JPS60142869A - Fire extinguishing composition - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a safe and quickly extinguishing water-based fire extinguishing agent composition.

In recent years, the number of tempura oil fires and kerosene stove fires in homes has increased dramatically.

Tempura oil is usually used at a temperature of 170-190°.
In C, there is no risk of ignition even if the pilot flame is brought close. However, when heated above the flash point of approximately 260°C, steam and decomposition gas from the tempura sashimi will come out from the surface, so it will easily ignite if a starter flame is brought close to it, and the
When the ignition point of 0°C is exceeded, steam and decomposition gas from the tempura oil will be generated in the wood, which will ignite and cause a fire even without a pilot flame. In addition, a kerosene heater can cause a fire if it is accidentally tipped over or if overflowing oil ignites when replenishing kerosene.

By the way, conventional extinguishing agents can be roughly divided into dregs-based extinguishers,
There are evaporable liquid type, powder type, water type, and foam type, and these are used appropriately depending on the characteristics of the fire target. However, the following methods can satisfactorily extinguish a fire, both when tempura oil is burning above its ignition point, and when there are obstacles to extinguishing the fire, such as a stove fire. It is not found in conventional extinguishing agents.

In other words, in the case of a tempura oil fire where tempura oil is burning at a temperature above its ignition point, extinguishing agents such as conventional carbon dioxide gas extinguishing agents, -bromide trifluoride methane, -bromide monochloride difluoride Evaporative liquid extinguishing agents such as methane and dibromotetrafluoroethane can extinguish tempura oil fires while they are being emitted, but
There is no cooling effect to lower the temperature of the tempura oil below its ignition point, and there is also no effect to suppress the release of flammable vapor from the tempura oil, so as soon as the emission of extinguishing agent is stopped, the fire ignites and cannot be extinguished.

In addition, powder-based fire extinguishers whose main ingredients are alkali bicarbonate or the reaction product of alkali bicarbonate and urea slightly saponify the tempura bend and form a thin film on the surface of the tempura bend. , due to this film = from tempura oil
JIt does not go far enough to suppress the release of flammable vapors, and like the above-mentioned scum-based extinguishing agents and evaporative liquid-based extinguishing agents, it does not have a cooling effect, so a considerable amount of powder is required to prevent re-ignition. necessary, and the amount normally filled in fire extinguishers used in homes is insufficient.

Furthermore, foam-based fire extinguishing agents such as protein foam fire extinguishing agents, synthetic interfacial foam fire extinguishing agents, and aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agents have excellent cooling effects on tempura oil and suppressing effects on flammable vapors. This is extremely dangerous as it can fan the flames when emitting bubbles, and even stir up one piece of tempura.

Compared to the above four types of extinguishing agents, a reinforced liquid extinguishing agent whose main agent is potassium carbonate, which is one of the representative examples of water-based extinguishing agents, has a saponification effect because the main agent potassium carbonate is more alkaline than alkali bicarbonate. This reinforced liquid fire extinguisher is considered to be relatively effective against tempura oil fires because it is somewhat strong and can suppress the release of flammable vapor to some extent, and also has a cooling effect on tempura oil. However, the flammable vapor suppression effect is still insufficient to completely prevent re-ignition, and the concentrated solution containing more than 30% by weight of potassium carbonate has a pH of 12.4 or more, which is highly alkaline and dangerous for human storage. It is difficult to say that it is completely satisfactory as a fire extinguishing agent because of the

On the other hand, in the case of a fire where there are obstacles to extinguishing, such as a kerosene stove fire, the above-mentioned evaporative number system extinguishing agent or foam-based extinguishing agent can be used to fight the fire even if there is an obstruction. They are effective because they can cover the area, but powder-based extinguishing agents and reinforced liquid extinguishing agents become unsightly when there are obstacles and cannot completely cover the area of fire, making it impossible to extinguish the fire.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is effective in extinguishing fires A (ordinary fire), fire B (oil fire), and fire C (electrical fire) stipulated in the Fire Service Act, as well as fires that have been occurring frequently in recent years. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a weakly alkaline fire extinguishing agent composition that can safely and quickly extinguish tempura oil fires and kerosene stove fires and sufficiently prevent their recurrence.

That is, the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention contains an alkali bicarbonate salt, a borate salt, and one or more surfactants as main ingredients, and when a fire occurs, it is released from a pressure vessel in the form of a spray or foam. It extinguishes fire by radiating it.

A solution prepared by dissolving alkaline bicarbonate alone in a solvent such as water is weakly alkaline, and as mentioned above, it slightly saponifies tempura oil and forms a thin film on the surface of tempura oil. It does not work to form strong and durable bubbles on the surface of the tempura oil that can completely suppress the release of 6F flammable vapors, and it also does not work to lower the ili + 1 degree of the tempura oil below the ignition point. Moreover, this single solution of alkali bicarbonate is not suitable for kerosene stove fires for the same reason as the above-mentioned reinforced liquid extinguishing agent. Furthermore, in the case of a single solution of borate, the function described in item 1 does not occur. Furthermore, although a fire extinguishing agent consisting of an alkali bicarbonate and a borate is effective against fires caused by tempura oil, it is still unsuitable for fires caused by kerosene stoves, as is the case with reinforced liquid fire extinguishing agents.

However, when alkali bicarbonate, borate, and one or more surfactants are mixed and dissolved in a solvent, even if the concentration of alkali bicarbonate is exhaled, a small amount is produced in the form of a spray. The amount of radiation is beyond the ignition point! -b? J1
Rapidly forms strong and durable foam on the surface of the tempura bent that is burning in i1, instantly extinguishing the tempura oil fire and suppressing the release of flammable vapor from the tempura spout.
After radiation, 111A' can not only sufficiently prevent fires, but also prevent kerosene stove fires by allowing the foam generated by the foaming action of the surfactant to cover spilled kerosene without being hindered by obstacles. Horsetail can extinguish fire satisfactorily.

This is the first finding of the present inventor after repeated research into 4σ [4σ], and it is believed that the most effective method for tempura oil fires is the combination of alkaline bicarbonate and the tempura bending effect. To be significantly promoted by acid salts,
Strong enough to completely prevent the release of flammable vapors, 1
It is presumed that long-lasting foam is formed rapidly, and that coexisting fields + Rj are effective against kerosene stove fires.
This is due to the characteristics of the bubbles generated by the foaming action of the activator, such as air-blocking action and expansion action.

As the alkali bicarbonate salt used in the final stage, for example, alkali carbonate salts such as potassium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate are suitable, and as borates, the general formula is 1°O. IL'-L, where M represents an alkali metal and m takes a value between 1 and 4], examples of which include water-soluble boric acids such as potassium borate, sodium borate, and potassium tetraborate. Salt is preferred. Further, as the surfactant, for example, N-acylsarcosine-1.
Non-fluorinated surfactants with normal mA foaming properties such as higher alcohol sulfate ester salts, N-acyl to N-methyl-β-alaninate, higher fatty acid ester salts, betaine type amphoteric surfactants, or perfluoroalkyl W such as sulfonate and barfluoroalkyl carbonate? A fluorine-based surfactant having foaming properties is preferred, and although these non-fluorine and non-fluorine surfactants can of course be used alone, it is preferable to use Kakegawa 1 in the opposite direction.

As shown in the examples below, these contents are approximately 6 to 15% by weight for alkali bicarbonate and approximately 2 to 10% by weight for borate.
It is desirable that the amount of surfactant be in the range of 0.3 to 5% by weight. If the alkali bicarbonate content is 6% by weight and the borate content is less than 2 tons 111%, there will be a shortage of alkali bicarbonate and the saponification effect of the borate will not be significant. , it becomes difficult to form sufficient nail foam on the surface of tempura oil, and conversely, when the alkali bicarbonate exceeds 15% and the borate exceeds 1%,
If it exceeds 0% by weight, there is a waste in the formation of an excessive amount of foam (because the alkalinity of the extinguishing agent itself will become somewhat stronger, which will cause a reaction). [If the amount of 41I'S agent is 0.3%, the amount of foaming will be insufficient and the extinguishing performance against kerosene stove fires will be insufficient; on the other hand, even if the amount exceeds 5%, the extinguishing performance will be This is because little will change and it will be wasted.

As mentioned above, the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention contains as main agents an alkali bicarbonate salt, a borate which acts to promote kenization, and one or more surfactants which act as a foaming agent. However, it is preferable to further ripen one thickener (one or more selected from Y4) consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polysaccharide, alkyl/acid acid. .If you add 1 of the required thickening 411, a layer of bubbles will appear on the surface of tempura oil,
This is because the foam that covers the kerosene is stronger and weighs less than 1g. In addition, the thickening agent is ], ,'
It is sufficient to add a very small amount of t(F, ti1%).

Furthermore, the extinguishing agent composition may be prepared by adding an antifreeze agent such as urea for the purpose of lowering the freezing point, or adding ammonium sulfate to the fire extinguishing agent composition to increase the ability to extinguish large fires as stipulated in the Fire Service Act. Alkali salts of organic acids such as citric acid, 1:1 acid, tartaric acid, and alkali halides for the purpose of increasing the extinguishing ability of B fires stipulated in the Fire Service Act. Adding salt is, of course, a "f fE".All of these additives are free from the risk of causing kenification or reducing fire extinguishing power, so they can be used freely depending on the purpose of each. The added stoichiometry can be determined.

Next, the fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention will be described with reference to examples of implementation.

(Examples 1 to 5) Five types of fire extinguishing agent compositions having the composition ratios shown in Table 1 below were
1a! ! ! 3. Put each composition into an aerosol type simple fire extinguisher.
A fire extinguishing test was conducted on fire extinguishing model 1 (tempura oil fire) and extinguishing model 2 (oil stove fire) in the following manner.

Fire extinguishing model 1 (tempura oil fire) 700 mA in a wok with a diameter of 30 cm and a depth of 7.5 cm
Add soybean oil (with an ignition point in the range of 360 to 370"C) and heat it on a gas stove to 400°C to burn the soybean oil. Extinguish the gas stove. Start emitting a fire extinguishing agent composition in the form of a spray from the fire extinguisher, and after extinguishing the fire, continue emitting it for another 5 seconds,
The presence or absence of reconsideration and the condition of the surface of tempura oil were observed.

Fire extinguishing model 2 (oil stove fire) rlj 70 cm 1 depth 4 o (,, 11 in the center of a 2 cm deep iron fire pan, ll] 4.0 cm, depth 20 cm
Place a 50cm high iron box and place a JISK in the fire pan.
Kerosene compatible with No. 2203.1! 100 ml of normal hemobutane was added and ignited, and after burning for 1 minute, the fire was extinguished by emitting a fire extinguishing agent composition from a fire extinguisher or an aerosol type 1iT fire extinguisher, and the presence or absence of rekindling within 1 minute was examined. .

The results of the above fire extinguishing test are shown below for fire extinguishing model l.
The fire extinguishing model 2 is shown in Table 2, and the fire extinguishing model 2 is shown in Table 3 below.

(Comparative Examples 1 and 2) For two types of fire extinguishing agent compositions having the composition ratios shown in Table 1 below, fire extinguishing tests were conducted using fire extinguishing models 1 and 2 in the same manner as in the above example. The results are also shown in Tables 2 and 3 below.

As is clear from the results in Table 1 and above, conventional reinforced liquid extinguishing agents (
Comparative Example 1) and a fire extinguishing agent based on potassium bicarbonate and borate (Comparative Example 2) are effective only against tempura oil fires, whereas the extinguishing agent composition of the present invention is effective against tempura oil fires and petroleum oil fires. It can be seen that it has an excellent fire extinguishing ability that can easily extinguish stove fires with a safety +-t less fil, and a tQTm fire prevention ability.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A fire extinguishing composition characterized by containing an alkali bicarbonate, a borate, and one or more surfactants as main ingredients. (2) The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, further comprising one or more thickeners selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polysaccharides, and alginates.