CN1188678A - Water sytsem extinguishant - Google Patents
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- CN1188678A CN1188678A CN97102057A CN97102057A CN1188678A CN 1188678 A CN1188678 A CN 1188678A CN 97102057 A CN97102057 A CN 97102057A CN 97102057 A CN97102057 A CN 97102057A CN 1188678 A CN1188678 A CN 1188678A
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Abstract
An aqueous fire-extinguishing agent featuring better foaming and filming performance in low-temp (lower than -20 deg.C) region contains primary fire-extinguishing component chosen from phosphoric acid and its salts, boric acid and its salts, carbonate, silicate, or their mixture, secondary fire-extinguishing component chosen from inorganic salt or organic substance, filming agent (fluoric surfactant), foaming agent (hydrocarbon surfactant), foam stabilizer (high-molecular compound) and setting point reducer (organic compound).
Description
The present invention relates to a water-based fire extinguishing agent, and more particularly to a water-based fire extinguishing agent having excellent foamability and film-forming property even in a low temperature range of-20 ℃.
Conventionally, as a water-based fire extinguishing agent, a reinforcing liquid fire extinguishing agent (an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate) has been generally used. The fire extinguisher has the advantages of good effect of preventing reburning and good visual field during fire extinguishing due to the cooling effect and infiltration effect of water. However, in view of the composition, the water-based fire extinguishing agent generally has excellent fire extinguishing properties against wood fires, but is inferior to the powder fire extinguishing agentagainst oil fires. Since the above water-based fire extinguishing agent has strong basicity, it cannot be said to be safe to humans and animals. Thus, a neutral fire extinguishing agent (ammonium phosphate system) has been developed, for example, in Japanese patent laid-open No. 4-24032.
Ammonium phosphate suitable for the neutral fire extinguishing agent is also excellent in solubility in water, and its aqueous solution is substantially neutral (pH6.5 to 8), and is considered to be an ideal neutral fire extinguishing agent, but since the national regulations require that the fire extinguishing agent be usable at-20 ℃, it is necessary to add a large amount of an antifreezing agent and a freezing point depressant to meet the requirements. However, since the antifreeze and the freezing point depressant use petroleum-based hazardous substances, they have a problem of volatilization and ignition at high temperatures in the range of-20 ℃ to 40 ℃ which is a national standard. On the other hand, the surfactant performance is lowered at low temperatures, and foaming and film forming properties are problematic, which is a major technical obstacle. In view of the above, the present invention has been developed and provided a water-based fire extinguishing agent having excellent foamability and film-forming property even at-20 ℃.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has been made to achieve the object by taking the following points as objects of study:
A. preventing the seawater from generating the precipitation of phosphate
B. Improvement of hard water resistance
C. Sea water resistant surfactant
D. Imidazoline insoluble in seawater
E. The pour point depressant is a combustible organic substance, and the effective concentration range is determined because the blending amount mustbe controlled as much as possible to prevent re-combustion.
F. The addition amount of inorganic freezing point depressant (fire extinguishing aid) of phosphates, carbonates and borates was confirmed to be about 4% to 18% in the effective range.
G. The effectiveness of both the fire extinguishing agent for the general small fire extinguisher and the large fire extinguishing agent is available.
H. Prevent the insolubilization and surface activity reduction of perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid potassium salt, perfluoroalkyl betaine and perfluoro 4 ammonium at low temperature (-below 5 ℃), acidity and seawater.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a water-based fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing fires caused by wood or oil products.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a water-based fire extinguishing agent which has good foamability and film-forming properties at low temperatures.
Other objects of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description of the invention. All percentages used herein are by weight, unless otherwise indicated.
According to the present invention, a water-based fire extinguishing agent includes:
a. the main fire-extinguishing agent is a main fire-extinguishing agent,
b. a fire-extinguishing auxiliary agent which is a mixture of fire-extinguishing auxiliary agent,
c. a film-forming agent which is a mixture of,
d. a blowing agent,
e. a foam stabilizer, wherein the foam stabilizer is a mixture of a foam stabilizer and a foam stabilizer,
f. a pour point depressant, and
g. water (W)
Wherein the fire extinguishing main agent (a) is selected from phosphoric acid and salts thereof, boric acid and salts thereof, carbonates and silicates or mixtures thereof; the fire extinguishing auxiliary (b) is selected from inorganic salts or organic matters; the film forming agent (c) is a fluorine surfactant; the foaming agent (d) is selected from hydrocarbon surfactants; the foam stabilizer (e) is a high molecular compound; the pour point depressant (f) is an organic compound.
The water-based fire extinguishing agent of the present invention comprises
a. Fire extinguishing main agent: 4 to 18 percent
b. Fire extinguishing auxiliary agent: 1 to 3 percent
c. Film-forming agent: 0.1 to 0.2 percent
d. Foaming agent: 0.5 to 2 percent
e. Foam stabilizer: 0.1 to 0.5 percent
f. Pour point depressant: 14 to 18 percent
g. Water: and (4) the balance.
1. Fire extinguishing main agent
According to the invention, in the fire-extinguishing main agent, the phosphoric acid and its salts are selected from H3PO4，NH4H2PO4，(NH4)2HPO4，NaP3O10，(CH3)3PO4Boric acid and salts thereof selected from H3BO4，Na2B4O7，NH4BO2，K2B4O7(ii) a Carbonate is selected from (NH)4)2CO3，NH4HCO3，K2CO3，Na2CO3，KHCO3And silicate is selected from K2OnSiO2，Na2OnSiH2O, wherein n is 2 to 4.
2. Fire extinguishing aid
The fire-extinguishing auxiliary is selected from one or more of the group consisting of phosphoric acid and its salts such as K3PO4，K2HPO4，(NH4)3PO4，KH2PO4，H3PO4，Na3PO4，Na2HPO4，NaH2PO4；CH3COONH4；CH3COONa，NH2CONH2。
3. Film-forming agent (surface tension reducing agent, foam developing agent)
The fluorine-based surfactant is selected from perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid type, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid type, perfluoroalkyl 4-grade ammonium type, perfluoroalkyl polyoxyethylene type, perfluoroalkyl betaine type, perfluoroalkyl amine type, or their mixture.
4. Foaming agent (surfactant)
The foaming agent is selected from polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, alkyl allyl sulfonate, alkyl ammonium chloride, carboxyl betaine, sulfobetaine, amino acid salt, imidazoline derivative, aminoacetic acid type, ammonium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene sodium lauryl sulfate, fatty acid monoethanolamine, fatty acid diethanolamine, dialkyl ester sodium sulfosuccinate, N-acyl-N-methyl- β -alanine salt, or their mixture.
5. Foam stabilizer (mainly polymer)
The foam stabilizer used in the present invention may be selected from, for example, polyethylene glycols (#20,000, #6000, #4000)
Carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxy propylene cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, fatty aciddiethanolamide, polyoxyethylene diethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene diamine,
sulfate, sodium polyacrylate and pectin.
6. Pour point depressant
The pour point depressant is selected from one or a mixture of more of the following substances:
the amount of urea is such that the urea,
alcohols of ethanol: methanol, hydroxyethyl, isopropyl alcohol,
polyol: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (300), glycerol,
amide: formamide, methylformamide, acetamide, methylacetamide, dimethylacetamide,
solvents: methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve,
diethylene glycol-ethyl ethers: dimethyl ethylene glycol monobutyl ester, dimethyl ethylene glycol monoethyl ester,
and (3) the other: ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfooxide and acetonitrile.
The water-based extinguishing agent can be added with other auxiliary agents according to different application occasions and requirements. For example:
7. fire extinguishing performance reinforcing agent
The fire-extinguishing performance enhancer is selected from dimethyl silicone oil, fluorine modified silicone oil, amino modified silicone oil (both ends are modified), and metal soap (lauric acid C)12) Triethanolamine, perfluoroalkyl betaine, perfluoroalkyl quaternary ammonium, perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid potassium salt, or mixtures thereof. The fire extinguishing performance enhancer can increase the heat resistance, liquid resistance and cold resistance of the fire extinguishing agent and can reduce the surface tension.
8. Foam expansion aid
The foam expansion aid used in the present invention may be selected from, for example, methyl isobutyl ketone, cellosolve acetate, butylene glycol-ethanol.
9. Neutralizing agent
The neutralizing agent is selected from NH3Water, CH3COOH, monoethanolamine, dihexanolamine,
diisopropanolamine, triethanolamine, H3PO4，NaOH，KOH，H3BO3A solvent for a hardly soluble substance, sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO)4) Or a mixture thereof, for adjusting the pH value of the water-based fire extinguishing agent.
10. Micro-dense foam forming agent
According to the present invention, rice vinegar (table vinegar, acidity 4.5) can be added to the water-based fire extinguishing agent in an amount of 0.5 to 1%, and the addition of rice vinegar can significantly reduce the state of foam, promote the formation of a coating or foam covering a combustion product, and provide excellent wetting, infiltration, and permeability.
11. Hard water resistance agent
According to the invention, the following components can be added to the water-based extinguishing agent:
polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ester 1-2%
(ratio of lipophilicity to hydrophilicity of 13 or more, cloud Point of 85 ℃ or more)
1 to 2 percent of sodium tripolyphosphate
1 to 1 percent of polyoxyethylene alkyl betaine
0.2 to 0.4 percent of aminocyclopropane phosphonic acid (0.1 to 0.2 percent of effective component)
The water-based fire extinguishing agent is used for improving the hard water resistance of the water-based fire extinguishing agent and is suitable for the requirements of different application occasions.
12. Liquid-proof agent
According to the present invention, one of triethanolamine and isopropylamine can be used in combination with a pH adjuster, a liquid stabilizer, an emulsifier, a foaming stabilizer, a neutralizer and a fluorine-based surfactant to significantly improve the liquid and heat resistance. Furthermore, lauric acid CH3(CH2)2COOH is also in the form of metal soap, has high stability, and is effective as a liquid-proof agent for foam-series fire extinguishing agents, i.e., [ (CH) isopropanolamine3CH(OH)CH2)2NH](having both ethanol and amine properties and being rich in reactive compounds) has the effect of significantly improving the ductility of the cells and the effect of smoothly spreading the cell film on the surface of the combustion oil.
As a result of tests on various kinds of fire extinguishing agents which have high stability as an aqueous solution and are effective for both of A fire (wood) and B fire (oil), salts such as potassium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium phosphate, ketonic acid salts, carbonates, potassium tetraborate and the like, ammonium sulfate and the like are used as a main agent or an auxiliary agent. Phosphates have a problem in lowering the freezing point although they have a high fire extinguishing ability.
Extinguishing fire by water systemTherefore, in order to improve these properties of the water-based fire extinguishing agent of the present invention, the water-based fire extinguishing agent is prepared from sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate (infiltration permeability, reduction of interfacial tension), carboxybetaine (compatibility with other surfactants and foam stability), ammonium lauryl sulfate (fine and dense foamability and heat resistance), sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate (infiltration, emulsification, dispersion and heat resistance), imidazolinebetaine NS, CH type (compatibility with inorganic salts), N-acyl-N-methyl- β -alaninate-anion type (compatibility with cations), and the like,
Fatty acid alkylolamides (C)12，50.1％，C16Preferably 7.6%) or the like. In this selection, it is necessary to use an alkyl betaine type or an imidazoline betaine type in combination, and the amount of the alkyl betaine type or the imidazoline betaine type is most effective in the range of 0.06% to 0.12%. In particular, in the present invention, it was found that the critical micelle concentration of sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate is approximately 0.06, and the effects of reducing surface and interfacial tension and improving wetting and permeability were confirmed. Furthermore, the fatty acid composition of the fatty acid alkylolamides, due to C12Lauric acid and ethyleneglycol amine salt exhibit basicity, and since the specially prepared surfactant which promotes extremely rapid saponification with potassium tetraborate is used in the present invention, it is effective in promoting the alkalinization when it is sprinkled on burning edible oil, and also has an auxiliary action of promoting hydrolysis (saponification) and emulsification for oil and fat fires and petroleum fires. The concentration is preferably in the range of 10.7% to 12.2%. It was also confirmed that, when used, the performance can be improved by dissolving a aminopropionic acid (N-acyl-N-methyl alanine salt) surfactant in ethanol or isopropanol. Further, both the fluorine-modified silicone oil and the fluorine-based surfactant have the ability to greatly reduce the surface tension. By covering the surface of other burning objects, the foam layer and the micelle film form gelation, thereby having good oxygen isolation effect, especially good weather resistance and liquid resistance. Fluorine modified silicone oilHas good compatibility, and especially has great effect on extinguishing alcohol fire. Sodium Polyoxyethylene alkyl acid, salt-free imidazolinium betaine NS (with boron)Acid salt reaction and saponification), the emulsification reaction becomes large by using it in combination with polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether 512. In addition, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether 512 and C12Laurylethyleneglycol amine salt was used in combination, and the emulsion reaction became large.
Sulfate salts, sodium polyoxyethylene sulfate, imidazolinium betaine NS and polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether 512 are effective for emulsifying animal, mineral and vegetable oils. Further, focusing on the fact that light and heavy oils, low viscosity oils, petroleum, gasoline, benzene, toluene, and the like have good emulsifying ability, when used in combination with a fluorine-based surfactant and a high molecular weight cellulose, the emulsifying action thereof significantly promotes "thixotropy imparting" and "gel-like precipitates" due to the strong wetting permeability, emulsifying action, and interfacial tension reducing action. In addition, both sulfuric acid esters and phosphoric acid esters can be used as fire extinguishing auxiliary agents. In particular, sulfate salt has a good effect as a property stabilizer of a fire extinguishing agent.
The potassium salt of a perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid shows good activity in an alkaline solution, but the activity is somewhat problematic at low temperatures. There is also a problem that the foamability is lowered at a temperature of-20 ℃ or lower. Adding perfluoroalkyl betaine, and stirring with polar solvent and aqueous solution of trace sulfuric acid (0.1-5%) at 60-80 deg.C to remarkably improve foaming property, film forming property, ductility, and heat resistance. The time for stirring the polar solvent and the aqueous solution containing a very small amount of sulfuric acid while heating is preferably 4 to 6 hours. The effective addition amount is 6-8 of perfluoroalkyl potassium carbonate salt and 2-4 of perfluoroalkyl betaine; preferably 7: 3, and has good effect. Preferably 0.06% to 0.12% relative to the total amount. However, it is important to use a combination of hydrocarbon surfactants, particularly in consideration of the amount of the anionic sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate added. The addition amount of the surfactant is preferably in the range of 0.01-0.12%, more preferably 0.03-0.06%, to improve permeability and reduce interfacial tension.
After 0.5 to 1 percent of rice vinegar (edible vinegar) is added, the state of foam is obviously changedThe fine particles were observed to cover the burning coating, promote the formation of foam, and improve the wettability, and permeability. This is considered to be because acetic acid contained in rice vinegar is fermented with acetic acid to obtain 3 to 4% acetic acid and a main component of the sour taste, a derivative of acetaldehyde, acetamide, acetonitrile, acetyl CH3CO-Acetic ester, aminoacetic acid, etc. The enhancement effect of the alcohol component containing acetic acid on other components is confirmed, and the adoption of rice vinegar as the component of the fire extinguishing agent has great significance. The superposition effect of the rice vinegar and the surfactant can quickly generate fine foam, so that oxygen is quickly isolated, the fire is quickly extinguished, and the effect is good. The wet permeability due to the wettability is improved, and the effect of preventing the reburning is also excellent. The performance of promoting the blocking of the evaporated gas can be improved due to the superposition effect with the fluorine-based surfactant.
Polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 18000-22000, preferably 20,000), hydroxypropyl cellulose (degree of substitution 3-3.6) is a polar organic acid having carboxyl groups at both ends, has ester bond in the molecule, and is a very stable polyethylene glycol derivative [ HOOC CH2(OCH2CH)n-OCH2COOH, molecular weight 400, 1000, 4000, 6000, wherein the molecular weight 4000 is preferably]When the fire extinguishing agent is compounded with one of polyethylene glycol derivatives with the molecular weight of 4000-8000, preferably 6000, a durable bubble film can be formed, and the bubble film can block the evaporation of combustible gas and prevent the supply of oxygen, so that the fire can be easily extinguished.
The pH can be changed to 7-8 according to the application by adjusting the respective addition amounts of ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate (acidic), phosphoric diamine, dipotassium phosphate (weakly basic), triammonium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, sodium silicate and potassium silicate (strongly basic) with different pH values. In order to be used as an active agent, palm kernel oil fatty acid (C) is specially prepared12Lauric acid, ethyleneglycol amine salt, concentration of 10.7-12.2%), alkylolamide, ethanol used as solvent, fire-extinguishing auxiliary, pH regulator, and 1-2 selected from sodium silicate, potassium silicate, phosphoric triamide, borate, carbonate, and tripotassium phosphate used as alkalinity-promoting agentWhen the obtained water-based fire extinguishing agent is sprinkled on burning edible oil, the alkalization of the heated edible oil is promoted, and the evaporation of combustible gas of the edible oil is stopped and the water-based fire extinguishing agent is not combusted due to the saponification reaction and the film forming property generated by hydrolysis, so that the purpose of fire extinguishing is achieved, and the water-based fire extinguishing agent is the special point of the matching. The general edible oil consists of:
oleic acid [ CH3(CH2)7CH：CH(CH2)7COOH]、
Linoleic acid [ CH3(CH2)4CH2CH＝CHCH2CH＝CH(CH2)7COOH]、
Linoleic acid [ CH3CH2CH＝CHCH2CH＝CHCH2CH＝CHCH2(CH2)7COOH]。
When potassium bicarbonate is added to the mixed acid, the alkali salt is generated To form soap, which becomes a nonflammable material. That is, when the salt is mixed with an aqueous solution, a saponification reaction occurs to form a nonflammable substance, and the salt exerts a cooling action due to the rise in boiling point and the endothermic decomposition, and is safe without inducing steam explosion at all.
In general, in the case of alcohol fire, such as alcohol, ketone, ester, and amine, even when the fire is extinguished, the foam disappears immediately when the foam contacts the alcohol combustion surface, and thus a large amount of spraying is required. In the present invention, the water-soluble polymer PEG (polyethylene glycol) #20,000, PEO amine #6,000, HPC, polyethylene glycol derivative, silicone oil, and the like are used as the base material,2-3 of modified silicone oil, fluorine modified silicone oil, sodium silicate and potassium silicate are selected and added in combination to endow thixotropy, when the modified silicone oil, fluorine modified silicone oil, sodium silicate and potassium silicate are contacted with a polar solvent, dehydration is carried out at an interface, a water-soluble high polymer substance containing foam air forms a gel-like precipitate on the surface of the solvent, direct contact between the foam and the solvent is prevented, a stable foam layer is maintained, and fire extinguishment is realized due to cooling and oxygen deficiency of a covered combustion surface. Further, fluorine-modified silicone oil, and organic acid having carboxyl groups at both ends and having a large polarityVery stable polyoxyethylene diethylene glycol (PEO acid), HOOCH and having ester bond in its molecule2(OCH2CH2)n-OCH2COOH (molecular weight 4000), and PEO amine 6000 are preferable. Furthermore, polyethylene glycol (CH) having a molecular weight of 20,000 or more2CH2O)nThe addition of the natural polymer water-soluble cellulose derivative and the hydroxypropylcellulose results in oxygen deficiency due to oxygen supply interruption, and thus the fire extinguishing effect is also remarkable. When a sulfate ester-containing (refined oil also includes) diisopropanolamine is used in particular among general hydrocarbon-based surfactants, thixotropy is remarkably imparted and the foam is smoothly spread. The amount of the water-soluble polymer is in the range of 0.2 to 0.4% of polyethylene glycol (#20,000), 0.2 to 0.5% of polyethylene glycol derivative, and 0.01 to 0.1% of cellulose. The addition amount of the aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent diluted by water is 2-5 percent.
An alcohol fire-resistant composition containing 2 to 5% of a silicone oil, a natural polymer cellulose derivative, a polyethylene glycol derivative, or the like can significantly enhance the heat resistance of a coating film spreading on a combustion surface in the case of a fire with a polar solvent.
The water-based fire extinguishing agent can reach the pH value of 7.4-8.0 (20 ℃), the specific gravity of 1.130-1.150 (20 ℃), the freezing point of-24-26 ℃, and the use temperature range of + 40-20 ℃.
The water-based fire extinguishing agent of the present invention can be prepared by a conventional method.
The fire extinguishing agent used was an aqueous solution of 15% of an inorganic salt, 11% of ethylene glycol, 3.5%of methyl cellosolve or diethylene glycol butyl ester, and 71% of water, and the results of the tests at-5 ℃ to 25 ℃ are shown in Table 1, in which the symbols indicate the following meanings ×: no foaming, △: little foaming, ○: high foaming,: foaming stability and good film formation. As can be seen from the table, among the imidazolinebetaine-based, six main substances of the imidazolinebetaine type which do not contain salts, carbon is more than one and is particularly cold-resistant, and the low temperature range is (-20 ℃ C. or lower)) The foamability of (2) is also good.TABLE 1
The results of cold resistance test using the same solvent as described above and using a fluorine-based surfactant and a hydrocarbon surfactant are shown in Table 2. the test for foaming property is carried out by placing 130ml of a solution in a heat-resistant sample bottle of SCHOTT or DORAN250ml, lowering the temperature to-25 ℃ in a thermostatic bath, shaking the sample bottle to foam the sample bottle, and measuring the height of the foam by the method shown in the Table.A symbol in the table indicates that X is no foaming property, △ is small in foaming property (foam layer 3m/m), ○ is large in foaming property (foam layer 10m/m),: the bubble stability is good (15 to 20m/m of bubble layer). As can be seen from the table, the combination of perfluoroalkyl betaine and imidazolinium betaine has cold resistance incomparable with other substances.TABLE 2
In the low temperature region, in order to prevent the fluorine series surfactant function deterioration, can be selected from one or two of iso-ethanol, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, butoxy ethanol, ethyl cellosolve, butyl ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethyl ethylene glycol, ethanol series, as solvent, use 0.1% -5% diluent of polybasic acid as function enhancer, when using the following method to dissolve again, can confirm that the low temperature functionality is obviously improved. That is, the ratio shown in Table 3 was increased to add a portion containing a large amount of amino acid H to water added2SO4H3PO40.1% -5% of (dissolution accelerator), and is preferably placed for 5-8 hours in an environment with a temperature of 60-80 ℃. In the low temperature range (-20 ℃ C. or lower), the foaming properties of the surfactant are significantly deteriorated, and the surfactant may be in a state of not foaming at all. However, when 0.3 to 1% of the imidazoline betaine type containing no salt is used in combination, the foaming property in a low temperature region is improved.TABLE 3
| Surface activity after dissolution Kinds of sex agents | Active agent solution (solid) Body composition 30%) | Additional component | ||||
| Water (W) | Isopropanol (I-propanol) | Ethanol | Acetone (II) | Butoxyethanol | ||
| Perfluoroalkyl carboxy carboxylic acid Acid potassium salt | 50％ | 30％ | (20)％ | 5％ | 20％ | |
| Perfluoroalkyl quaternary ammonium | 50％ | 30％ | 20％ | (20)％ | (20)％ | |
| Perfluoroalkyl betaines | 50％ | 30％ | 29％ | (20)％ | (20)％ | |
In the water-based fire extinguishing agent of the present invention, various additives have the following effects:
one or two of perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid sylvite, perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid sylvite and perfluoroalkyl quaternary ammonium iodide are mixed into 0.5-1% of betaine type without base, and then the foaming property is activated even at the temperature below-25 ℃, and the film forming property, the ductility and the cold resistance are obviously improved. Further, vinegar is added to improve stability.
The above agent can be mixed with oil saponifying agent such as silicate, borate, and bicarbonate, and used for oil fire, and can promote alkalization of edible oil, promote hydrolysis (saponification), and is effective for oil fire.
The fluorine modified silicone oil and the fluorine surfactant can greatly reduce the surface tension in a low-temperature region to form water or a film, cover the surface of a combustion object, isolate the action of combustible gas and gas, and have a large fire extinguishing effect on alcohol fires and the like.
The natural polymer cellulose derivative, the polyethylene glycol derivative and the like have good foaming and film forming properties in a low-temperature area, and have good fire extinguishing effect by the action of isolating gas, oxygen and the like.
When perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid ammonium salt is used in alkyl betaine type surfactant and dialkyl sodium sulfosuccinate type surfactant, the surface tension can be remarkably reduced to 15 dyn/cm-17 dyn/cm, and the interfacial tension can be reduced to 1.5 dyn/cm-2 dyn/cm. In addition, the ability of the water-based fire extinguishing agent to reduce interfacial tension can be significantly improved in a low temperature region.
When 0.1 to 0.3% of perfluoroalkyl betaine type, potassium salt of perfluorocarboxylic acid, or perfluoroalkyl quaternary ammonium salt is added to anionic dialkylcarbosuccinic acid, alkyl betaine surfactant, polyoxyethylene alkyl sodium sulfate, or ammonium lauryl sulfate, the interfacial tension is reduced and the heat resistance and liquid resistance are improved in the use temperature range (-20 to 40 ℃).
When a surfactant containing no salt of imidazolinone and diisopropanolamine are added to a fire extinguishing agent using a fluorine-based surfactant, the function of lowering the surface tension (15dyn to 17dyn) and the interfacial tension (1.5dyn to 2dyn) is improved in a low temperature region (below-10 ℃).
The preferred formulation of the water-based fire extinguishing agent of the present invention (wt.%) is as follows:
example (1)
0.3-0.4% of sodium molybdate
3 to 4 percent of potassium hydroxide
8-15% of ammonium phosphate
7 to 13 percent of ammonium sulfate
0.2 to 0.4 percent of aminocyclopropane phosphonic acid
12 to 18 percent of ethylene glycol
0.02-0.03% of benzotriazole
0.4-0.5% of perfluoroalkyl betaine
0.5 to 0.7 percent of polyoxyethylene alkyl sodium sulfate
1-2% of trihydroxyethylamine
1-3% of ethyl cellosolve
Contains no salt, i.e. imidazoline kaline 1-1.7%
0.5 to 1% of N-acyl-N-methyl- β -alanine
3 to 5 percent of urea
0.3 percent of morpholine
60 to 62 percent of water
Example (2) foam extinguishing agent for dilution
0.2-0.3% of sodium molybdate
1.5 to 2 percent of potassium hydroxide
4 to 7 percent of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
2-3% of tripotassium citrate
0.2 to 0.3 percent of aminocyclopropane sulfonic acid
20,0000.5-3% of polyethylene glycol
3-10% of PEO amine
8-10% of perfluoroalkyl quaternary ammonium iodide
7-8% of ethylene glycol
0.02 percent of benzotriazole
2-3% of polyoxyethylene ammonium alkyl sulfate
1.5 to 3 percent of trihydroxyethylamine
6 to 8 percent of imidazoline betaine without salt
N-acyl-N-methyl
3-5% of sodium alanine
50-60% of foam extinguishing agent for dilution in example (3)
0.08-0.1% of sodium molybdate
1.35 to 2.7 percent of sodium tripolyphosphate
1.35 to 3 percent of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
0.4 to 1 percent of potassium pyrophosphate
1.35 to 2 percent of triethanolamine
2.7 to 3.5 percent of amine acetate
2.7 to 3.5 percent of ethylene glycol
0.05 percent of benzotriazole
3-6% of PEO amine
20,0002-4% of polyethylene glycol
1.5-2% of ethyl cellosolve
15-25% of potassium perfluorocarboxylate
3-5% of perfluoroalkyl cauliflower alkali
12-15% of polyoxyethylene alkyl sodium sulfate
2-3% of polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ester
7-9% of ammonium lauryl sulfate
Does not contain 3 to 5 percent of salt-containing imidazolinone
2.8 to 3.5 percent of perfluoroalkyl cauliflower alkali
2.5 to 3.5 percent of N-methyl-N-acyl sodium alanine
Water 10 to 13% example (4)
5 percent of ammonium borate
3 percent of ammonium phosphate
Diammonium phosphate 5%
5 percent of amine acetate
Performance enhancer 20%
62% Water for Small fire extinguisher according to example (5)
0.3-0.4% of sodium molybdate
2-5% of potassium tetraborate
3 to 4 percent of sodium bicarbonate
8-13% of potassium bicarbonate
1-3% of tripotassium citrate
5 to 10 percent of ethylene glycol
0.2 to 0.3 percent of benzotriazole
0.3 to 0.5 percent of perfluoroalkyl betaine
2-3% of butyl diglycol monoethyl ether
Contains no 1-3% of salt imidazoline betaine
3 to 4 percent of urea
0.2 to 0.3 percent of morpholine
65 to 70% Water example (6) (for fire truck)
3 to 10 percent of ammonium phosphate
3 to 10 percent of diammonium phosphate
2-4% of potassium tetraborate
2 to 4 percent of potassium pyrophosphate
0.5 to 0.8 percent of aminocyclopropane phosphonic acid
5-20% of perfluoroalkyl betaine
5-20% of potassium perfluoroalkyl sulfonate
2 to 3 percent of imidazoline betaine without salt
2 to 3 percent of diisopropanolamine
5-10% of polyoxyethylene alkyl sodium sulfate
40 to 50 percent of water
Example (7)
3 percent of ammonium sulfate
5 percent of ammonium borate
2 percent of ammonium phosphate
Diammonium phosphate 8%
2 percent of citric acid
Performance enhancer 22%
58 percent of water
Fire extinguishing tests were conducted on A-2, B-3, B-5, edible oil fires and alcohol fires using fire extinguishers NR-3A (3 liters) and TR-2A (2 liters) according to the formulations of examples 1 to 7, and fire extinguishment was possible for A-2 even when the addition amount of the fire A and the pour point depressant (ethanol and polyol) added as the performance enhancer was 15% or less. For B fire, the fire extinguishing property is good when the addition amount of inorganic salts is small, and B-3 can be extinguished. However, in the case of alcohol fire or food fire, the performance is inferior due to the different addition amount of inorganic salts. It is found that the amount of the polymer compound containing the performance-improving agent is large in combination with the effect of triethanolamine, aminoethylethanolamine, diisopropanolamine and the like which are required for the effect of promoting the alkalization in the saponification reaction.
Therefore, based on the above samples, preferable formulations suitable for both wood (fire a) and oil (fire B) are exemplified as follows:
fire extinguishing agent formula for fire extinguisher, fire-fighting vehicle carrying and disaster prevention equipment
0.3-0.4% of sodium molybdate
2-5% of potassium tetraborate
3 to 5 percent of ammonium phosphate
5-8% of diammonium phosphate
6 to 9 percent of ammonium sulfate
Aminocyclopropane phosphonic acid 0.3%
12 to 20 percent of ethylene glycol
0.02 percent of benzotriazole
Contains no 1-1.5% of salt-containing imidazoline betaine
0.3-1% of perfluoroalkyl betaine
(perfluoroalkyl potassium carbonate)
2 to 4 percent of diisopropanolamine
(Triethanolamine)
2-4% of ethyl cellosolve
(Ethyl diethylene glycol monoethyl ether)
1:20.1-0.3% of fatty acid glycol amine
0.5 to 1.5% of N-acyl-N-methyl- β -alanine salt
2 to 3 percent of urea
0.8 to 1.5 percent of edible vinegar
0.3 to 0.4 percent of morpholine
60 to 63 percent of water
Examples 8-12 are comparative tests of the formulation of the water-based fire extinguishing agent of the present invention with the existing fire extinguishing agent. Test results show that the fire extinguishing agent has good fire extinguishing effect.
| Example 8 | |
| Name of medicine | ％ |
| Sodium molybdate | 0.3 |
| Potassium tetraborate | 4 |
| Sodium hydrogen phosphate | 4 |
| Potassium bicarbonate | 13 |
| Potassium citrate | 2 |
| Ethylene glycol | 7 |
| Benzotriazole compounds | 0.3 |
| Perfluoroalkyl betaines | 0.4 |
| Butyl carbitol | 2 |
| Salt-free imidazolyl betaines | 2 |
| Urea | 3 |
| Morpholine | 0.3 |
| Vinegar | 2 |
| H2O | 60 |
| Fire extinguishing performance | |||
| According to the invention Fire extinguishing agent | A fire disaster (Wood) B fire (gasoline) Frying in oil | 144 of Chinese fir wood 30 liters of gasoline 1 liter of edible oil | Extinguishing time is 25 seconds Extinguishing time is 25 seconds Extinguishing time is 10 seconds |
| City (R) Sale Article (A) | (A) (B) Frying in oil | 90 Chinese fir wood Gasoline 10 liters 1 liter of edible oil | Extinguishing time is 22 seconds Extinguishing time is 20 seconds Extinguishing time 15 seconds |
| Example 9 | |
| Name of medicine | ％ |
| Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate | 10 |
| Ammonium hydrogen phosphate | 5 |
| Sodium tetraborate | 4 |
| Potassium pyrophosphate | 2 |
| Fluoro-trimethylphosphoric acid | 0.5 |
| Perfluoroalkyl betaines | 7 |
| Perfluoroalkyl potassium phosphate | 7 |
| Salt-free imidazolyl betaines | 10 |
| Diisopropanolamine | 3 |
| Naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt | 2 |
| Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether | 1 |
| Vinegar | 1 |
| H2O | 50 |
| Fire extinguishing performance | |||
| According to the invention Fire extinguishing agent | A fire disaster (Wood) B fire (oil) Frying in oil | 144 of Chinese fir wood 30 liters of gasoline 1 liter of edible oil | Extinguishing time is 10 seconds Extinguishing time 11 seconds Extinguishing time is 2 seconds |
| City (R) Sale Article (A) | (A) (B) Frying in oil | 90 Chinese fir wood Gasoline 10 liters 1 liter of edible oil | Extinguishing time is 22 seconds Extinguishing time is 20 seconds Extinguishing time 15 seconds |
| Example 10 | |
| Name of medicine | ％ |
| Sodium molybdate | 0.4 |
| Potassium hydroxide | 3 |
| Potassium borate* | 1.5 |
| Ammonium carbonate | 8 |
| Ammonium sulfate | 7 |
| Fluoro-trimethylphosphoric acid | 0.3 |
| Ethylene glycol | 18 |
| Benzotriazole compounds | 0.3 |
| Perfluoroalkyl betaines | 0.4 |
| Polyoxyethylene sodium alkyl sulfate | 0.5 |
| Triethanolamine | 2 |
| Ethyl fibre | 2 |
| Salt-free imidazoline betaines | 1 |
| N-acyl-N-methyl- β -alaninate | 1 |
| Urea | 3 |
| Morpholine | 0.3 |
| H2O | 62 |
*Calculated as boron oxide
| Fire extinguishing performance | |||
| According to the invention Fire extinguishing agent | A fire disaster (Wood) B fire (gasoline) Frying in oil | 144 of Chinese fir wood 30 liters of gasoline 1 liter of edible oil | Extinguishing time is 22 seconds Extinguishing time 23 seconds Extinguishing time is 10 seconds |
| City (R) Sale Article (A) | (A) (B) Frying in oil | 90 Chinese fir wood Gasoline 10 liters 1 liter of edible oil | Extinguishing time is 22 seconds Extinguishing time is 20 seconds Extinguishing time 15 seconds |
| Example 11 | |
| Name of medicine | ％ |
| Sodium molybdate | 0.2 |
| Potassium hydroxide | 1.5 |
| Potassium borate* | 2 |
| Potassium citrate | 2 |
| Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate | 3 |
| Fluoro-trimethylphosphoric acid | 0.3 |
| Polyethylene glycol | 1.5 |
| Benzotriazole compounds | 0.2 |
| Ethylene glycol | 7 |
| Triethanolamine | 1.5 |
| Salt-free imidazolyl betaines | 6 |
| N-acyl-N-methyl- β -alaninate | 5 |
| Perfluoroalkyl quaternary ammonium | 10 |
| H2O | 60 |
*Calculated as boron oxide
| Fire extinguishing performance | |||
| According to the invention Fire extinguishing agent | A fire disaster (Wood) B fire (oil) Frying in oil | 144 of Chinese fir wood 30 liters of gasoline 1 liter of edible oil | Extinguishing time is 22 seconds Extinguishing time is 18 seconds Extinguishing time is 10 seconds |
| City (R) Sale Article (A) | (A) (B) Frying in oil | 90 Chinese fir wood Gasoline 10 liters 1 liter of edible oil | Extinguishing time is 22 seconds Extinguishing time is 20 seconds Extinguishing time 15 seconds |
| Example 12 | |
| Name of medicine | ％ |
| Sodium molybdate | 0.3 |
| Potassium tetraborate | 4 |
| Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate | 5 |
| Sodium bicarbonate | 8 |
| Guanidine phosphate | 2 |
| Ammonium sulfate | 6 |
| Guanidine sulfate | |
| Ethylene glycol | 15 |
| Benzotriazole compounds | 0.2 |
| Ammonium lauryl sulfate | 1 |
| Polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ethers | 4 |
| Diisopropanolamine | 4 |
| H2O | 50 |
| Fire extinguishing performance | |||
| The invention To put out a fire Agent for treating cancer | A fire disaster (Wood) B fire (gasoline) Frying in oil | 144 of Chinese fir wood 30 liters of gasoline 1 liter of edible oil | Extinguishing time is 18 seconds Extinguishing time is 18 seconds Extinguishing time is 6 seconds |
| City (R) Sale Article (A) | (A) (B) Frying in oil | 90 Chinese fir wood Gasoline 10 liters 1 liter of edible oil | Extinguishing time is 22 seconds Extinguishing time is 20 seconds Extinguishing time 15 seconds |
| Example 13 | |
| Name of reagent | ％ |
| Sodium molybdate | 0.4 |
| Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate | 4 |
| Ammonium hydrogen phosphate | 5 |
| Ammonium sulfate | 8 |
| Amino trimethyl phosphoric acid | 0.3 |
| Ethylene glycol | 20 |
| Benzotriazole compounds | 0.3 |
| Perfluoroalkyl betaines | 0.4 |
| Perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid | 0.1 |
| Salt-free imidazolyl betaines | 1 |
| N-amino-N-methyl- β -alaninate | 1 |
| Urea | 4 |
| Morpholine | 0.4 |
| Rice vinegar | 1.5 |
| H2O | 64 |
| Effect of (1) Can be used for Test for Test (experiment) | A fire disaster (Wood) Time of fire extinguishing | 600ml of 72 fir wood roots 18 seconds |
| B fire (oil) Time of fire extinguishing | Lamp oil 1 liter/600 ml 18 seconds | |
| Edible oils Time of fire extinguishing | Edible oil 1L/600 ml 11 seconds |
| Example 14 | |
| Name of reagent | ％ |
| Sodium molybdate | 0.4 |
| Potassium hydrogen phosphate | 15 |
| Potassium tetraborate | 5 |
| Potassium citrate | 2 |
| Ethylene glycol | 20 |
| Benzotriazole compounds | 0.3 |
| Perfluoroalkyl betaines | 0.3 |
| Perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid | 0.2 |
| Halomethyl-free betaines | 1.5 |
| Diisopropanolamine | 2 |
| Urea | 3 |
| Morpholine | 0.3 |
| Rice vinegar | 1.5 |
| H2O | 62.5 |
| Effect of (1) Can be used for Test for Test (experiment) | A fire disaster (Wood) Time of fire extinguishing | 144 roots/3.5L of fir wood 22 seconds |
| B fire (oil) Time of fire extinguishing | Gasoline 30L/3.5L 22 seconds | |
| Edible oils Time of fire extinguishing | Edible oil 1L/0.3L 8 seconds |
As described above, in the present invention, it is essential to select a fire extinguishing main agent and a performance improving agent having good cold resistance and to stabilize the function of reducing the surface tension and the interfacial tension in a low temperature region in order to have good foamability and film-forming ability even at-20 ℃. The water-based fire extinguishing agent which is inexpensive and can be used sufficiently even at-20 ℃ can achieve such an effect.
The fire extinguishing agent activated in the low temperature region has the effect of expanding the fire extinguishing target because the foaming film forming agent which is optimal for oil fire and ethanol fire is used and can adapt to low temperature.
Due to the above effect, a small amount of spray can extinguish a fire, and the fire extinguishing device has an effect of easily extinguishing a fire and a large fire in a small container type for home use.
Since the production cost using each auxiliary agent is low, it is effective to provide a high-performance and inexpensive water-based fire extinguishing agent.
Claims (9)
1. A water-based fire extinguishing agent comprising:
a. the main fire-extinguishing agent is a main fire-extinguishing agent,
b. a fire-extinguishing auxiliary agent which is a mixture of fire-extinguishing auxiliary agent,
c. a film-forming agent which is a mixture of,
d. a blowing agent,
e. a foam stabilizer, wherein the foam stabilizer is a mixture of a foam stabilizer and a foam stabilizer,
f. a pour point depressant, and
g. water (W)
Wherein the fire extinguishing main agent (a) is selected from phosphoric acid and salts thereof, boric acid and salts thereof, carbonates and silicates or mixtures thereof; the fire extinguishing auxiliary (b) is selected from inorganic salts or organic matters; the film forming agent (c) is a fluorine surfactant; the foaming agent (d) is selected from hydrocarbon surfactants; the foam stabilizer (e) is a high molecular compound; the pour point depressant (f) is an organic compound.
2. The fire extinguishing agent of claim 1, wherein:
a. fire extinguishing main agent: 4 to 18 percent of
b. Fire extinguishing auxiliary agent: 1 to 3 percent of
c. Film-forming agent: 0.1 to 0.2 percent
d. Foaming agent: 0.5 to 2 percent
e. Foam stabilizer: 0.1 to 0.5 percent
f. Pour point depressant: 14 to 18 percent
g. Water: and (4) the balance.
3. The fire extinguishing agent of claim 1, wherein the blowing agent is selected from the group consisting of:
polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, alkylallyl sulfonate, alkylammonium chloride, carboxybetaine, sulfobetaine, amino acid salt, imidazoline derivative, aminoacetic acid type, ammonium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene sodium lauryl sulfate, fatty acid monoethanolamine, fatty acid diethanolamine, sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate, N-acyl-N-methyl- β -alaninate, or a mixture thereof.
4. The fire extinguishing agent of claim 1, wherein the foam stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of:
polyethylene glycol (#20,000, #6000, #4000), carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, fatty acid diethanolamide, polyoxyethylene diethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene diamine, sulfate, sodium polyacrylate, pectin.
5. The fire extinguishing agent of claim 1, wherein the pour point depressant is selected from one or more of the group consisting of:
the amount of urea is such that the urea,
alcohols of ethanol: methanol, hydroxyethyl, isopropyl alcohol,
polyol: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (300), glycerol,
amide: formamide, methylformamide, acetamide, methylacetamide, dimethylacetamide,
solvents: methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve,
diethylene glycol-ethyl ethers: dimethyl ethylene glycol monobutyl ester, dimethyl ethylene glycol monoethyl ester,
and (3) the other: ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfooxide and acetonitrile.
6. The fire extinguishing agent of claims 1-5, wherein the fire extinguishing agent further comprises table vinegar.
7. The fire extinguishing agent of claims 1-6, wherein the fire extinguishing agent further comprises a hard water resistance agent.
8. The fire extinguishing agent of claim 6, wherein the hard water resistance agent has a composition of:
polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ester
Sodium tripolyphosphate
Polyoxyethylene alkyl betaines
Aminocyclopropane phosphonic acid
9. The fire extinguishing agent of claim 7, wherein the hard water resistance agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight based on the total weight of the fire extinguishing agent:
polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ester 1-2%
(ratio of lipophilicity to hydrophilicity of 13 or more, cloud Point of 85 ℃ or more)
1 to 2 percent of sodium tripolyphosphate
1 to 1 percent of polyoxyethylene alkyl betaine
0.2 to 0.4 percent of aminocyclopropane phosphonic acid (0.1 to 0.2 percent of effective component)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97102057A CN1188678A (en) | 1997-01-23 | 1997-01-23 | Water sytsem extinguishant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97102057A CN1188678A (en) | 1997-01-23 | 1997-01-23 | Water sytsem extinguishant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1188678A true CN1188678A (en) | 1998-07-29 |
Family
ID=5166127
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97102057A Pending CN1188678A (en) | 1997-01-23 | 1997-01-23 | Water sytsem extinguishant |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1188678A (en) |
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