CN1200162A - 梁构件 - Google Patents

梁构件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1200162A
CN1200162A CN96197783A CN96197783A CN1200162A CN 1200162 A CN1200162 A CN 1200162A CN 96197783 A CN96197783 A CN 96197783A CN 96197783 A CN96197783 A CN 96197783A CN 1200162 A CN1200162 A CN 1200162A
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sheet metal
thin
metal band
zone
imperforated
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M·赫尔斯坦
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BALLKUS AB
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BALLKUS AB
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    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/06—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
    • E04C3/07—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/08—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like components; Honeycomb girders
    • E04C3/083—Honeycomb girders; Girders with apertured solid web
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    • E04C3/08—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like components; Honeycomb girders
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种梁构件,该梁构件至少在其两个侧面呈现完全和/或部分封闭的外形,该梁构件至少在一个侧面呈现金属板网区域(2、3)。本发明还涉及制造该梁构件的方法。

Description

梁构件
本发明涉及一种梁构件，该梁构件至少在其两个侧面呈现完全和/或部分封闭的外形。
在许多技术领域大量需要低重量、在抗弯和抗压方面具有高强度以及良好的抗塌陷特性的梁构件。由于该梁构件具有良好的重量强度比，可减少燃料消耗，并且具有良好的抗塌陷特性或在变形到梁塌陷状态的过程中吸收高能量的显著能力，因此这种梁构件在汽车工业、建筑业、公路设备工业等行业特别是在小客车工业中是很需要的。该后一个特性在小客车、大客车和卡车或类似车辆的所谓冲撞保护区中是很需要的。
本发明的目的是使上述的需要得到满足。
按照本发明，该目的可通过所介绍的梁构件来实现。该梁构件由一卷薄板金属带材制成，该梁构件沿所制成外形的至少一个侧面呈现细长的金属板网区域，与该侧面连接的薄板金属带材区域是未穿孔的，并且薄板金属带材的两个相交边缘彼此连接或固定在一起以形成封闭外形。所有的侧面呈现一个或多个金属板网区域。与侧面连接的区域是未穿孔的。侧面相互连接或固定在一起以形成封闭的外形。其中两个侧面通过把未穿孔的边缘区叠合而相互连接在一起。两个侧面通过焊接相互连接在一起。当梁构件具有多边封闭的外形时，拐角区最好是未穿孔的并使封闭外形的叠合或连接区位于未穿孔边缘区内的一个拐角处。梁构件由薄板金属带材制成，此带材在所制成外形的每个侧面呈现细长的金属板网区域，并在每个拐角处呈现细长的薄板金属带材区域。
本发明的梁构件为许多技术领域提供了意想不到的机会，部件在完全不影响其强度的同时可明显地变轻。由于使本发明的梁构件完全塌陷消耗或需要的能量明显地大于传统的梁构件，于是还可得到明显改进的能量吸收特性。本发明的梁构件体积小重量轻，于是导致了在使用中具有明显较好的经济效果。本发明的梁构件还使安装与组装方法更简单和高效。
下面参照附图详细描述本发明。图1为本发明的梁构件实施例的侧视图。图2为图1中梁构件的另一个侧视图。图3为图1和图2中梁构件的横截面图，该图示出了梁构件的四边形形状。图4为本发明的梁构件中带材金属区域的局部放大图。图5示出了本发明的梁构件的生产线。
虽然图3中所示的梁构件为四边形且大体上为方形的，但是图中所示的本发明梁构件的实施例一般可以无限长并且可以是任何需要的形状。如上所述，本发明的梁构件可以呈现任何适当的形状，例如，可以是两端为卵形的或椭圆形的，可以是附图中的四边形或方形的，可以是三角形的以及上述形状的各种变化和组合。例如，可以想象到，一般具有由以适当方式彼此固定或连接的一定数量的三角形，例如三个三角形或者甚至四个三角形组成的形状，例如它们的末端彼此相连。当然四边形不需要是方形的，一般可呈现任何四边形状。四边形的角度也不需要为90°，而可以是直角以外的其它角度。
如上所述，图中所示的梁构件为四边形的，在三个侧面的每一面具有金属板网区域1，在第四面具有金属板网区域2。第四面也呈现大体普通型的叠合区域3。在两侧面之间的区域外形呈现未穿孔区。叠合区域3以大体普通的方式在两个相交的未穿孔边缘区域接合，该边缘区是在梁构件的形状成为图中所示的四边形后得到的。
叠合区域3可以由其它一些形式的连接或叠合部分代替。该连接最好由以点焊或线焊形式的焊接部分构成。连接或固定方式的选择很大程度上取决于用于金属带材的材料选择。
图4更详细地示出了金属板网区域1、2的一部分，并且从该详细图中可以知道金属板网的区域是在薄金属板本身的桥或连接条5之间带有一些孔的普通结构。
当然，虽然图中所示的金属板网结构为优选的形式，但也可以有其它形式，在这方面必须指出的是，虽然桥5中面朝上的圆弧与桥5中面朝下的圆弧彼此连接，但是朝上的圆弧相对于图面是向上和向外的，而朝下的圆弧是相对于图面是向下和向内的。
还必须指出的是，梁构件不一定必须在所有面上呈现金属板网区域，但是在某些情况下在梁构件一面或两面具有金属板网结构是恰当的，例如在四边形梁构件的两相对面或在两个或三个相邻面具有金属板网结构。还可以想象到在具有卵形截面的梁构件中，一面呈现金属板网区域，而另一面是未穿孔的。未穿孔的边缘区域可设有金属板网区域，或具有意图使构件变轻的孔洞。
制造本发明梁构件的薄板金属可由不同材料制成，例如铝或钢等。
本发明的梁构件可通过扩孔机(expander)来制造，该扩孔机可形成被薄金属板的未穿孔区域隔开的金属板网区域，和扩孔机联同使用的还有直接位于上述扩孔机后面的成形机和折边机或焊接机。成型机和折边机或焊接机可与扩孔机分开。
本发明的梁构件可表现出很好的强度特性，并且制造成本低，以致于能够适于在建筑业作为承载的结构梁来使用，来代替目前使用的大小尺寸兼有的木制梁。
商业考虑
自供给的金属板网和未穿孔板的型材可由一卷薄板金属带材来制造。带有边缘的金属板网型材和/或未穿孔板的带材由滚压成形。本发明可进行产品的大量制造。
应用
*建筑结构中的柱和梁
*钢或铝制的容器和建筑物，例如楼房阳台设备
*用于公路设备的能量吸收支撑构件，例如轻质柱
*家具框架
*管状结构
*电缆支撑系统及保护(屏蔽)、修饰元件和扩散器等等
*用于噪声吸收的隧道隔层
*汽车设计中的冲撞保护件
*例如在轻型船中采用的加强肋框架
性能
*低重量
*低能量传递(噪声和热)
*通过变形产生的高能量吸收
*低成本、大量快速生产
*穿孔和连接等简单
*设计和生产品种的灵活性
一般性特点
*机械投资成本取决于金属带材的厚度、金属带材的宽度和后生产设备
*旋转扩孔机具有高生产能力
*与由相同板厚的未经处理金属带材制成的型材相比能低成本生产每个单元
*工艺和材料节约使产品增产
*本发明为满足每件产品的特定性能要求提供了较宽的范围
*现今该技术最适于加工厚度约3～5mm的金属带材。
制造工艺
上述梁构件的型材可由一卷薄板金属带材以直排式制得。生产线可由旋转扩孔机、滚压成形机及例如高频(HF)焊接机或接有切断机的折边机组成。金属带材区在旋转扩孔机上扩孔。在扩孔区之间留有未穿孔的金属区域。例如圆形或方形的自供型材在滚压成形机上成形。未穿孔区在拐角处形成边缘，该拐角处通过例如焊接或叠合接缝方式密封。如果选择叠合接缝，该接缝可在滚压成形过程中形成。可采用HF焊接形成在管材制造中的焊接密封。也可使用其它形式的型材密封方法。
当然，在由下面权利要求书确定的本发明概念的范围内，可以进行许多修改。

Claims (9)

1.一种梁构件，至少在其两个侧面呈现完全和/或部分封闭的外形，其特征在于：所述梁构件由薄板金属带材成形，该梁构件沿已完成外形的至少一个侧面呈现细长的金属板网区域(2、3)；与各侧面连接的薄板金属带材的区域是未穿孔的；薄板金属带材的两个相交边缘彼此连接并固定以形成封闭的外形。
2.根据权利要求1所述的梁构件，其特征在于：成型的薄板金属带材的所有侧面呈现一个或多个金属板网区域(1、2)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的梁构件，其特征在于：成型的薄板金属带材的边缘通过把未穿孔的边缘区(3)叠合而相互连接在一起。
4.根据权利要求1所述的梁构件，其特征在于：成型的薄板金属带材的边缘通过焊接相互连接在一起。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的梁构件，该梁构件截面呈现四边形，其特征在于：拐角区是未穿孔的，并且使外形封闭的叠合或连接区(3)位于未穿孔边缘区的一个拐角处。
6.制造根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的金属板网型材的方法，其特征在于，型材(10)在由旋转扩孔机(13)、滚压成形机(14)和例如高频(HF)焊接机(15)或其后带有切断机的折边机组成的生产线(12)上由一卷薄板金属带材(11)直线式制成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于：金属带材(16)的区域在旋转扩孔机(13)上扩孔，并在扩孔区之间留有未穿孔的金属区；例如圆形或方形的自供型材在滚压成形机上成形；未穿孔区域在拐角处形成边缘；并且通过例如焊接或叠合接缝方式使型材密封。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：叠合接缝是在滚压成型过程中形成的。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：采用HF焊接如同在管材制造中一样形成焊接密封。
CN96197783A 1995-09-07 1996-09-02 梁构件 Pending CN1200162A (zh)

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US5778626A (en) 1998-07-14
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