil structure and increase organic content, improve crop quality and have a significant effect.

2, the technology of the present invention has adopted poultry, animal manure just to reach agriculture waste resource such as straw as one of raw material, and improving environment turns waste into wealth, and can improve the benefit that industry is planted in agriculture breeding.

3, the technology of the present invention employing biological activity decomposer is an organism quick composting bacterium, carrying out organic decomposing to partly fast becomes thoroughly decomposed, add again N, P, K mineral manure by fixed nitrogen, the phosphorus of living, the potassium of living and the biological activity decomposer in partly becoming thoroughly decomposed carry out the 2 segmentations fermentation of common fermentation, can shorten the organic fertilizer production process, mineral manure is organised, can improve fertilizer efficiency, increase fertilizer efficiency period, replenish the soil beneficial microorganism, improve soil, improve quality thereby nutrition is organised.

4, the technology of the present invention altogether add in the plant after the fermentation stage, trace element and growth regulator or weedicide suppress granulating at last, these supplementation material slowly discharge in soil and are absorbed by crop root, this can improve their physiological effect, to guarantee that plant nutrition is comprehensive, favourable stalwartness is grown, and can reach the high yield and high quality effect.

The present invention is applicable to the base manure of various vegetables, fruit tree, flowers and field crop and the use of topdressing, and has the raising fertilizer efficiency, improves soil, increases quality, comprehensive nutrition, advantages such as multi-element multifunctional.

Below elaborate the present invention with embodiment, but the technology of the present invention is not limit by this embodiment.

Operation 1 is a flash-ferm process: this process is with the poultry of collecting, animal manure just or the straw the like waste in warm canopy groove, add organism quick composting bacterium liquid, weight ratio is that 200: 1 adjusting C/N ratios are 25: 1, interior heap temperature 50-60 ℃ of temperature canopy, carrying out a regular oxygen and a heap temperature mechanical or that manually stir in the assurance fermenting process is difficult for too high, make the organism of decomposition reach the state that partly becomes thoroughly decomposed, the time is 25 days; And one section spontaneous fermentation is 90-150 days, then needs more than 50 days with other microbial inoculum.

Operation 2 is fermenting process altogether: the organism that this process will partly be become thoroughly decomposed and proportioning are that 2: 1: 1 N, P, K macroelement mixes, N, P, K total amount account for 10% of fermented product dry weight, and adding is carried out common fermentation in the fixed nitrogen of 1: 1: 1 ratio, the phosphorus of living, the potassium of living mixed bacterium, the fermented product that partly becomes thoroughly decomposed and the ratio of mixed bacterium are 100: 1, organism is further decomposed, the mineral manure of adding is absorbed by microorganism or combine formation and contain N, P, K organic nutrient with small molecules is organic.Keeping 40-45 ℃ of temperature and 50% time of humidity in the fermenting process is 10 days.

Operation 3 accurately is mixed: at first determine organic and inorganic, the microbial mixture that becomes thoroughly decomposed after the fermentation altogether, measure N, P, K, organic matter, and in other, micronutrient levels; Secondly the crop of clearly applying fertilizer absorbs the ratio characteristics of each element; The 3rd is the desired quality level of fertilizer, as N, P, K total content 25%, organic content 60%; The 4th considers some adjusting factors such as each element utilization ratio, content target, method of application, edaphic condition and yield target etc.Consider on the basis complex decision of filling a prescription in composite factor aspect above-mentioned 4 kinds.By decision scheme each nutritive element is mixed the elementary full nutrition fertilizer of formation.With the corn is example, and after fermenting altogether, the mensuration of the organic microbial mixture that becomes thoroughly decomposed shows N-7%, P ₂O ₅-4%, K ₂O-4%, Ca ⁺⁺Be 1%, Mg ⁺⁺Be 1%, S-0.5%, organic matter be 70%, if require fertilizer NPK total content to be transferred to 25%, organic content is 60%, according to Maize Absorption N, P, K, Ca ⁺⁺, Mg, S ratio be 1: 0.5: 1: therefore can determine preliminary corn full nutrition fertile special-purpose N, P, K, Ca at 0.2: 0.2: 0.1 ⁺⁺, Mg, S ratio be 10%, 5%, 10%, 2%, 2%, 1%, and need augment N-3%, P on the basis of the mixture of fermentation altogether ₂O ₅-1%, K ₂O-6%, Ca ⁺⁺-1%, Mg ⁺⁺-1%, S-0.5%.Trace element can be adjusted in right amount according to measured value, do not lacking generally restock not of trace element especially, because there is more trace not have element in the mixed fermentation process, on the basis of above-mentioned preliminary prescription, lack P and K especially according to geographic soil regime such as a certain area again, suitably again P, K amounts that add of replenishing more, many benefits are to decide according to lacking degree, adjust the elementary full nutrition fertilizer of mixing formation corn of filling a prescription and can carry out each composition after taking all factors into consideration.

Operation 4 is for granulating, and elementary full nutrition is fertile further air-dry or be lower than 60 ℃ of oven dry, meets the requirements of water ratio, and pulverizes and be pressed into particulate state fertilizer.

Operation 5 is packing, and particulate state fertilizer is further dry and be packaged as finished product.

Result of use

In field crop, vegetables, flowers and planting fruit trees and production, because the long-term chemical fertilizer that uses has caused soil compaction, trophic disturbance, the crop yield quality descends synchronously, full nutrition special fertilizer of the present invention then be according to the growth characteristics such as field crop, vegetables, flowers and fruit tree produce full nutrition, organic and inorganic, microorganism is integrated dedicated fertilizer. It has nutrient even, and time for fertilizer is long, and the advantages such as successful can improve the output of crops greatly, can improve soil texture simultaneously, increases the content of soil with organic matter. Be the Vitis Labrusca L contrast experiment in Changli with 2 mu in 1998, kind is 3 years living Cabernet Sauvignons, 337.1 jin, a traditional unit of weight of experimental group contrast group volume increase, rate of growth 11.13%; Do experiment in the Funing County at the beginning of 1999, kind is Shandong major part ginger, 1014 jin of mu volume increase, and rate of growth is also to improve output 15% the vegetables of Guyuan and the test of potato full nutrition fertilizer in 35.1%, 1999 year.

Claims

A kind of preparation method of special fertilizer with complete nutrients, step is as follows:

(1), quick fermentation, will be in the organic wastes such as poultry, animal waste or stalk add organism quick composting bacterium liquid, ratio is 150-200: 1; Regulate C N than 25-40: 1; Temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the time is 20-30 days, regularly stirs, and makes the organism of decomposition reach the state that partly becomes thoroughly decomposed;
(2), fermentation altogether, with the fermented product that partly becomes thoroughly decomposed with contain N, P, the chemical fertilizer of K mixes, N, P, the K total amount accounts for the 8-12% of fermented product dry weight, its N, P, the ratio of K is 2: 1: 1, and adding vinelandii, phosphorus alive, the potassium of living bacterium mixture, fermented product that partly becomes thoroughly decomposed and mixed bacterium ratio are 100: 1, vinelandii in the mixed bacterium mixture, phosphorus alive, the potassium of living bacterium ratio is 1: 1: 1, carry out common fermentation, organism is further decomposed, the mineral manure of adding is absorbed by microorganism or with the organic formation N that combine of small molecules, P, the K organic nutrient keeps 30-50 ℃ of temperature, humidity 50%, the time is 10 days;
(3), accurately be mixed, according to the fertile requirement of need of fertilising object, macroelement and trace element further regulated being mixed, it is special-purpose fertile to form elementary full nutrition;
(4), granulate, elementary full nutrition is fertile dry, and pulverize and be pressed into particulate state fertilizer;
(5), the packing, be product with the further dry packing of granulated fertilizer.