CN1197597C - 消肿止痛外用纯中药水包油(o/w)型处方及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
消肿止痛外用纯中药水包油(o/w)型处方及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
局部红肿热痛急性炎症是临床常见症状。为防止转为慢性,快速治愈,本人采用活血化淤、消肿止痛较好的中药材如红花、丹参、赤芍等13位中药,根据祖国医学理论和近代医学基础知识,经过长期临床实践反复筛选,并在制备工艺上有所创新。即以水油两相先分别提取有效成分后再合成水包油型软膏外用,通过16项基础医学实验证实本品局部涂擦后可迅速改善微循环、提高代谢酶的活性,并使肌糖原增加、巨噬细胞活跃,局部炎性净化加速,组织再生能力增强。因而本品可使犬趺关节重度挫伤平均3~4天肿胀消退,4.6天达到临床治愈,疗效显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。经解放军总医院等12个医疗单位671例临床观察总有效率达98.7%。一般3~4天肿痛消退,功能恢复正常。
Description
技术领域
本发明根据跌打损伤和其他原因引起局部急性炎症的病理变化和皮肤生物膜的特点,以及中医中药辩证施治的基本理论,经过临床实践反复筛选,科学配伍组成了快速消肿、止痛的方剂。特别是在制备工艺上,采取了水、油两相提,然后再合成透皮吸收良好的水包油(O/W)型制剂。此项创新使其效果得到更充分的发挥。
背景技术
在临床上,由于机械性、物理性、化学性和生物学性所造成的红肿热痛等局部急性炎症,特别是跌打损伤是外科临床多发病之一。如果病情严重,治疗失宜,不仅影响机体的功能,给病人带来痛苦,甚至因结缔组织过度增生而难于治愈。目前国内外治疗本病的方法很多,但速效、特效疗法甚少。尽管局部治疗具要使作用直达病处,对全身影响较小的优点,但理学疗法常需一定设备,水或酒调药物外敷粘着力差,干燥快,作用时间短;以凡士林为基质调治的软膏透皮能力又较低;硬膏(黑膏药、白膏药及橡皮膏药)含药量较低又不透气,且易粘着汗毛,常有过敏反映;油膏又粘腻粘污衣物。所有这些均使疗效和推广应用受到一定限制。为克服上述不足,又能应用于皮损创面达到消肿快、止痛好的目的,特以活血化瘀、消炎止痛效果较好的中药,经特殊工艺配制成本方剂。目前该类品种传统用药“七厘散”“跌打丸”“活血散”,以及现在市售此类药物“沈阳红药”“正红花油”“正骨药水”“扶他林”“按摩乳”等。本品对上述部分产品进行了疗效的对比实验。其结果证明本品具有明显的优越性。(详见说明书后半部分)
发明内容
1 要解决的技术问题
祖国医学对局部炎症诊治方面,不仅理论精深独具一格,也为近代本品深入研究提供了可靠的依据和极为丰富的经验。尤其近代制剂技术不断革新为此项研究提供了有利条件。具体解决了以下二个问题。
(1)处方与剂量配比
祖国医学对局部肿痛等急性炎症,则认为是典型的气滞血瘀征候,并有“痛则不通,通则不痛”的论断。所以本方剂应以改善微循环,即活血化瘀药为主,但同时它又是显著的局部热性病征候,在用药上则应以“热者寒之”,又应以寒性药为重,可是所有活血化瘀药又多是辛温类,为解决这一难题,特选择了一味寒凉活血药物。这样既达到了活血化瘀药占本方的全部中药量的3/5以上,又使苦寒、微寒药达到全部中药量的2/3之目的。因而使凉血而不致瘀滞,化瘀又不至于妄行。
(2)制备工艺
本品为外用药,根据皮肤的结构和影响透皮吸收的因素,以及细胞分子生物膜的特点,采用了透皮吸收较好的水包油(O/W)型进行配置。根据查新资料了解到,一般水包油型药膏是先制成基质,然后再将中药粉末或提取物混入其中。个别尚见到只有水相提取,尚未见到水油两相分别提取,然后再合成药膏。而本品是根据处方中每味中药有效成分极性强弱的不同,采取水油两相分别提取,然后再合成本品。
2 技术方案
(1)处方与剂量
栀子 100-300克 丹参 100-300克
大黄 50-300克 姜黄 50-300克
红花 50-300克 川芎 25-150克
牡丹皮 25-150克 黄柏 25-150克
白蔹 25-125克 乳香 25-150克
赤芍 25-150克 没药 25-150克
冰片 50-150克
(2)制备工艺
以上13位栀子、大黄、黄柏、白蔹等加5、2、1.5倍量水煎煮3次,每次30分钟,合并煎液滤过,滤液浓缩至生药量的2~3倍;另取乳香没药等以生药量的1~3倍的植物油榨取,去渣,滤过;最后用硬脂酸、甘油和三乙醇胺将水、油两相提取液在摄氏80度温度下乳化成水包油(O/W)型软膏,待冷至摄氏40度时,加入冰片,搅拌均匀分装即得。
(3)适应症及用法
本品适用于各种因素所造成的急性、亚急性炎症的治疗。如关节扭挫伤、软组织挫伤、血肿、肌肉拉伤、肌腱及韧带撕裂伤、腱炎、腱鞘炎、骨折及关节脱位整复后的副损伤,皮肤感染创面等。此外,对I-II度烧烫伤、冻伤,牙周炎、乳腺炎、褥疮等亦有显著疗效。
用法视患部大小取适量软膏与患部涂擦,约2毫米厚,盖以厚软纸绷带包扎;对于皮损创面涂药前应常规消毒。每日用药一次。
3 有益效果
(1)动物实验
本研究采用59只犬、85只家兔、68只大白鼠、166只小白鼠。以济南日用化工二厂生产的栈桥牌按摩乳和西安自强制药厂生产的展筋活血散(由麝香、三七、乳香、没药等贵重药材组成的外用散剂)为对照组。
实验结果如下:
①消肿作用
应用犬兔两种动物后肢挫伤模型,采取损伤关节周长测量法和患肢排水测量法两种手段,对实验组和活血散的消肿效果分别进行了对比实验。结果表明实验组可使挫伤组织的肿胀,用药第一天平均消退50%左右,第四天几乎完全消退,而活血散、按摩乳及空白组第四天仅消退20-30%,两者相差非常显著(P∠0.01)。详见附件1、2、4、5。
②止痛效果
应用犬和小鼠两种动物,采取压力计测定法和小鼠扭体法两种手段对实验组和活血散及按摩乳的止痛效果进行了对比实验,结果证实:实验组具有显著止痛效果,与其他各组相比均具有非常显著差异(P∠0.01)。详见附件1、2、4、6。现将附件1、6介绍如下:
表1 自身两组关节治疗前后压痛比较(X±SX)Kg
组别 | 关节数 | 治疗前 | 治疗后2天 | 治疗后4天 |
实验组 | 11 | 1.45±0.05 | 2.43±0.11# | 3.04±0.02# |
对照组 | 11 | 1.45±0.05 | 1.77±0.08 | 2.06±0.06 |
注#为P∠0.01
表2 各组小白鼠疼痛反应的扭体次数比较
组别 | 小白鼠只数 | 扭体次数(X±SX) | t试验 |
实验组 | 10 | 4±0.6 | |
对照组 | 10 | 10.4±2.0 | p∠0.01 |
空白组 | 10 | 20.4±2.5 | P∠0.01 |
③促进功能恢复
实验组可使犬重度关节挫伤呈现三肢跳跃前进状态,平均4.1天恢复正常,而活血散则需12天,前者比后者提前8天(见表3),两者相差非常显著(P∠0.01);实验组与按摩乳比较,两者相差也非常显著(见附件1、2)。
表3 自身两组病肢跛行消失天数比较
组别 | 药物 | 关节数 | 天数(x±sx) | t试验 |
实验组 | 本品 | 11 | 4.1±0.3 | p∠0.01 |
对照组 | 活血散 | 11 | 12.0±0.6 | p∠0.01 |
④加速关节滑液恢复正常的功能
实验犬关节挫伤后,滑液量及白细胞数均比正常情况下平均增加十倍以上,滑液总蛋白、蛋白各组分、白/球比值及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)也都发生显著变化。本品治疗4天后各项指标均基本恢复至正常范围(详见表4、5、6、7、8)。其疗效显著优于活血散,两者各项指标相差都非常显著,详见附件3。
⑤临床治愈天数
本品对犬重度关节挫伤平均4.6天临床治愈,而活血散则需15.8天,前者比后者疗程平均提前11.2天,两者相差非常显著(p∠0.01),详见附件1。
⑥治疗次数
对犬趺关节重度挫伤,从开始治疗到临床治愈本品平均治疗3.6次,比活血散减少8.3次,两者相差非常显著(p∠0.01)。
⑦促进创伤愈合及抗感染作用
对9只家兔臀部造成的长3cm、深1cm新鲜污染创,涂布本品后第二天即形成干痂,未见创面化脓及创围肿胀现象,第六天达到第一期愈合(详见附件15)。
通过抑菌学实验,采取平皿打孔法表明:本品对金黄色葡萄球菌具有很强的抑制作用,其抑菌直径为15mm;对绿脓杆菌也有抑菌效果,抑菌环直径为13mm。(详见附件14)。
⑧对病理解剖、病理组织、组织化学、超微结构及微循环的影响
对本品与空白基质及活血散的疗效进行了如下对比观察:
应用本品治疗24、48小时,可见家兔膝上淋巴结肿胀消失,皮下胶样侵润减轻或消失,肌间小血管显著扩张、充血,毛细血管明显增多,巨噬细胞大量侵润,包围和吞噬坏死的肌纤维,成纤维细胞开始增生。电镜下可见肌原纤维整齐,肌节清晰,肌浆中有较多自噬性溶酶体,线粒体内嵴变得完整、数量增加,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)显著增高,琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)也开始增多。72、120小时,本品可使红褐色质地稍硬的肌肉变为淡褐色富有弹性,大量巨噬细胞聚集于病灶内,使坏死的肌纤维几乎完全清除,并有大量肌蕾生成,有的彼此吻合,形成一条完整的肌纤维,大部肌纤维以各种方式实现完全再生。此时LDH急剧下降,已恢复到正常水平,而SDH、ATPase及糖原则达高峰,以后开始下降。(详见附件9、10、11、12、13)。
基质及活血散治疗24、48小时,可见膝上淋巴结肿大,皮下剩淡红色胶样侵润,肌肉呈红褐色,质地较硬的肿胀,缺乏弹性,切开后流出少量血液和浆液。镜检可见肌纤维肿胀、纵横纹消失、肌间可见大量红细胞,偶见成纤维细胞。以活血散治疗组,在肌浆中可见自噬性溶酶体,有时在肌间可见小血管,其他情况与基质治疗组基本相同。该两组治疗48小时,LDH才开始逐渐升高,SDH、ARPase及糖原增加均不明显。治疗72、120小时,肌肉呈红褐色,质地仍然稍坚硬、缺乏弹性,结缔组织明显增生,取代了部分坏死肌纤维,病灶内虽有多量巨噬细胞侵润,但包围坏死肌纤维者却很少,仍有大量坏死肌纤维、红细胞集灶未被清除,仅有少量肌蕾出现。在酶及糖原方面活血散组,LDH、SDH、ATPase及糖原均显著升高,而基质组与其不同者ATPase及糖原都一直处于较低状态,仅见缓慢上升。(详见11、12、13)。
(2)临床实验观察
先后经解放军总医院、成都军区昆明总医院、国家体委训练局医务处等12个医疗单位临床应用,共观察了763例,其中实验组671例。在对照组用药(活血散)为其使用说明书药量的4-20倍情况下,实验组总有效率为98.7%,而对照组则为84.8%。两组治愈率相差非常显著。详见下表。
组别 | 例数 | 百分率(%) | ||||
总有效率* | 治愈 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | ||
实验组 | 671 | 98.7 | 64.7 | 21.5 | 12.5 | 1.3 |
对照组 | 92 | 84.8 | 28.3 | 26.1 | 30.4 | 15.2 |
注*p∠0.01
典型病例
病例1陈××,女,14岁,国家体操运动员。1986年去南韩参加亚运会前十天,双臂伸肌拉伤,局部肿胀、压痛、中度机能障碍。经应用本品,每日一次,两天后即消肿止痛,正常参加比赛,连续获得三块金牌。为金牌获得做出了贡献。
病例2边×,女,31岁,干部,1986年9月4日突发急性腰扭伤,局部疼痛难忍。次日上午来医务处按摩、牵引治疗无效,不能下床。下午用本品按摩腰部15分钟,即能下床走路,前后弯腰,晚上能上街、串亲。
Claims (2)
1.一种消肿止痛外用纯中药水包油(O/W)型制剂,其特征在于该处方的组分和含量如下:
栀子100~300克、丹参100~300克、大黄50~300克、姜黄50~300克、红花50~300克、川芎25~150克、牡丹皮25~150克、黄柏25~150克、白蔹25~150克、乳香25~150克、赤芍25~150克、没药25~150克、冰片50~150克。
2.一种制备如权利要求1所述的消肿止痛外用纯中药水包油型制剂的工艺其特征在于:根据处方中每味中药有效成分极性强弱的不同,将其分成两部分;极性强的用水提,非极性的用油提,然后用硬脂酸、甘油和三乙醇胺等将水油两相提取液在摄氏80度下乳化成水包油型软膏,待冷却到摄氏40度时加入冰片搅拌均匀分装即得。
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CN102512530B (zh) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-05 | 黄美州 | 一种治疗急性闭合性运动创伤的外敷中药 |
CN104189334A (zh) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-12-10 | 汪静 | 一种治疗肌腱撕裂损伤的药膏 |
CN104825588A (zh) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-08-12 | 南京恒邦生态农业科技发展有限公司 | 一种排毒通络祛痛液及其制备方法 |
CN104825618B (zh) * | 2015-06-03 | 2017-10-13 | 中山市中医院 | 一种治疗骨伤初期的中药组合物及凝胶膏剂和制备方法 |
CN106265603A (zh) * | 2015-06-09 | 2017-01-04 | 李荣福 | 一种治疗血瘀症的磁能静电中药经络穴位贴 |
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