CN1204260C - 一种微生物微氧发酵生产1,3-丙二醇的方法 - Google Patents
一种微生物微氧发酵生产1,3-丙二醇的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物工程技术领域,特别涉及到一种微生物微氧发酵法生产1,3-丙二醇的技术。本发明的特征在于所使用的微生物细胞不仅在厌氧条件下,而且在微氧条件下都能将甘油转化为1,3-丙二醇。其优点是发酵工艺简单经济,既简化了操作条件,降低了生产成本,又缩短了发酵时间,提高了生产效率,而且微氧条件下发酵液中1,3-丙二醇的浓度与厌氧发酵相当或略高一些,为微生物发酵法生产1,3-丙二醇的工业化提供了简单经济的发酵工艺。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物工程技术领域,特别涉及到一种微生物在微氧条件下发酵生产1,3-丙二醇的方法。
背景技术
众所周知,1,3-丙二醇是一种重要的化工原料,与乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇和1,4-丁二醇有着同样的用途,但它与对苯二甲酸合成的新型聚酯材料聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯(PTT)具有许多优良的特性,如尼龙样的弹性恢复、抗紫外、臭氧及氮氧化物的着色性、低静电、低水吸附、全色范围内无需添加任何特殊化学品而呈现出的良好的连续印染性及可生物降解性等。这些都表现出了1,3-丙二醇美好的应用前景,但昂贵的价格却阻碍了其应用。
目前1,3-丙二醇的生产方法主要是化学合成法,如壳牌公司以乙烯为原料,在高温(280℃)下用银作催化剂氧化成环氧乙烷,然后加氢和一氧化碳转化成3-羟基丙醛,最后氢化成产品1,3-丙二醇;Degussa公司则以丙烯为原料,在350℃、0.2Mpa下以钼作催化剂氧化为丙烯醛,再水化为3-羟基丙醛,然后氢化成1,3-丙二醇(USP 5,008,473)。这两种方法都需要在高温和贵重催化剂作用下进行,产品除1,3-丙二醇外还有1,2-丙二醇及其二聚体、三聚体等性质相近的副产物,致使产品分离提纯较困难,生产成本相应较高。
微生物法转化甘油为1,3-丙二醇的研究始于1881年,但直到20世纪80年代才逐渐引起人们的重视。与化学合成法相比,它具有条件温和、操作简便、副产物少、无环境污染等特点。目前1,3-丙二醇的微生物生产法可分为两类:一是以葡萄糖为底物用基因工程菌生产1,3-丙二醇(PCT/US 96/06705;USP 5,599,689;WO 96/35796;WO 9821340;WO9821339),二是用肠道细菌将甘油歧化为1,3-丙二醇(USP 5,254,467;EP 0,373,230 A1)。前者的转化率和产物浓度均较低,而后者则相对较高。上述专利报道的方法和文献中公开发表的其它微生物发酵法无一例外都是厌氧发酵,这是因为在甘油转化为1,3-丙二醇的过程中存在一些关键酶,如甘油脱氢酶、二羟丙酮激酶甘油脱水酶、1,3-丙二醇脱氢酶等,通常情况下这些酶在厌氧条件下发挥作用,而氧将导致个别关键酶失活,如甘油脱氢酶的不可逆失活,因而不能生成1,3-丙二醇。
发明内容
本发明的目的是利用克雷伯氏菌,实现在微氧条件下将甘油转化为1,3-丙二醇的发酵工艺。
实现本发明方法的步骤如下:
1)培养基制备:培养基中必须具备微生物生长所需的营养成分,如甘油或葡萄糖等碳源,酵母浸膏或酵母粉等氮源,钠、钾、氨、镁、钙等阳离子和磷酸根、硫酸根、氯离子等阴离子,以及锌、铁、锰、铜、钴、硼、和钼等微量元素。培养基须在121℃下灭菌15~20分钟方能使用。
2)种子培养:在摇瓶中进行,摇床转速为100~300转/分钟,温度为27~40℃,培养时间为9~24小时。
3)发酵培养:可在发酵罐中进行,发酵罐接种量为5%~20%,搅拌桨转速为100~400转/分钟,温度为27~40℃,pH控制在6.0~8.0。发酵过程中可以向发酵罐中通氮气或空气,也可以不通气,通气量为0~2vvm。发酵方式可以是间歇发酵、批式流加发酵或连续发酵,间歇或批式流加发酵的时间为10~100小时,发酵液中1,3-丙二醇的浓度可以达到5~70g/L;连续发酵时先用1%~6%甘油培养基进行间歇发酵,待发酵液中菌体干重浓度达到0.2~2.0g/L时,再以0.1~0.5h-1的稀释率流加发酵培养基进行恒化培养。
本发明提供了一种微生物发酵生产1,3-丙二醇的方法,所用的微生物细胞在厌氧和微氧条件下都能将甘油转化为1,3-丙二醇,并且产率相当。这种方法的益处在于简化了微生物发酵法生产1,3-丙二醇的工艺,降低了生产成本,缩短了发酵时间,提高了生产效率,为微生物发酵法生产1,3-丙二醇的工业化奠定了基础。
具体实施方式
以下详细叙述本发明的最佳实施例:
本发明实施例中所用菌种为克雷伯氏杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae),购自中国普通微生物菌种保藏中心(CGMCC),菌种保藏号:AS1.1736。
培养基分种子培养基和发酵培养基两种:
1)种子培养基:(1000ml):
甘油:20g K2HPO4·3H2O:4.56g
KH2PO4:1.3g (NH4)2SO4:2.0g
MgSO4·7H2O:2g 酵母粉:1g
CaCO3:2g 微量元素A:2ml
0.5%FeSO4溶液:1ml 2%CaCl2溶液:1ml
微量元素A组成(1000ml):
饱和盐酸:0.9ml ZnCl2:70mg
MnCl2·4H2O:100mg H3BO3:60mg
CoCl2·6H2O:200mg NiCl2·6H2O:25mg
NaMoO4·2H2O:35mg CuCl2·2H2O:20mg
2)发酵培养基组成(1000ml):
(NH4)SO4:6.61g KH2PO4:1.36g
MgCl2·6H2O:0.26 柠檬酸:0.42g
酵母粉:1g 微量元素B:5ml
微量元素B组成(1000ml):
饱和盐酸:10ml ZnCl2·6H2O:0.68g
FeCl3·6H2O:5.4g MnCl2·4H2O:0.17g
CoCl2·6H2O:0.47g H3BO3:0.06g
NaMoO4·2H2O:0.005g CuCl2·2H2O:0.47g
种子与发酵培养基均要在灭菌前调节pH为7.0
发酵过程分种子培养和发酵培养两步:种子培养在一个500ml的三角瓶中进行,装液量为200ml,摇床转速为200转/min,培养温度为37℃,培养时间为12hr;发酵培养在全自动发酵罐中进行,工作体积为5L,实际装液量为3L,温度和转速恒定为37℃和300转/min,用2mol/L氢氧化钾调节pH7.0。
具体的发酵实验结果如下:用含2%的甘油培养基在发酵罐中进行发酵,厌氧条件下发酵液中1,3-丙二醇的浓度为7.8g/L,不通气条件下为8.2g/L,通1.2L/min的空气时为9.4g/L;甘油歧化为1,3-丙二醇的摩尔转化率分别为47.0%,49.6%和56.9%,发酵结束时间分别为18,15和11小时。当甘油初始浓度为4%时,厌氧、不通气和通气(1.2L/min的空气)条件下间歇发酵得到的1,3-丙二醇浓度分别为15.7,16.8,15.1g/L,摩尔转化率分别为43.7%,50.8%,45.7%,发酵时间分别为32,20和17小时。
Claims (1)
1.一种微生物微氧发酵生产1,3-丙二醇的方法,在温度、pH和搅拌转速恒定的条件下,进行间歇、批式流加或连续发酵将甘油生物转化为1,3-丙二醇,所用的微生物菌种为克雷伯氏菌AS1.1736,培养基中除了必需的碳源、氮源和一些无机盐外,还应含有锌、铁、镁、铜、钴、硼、钼等微量元素,发酵接种量为5%~20%,温度控制在27℃~40℃,pH在6.0~8.0,间歇或批式流加发酵时间为10~100小时,发酵液中1,3-丙二醇的最终浓度可达到5~70g/L,该发明方法的特征在于:
a)发酵过程在微氧条件下进行,空气通入量为0.01~0.5vvm;
b)间歇发酵时培养基中甘油的质量百分比浓度为2%~20%,批式流加发酵时补加的甘油浓度为10%~100%,连续发酵培养基中甘油浓度为2%~20%;
c)连续发酵是以1%~6%的初始甘油浓度进行菌体预培养至菌体浓度达到每升发酵液中含0.2~2.0g干细胞后,再以0.1~0.5h-1的稀释率连续流加发酵培养基的恒化培养过程。
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