CN102029040A - Complex additive used for extinguishment with water mist - Google Patents
Complex additive used for extinguishment with water mist Download PDFInfo
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- CN102029040A CN102029040A CN2010105628273A CN201010562827A CN102029040A CN 102029040 A CN102029040 A CN 102029040A CN 2010105628273 A CN2010105628273 A CN 2010105628273A CN 201010562827 A CN201010562827 A CN 201010562827A CN 102029040 A CN102029040 A CN 102029040A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a compound additive used for extinguishment with water mist, which comprises three kinds of different materials of alkali metal salts, surfactant and diluent according to different action mechanisms of the additive, wherein the alkali metal salts are at least two or a mixture of more of potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium lactate and sodium iodide and account for 1-3 percent of the total mass percent of the additive solution; the surfactant is one or a mixture of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and cocoanut fatty acid diethanolamide and accounts for 0.5-1 percent of the total mass percent of the additive solution; and the diluent is one or a mixture of urea and ammonium bicarbonate and accounts for 0.5-1 percent of the additive solution. The compound additive has simple preparation process, can be rapidly dissolved without adding an organic solvent, has high extinguishment efficiency and no corrosion on extinguishment site equipment, and can be widely applied to water mist extinguishment systems in various occasions and extinguishment occasions.
Description
Technical field
A kind of compound additive that is used for fine mist fire-fighting of the present invention, relate to a kind of fire-fighting fine spray extinguishment additive agent, can be widely used in all kinds of fixed, the portable fine water mist fire-extinguishing systems, can add in naval vessel or submarine inner high voltage single-phase flow or the two phase flow fine water mist fire-extinguishing system simultaneously, improve fire-fighting efficiency.
Background technology
Thin water smoke mainly relies on the physical action fire extinguishing, and in order further to improve the fire-fighting efficiency of thin water smoke, containing the thin water smoke of additive becomes in recent years a new focus of research both at home and abroad.In thin water smoke, introduce extra physics, inhibition mechanism, promptly optionally in water, add a kind of (or several) organic (or inorganic) compound, to change the physicochemical properties of thin water smoke, improve the fire extinguishing effectiveness of thin water smoke, in the hope of reaching better effect, Here it is the present so-called thin water smoke of additive that contains.Difference according to extinguishing mechanism, additive can be divided into two classes, and a class is the physical action additive, mainly is the physical propertys such as density, viscosity, surface tension by changing water, thereby reach the atomization characteristics, the fire-fighting efficiency that improve water, and then improve the purpose of fine mist fire-fighting ability.Second class is the chemical action additive, mainly by free radicals such as the hydrogen in the seizure combustion process, oxygen, hydroxyls, makes the combustion reaction chain interruption and chemical reaction takes place in the scene of a fire to generate asphyxiant gas, finally reaches the purpose of fire extinguishing.The adding of extinguishment additive agent can be given full play to the physics fire extinguishing advantage of thin water smoke, has realized the collaborative fire extinguishing with additive again, thereby can shorten attack time greatly.Generally speaking, be that the inhibition additive fire extinguishing effect of main component is the most obvious with metallic compound and excessive metallic compound, its extinguishing ability is approximately than breathing out dragon 1301 (CF
3Br) high one to two order of magnitude.Data shows, the extinguishing mechanism of fine spray extinguishment additive agent is the complicated coupling of inhibition effect and physics fire extinguishing effect, the fine mist fire-fighting effect that contains additive improves significantly, both at home and abroad Fire Science circle now will contain the fresh content of the thin water smoke of additive as fire-fighting technique research, but the fine water mist fire-extinguishing system that contains additive is still among exploitation is explored.
At present, the thin water smoke additive of having studied both at home and abroad mainly comprises: alkali metal compound (as sodium lactate, sodium chloride, potassium hydroxide, alkali carbonate etc.), iron content organic matter and salt are (as iron pentacarbonyl [Fe (CO)
5], ferrocene [Fe (C
5H
5)
2], iron chloride etc.), other transition metal (as chromium, cobalt, lead, manganese, tin) compound, ammonium salt (as ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate etc.), surfactant (as fluorocarbon surfactant, neopelex etc.), binding agent (as polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide) etc.Wherein, metallic element mainly interrupts combustion reaction by free radicals such as the hydrogen in the seizure combustion chain reaction process, oxygen, hydroxyls, and this class material has very strong inhibition effect; Ammonium salt, heavy carbonate can decomposes discharge neither flammable also not combustion-supporting gas in the high temperature scene of a fire, the concentration of dilution fuel ambient oxygen is strengthened thin water smoke smothering action; Surfactant can reduce the surface tension of water significantly, improve atomizing effect, and can form a skim on the comburant surface, reduce the heat feedback of flame on the one hand to fuel surface, directly stop the volatilization of fuel gas on the other hand, fuel and oxygen are kept apart, play the effect that starvation suppresses burning; Binding agent mainly increases the momentum of thin water smoke droplet by the viscosity that increases water, thereby improves the ability that it penetrates high-temperature flue gas.
Alkali metal salt is to study more additive kind at present, and the extinguishing property of single additive is followed successively by sodium iodide, sodium phosphate, sodium lactate, sodium carbonate, potash from weak to strong.The specific activity sodium element that this shows potassium element is strong.Dynamics research shows, the speed that the speed that K combines with OH combines with OH than Na is fast 30%, K and O
2In conjunction with speed than Na and O
2In conjunction with the fast 2-3 of speed doubly.There is research to point out that alkali-metal extinguishing ability increases with the increase of atomic weight.Urea and carbonic hydroammonium at high temperature decomposes can discharge non-combustible gas such as ammonia and carbon dioxide, thereby reach the purpose of dilution oxygen and combustion gas.In addition, change the life span of water smoke in the scene of a fire, to catch free radical etc. all be potential extinguishing mechanism thereby drying particulate and free radical collide.Ferrocene is a kind of extinguishment additive agent efficiently, just has good extinguishing property when hundreds of ppm, and 0.01% ferrocene extinguishment time is suitable with 1.5% alkali metal salt.Though ferrocene has good fire extinguishing effect, because it belongs to the indissoluble material, need to add a large amount of organic solvent dissolutions, then also to filter, when therefore it runs business into particular one the water smoke additive in selection, should many-sided balance.
Compound additive is meant different types of thin water smoke additive by the formulated thin water smoke additive of variable concentrations.But its fire-fighting efficiency is not the simple superposition of various additives fire-fighting efficiency, with between the kind different additive, all exist interaction between the variety classes additive.This interaction both can be invigoration effect, also can be competitive relation, and the research of compound additive extinguishing mechanism aspect is not arranged at present as yet.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of compound additive that is used for fine mist fire-fighting, to overcome the not high defective that exists the scene of a fire to pollute simultaneously of fire-fighting efficiency that prior art exists.
A kind of compound additive that is used for fine mist fire-fighting of the present invention is characterised in that its prescription is the difference according to the additive mechanism of action, is made up of alkaline metal salt, surfactant, material that diluent three classes are different;
Described alkali metal salt is: the gross mass mark that at least two kinds or the mixture of multiple alkali metal salt in potash, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium lactate, the sodium iodide, alkali metal salt account for additive solution is 1%～3%;
Described surfactant is a kind of or this both mixture in neopelex, the coconut oil diethanol amide, and the gross mass mark of surfactant comprise additive solution is 0.5%～1%;
Described diluent is a kind of or this both mixture in urea, the carbonic hydroammonium, and the gross mass mark that diluent accounts for additive solution is 0.5%～1%.
Wherein, it is various that the ionic type of alkaline metal salt additive should be made every effort to, and diluent should be selected lower and the material that can long term storage of decomposition temperature for use.
This compound extinguishment additive agent mass concentration is low, can bring into play maximum effect between the different additive of each extinguishing mechanism, and fire-fighting efficiency can reach 4 times that adopt pure fine mist fire-fighting efficient.The preparation of this compound additive is simple, is easy to dissolving, and equipment is not had corrosion, can be applicable to fixedly in the fine water mist fire-extinguishing system and portable fire extinguishing system.
Single additive fire extinguishing measure of merit
The present invention at first adopts different types of alkali metal salt and diluent, tests the fire-fighting efficiency of single additive.Following table has been listed single additive when 1.5% mass concentration, goes out under 4MPa pressure the required time of 0.44MW heptane fire.
| Additive | Mass concentration | Attack time |
| Sodium carbonate | 1.5％ | 21.0(s) |
| Sodium lactate | 1.5％ | 22.7(s) |
| Sodium phosphate | 1.5％ | 27.3(s) |
| Sodium iodide | 1.5％ | 27.3(s) |
| Potash | 1.5％ | 19.3(s) |
| Urea | 1.5％ | 43.7(s) |
| Carbonic hydroammonium | 1.5％ | 48.3(s) |
| Pure water | -- | 57.7(s) |
By to normal heptane fire extinguishing experiment, illustrate in the alkali metal salt that the fire extinguishing effect was best when potash and sodium carbonate were used as additive.Diluent is done the time spent separately, and the fire extinguishing effect improves little.
The test of alkali metal salt compound action
| Additive | Mass concentration | Attack time |
| Sodium carbonate+potash | 0.75％+0.75％ | 16.3(s) |
| Potash+sodium phosphate | 0.75％+0.75％ | 15.7(s) |
In the single additive fire extinguishing experiment, the potash extinguishing property is the strongest, and the extinguishing property of sodium phosphate is the most weak.But after combination, alkali metal gross mass mark still is 1.5%, but the attack time of compound action is smaller than the attack time that arbitrary component is done the time spent separately.The extinguishing property of sodium carbonate is better than sodium phosphate, but the extinguishing property after potash and the sodium carbonate combination is not as the combination of potash and sodium phosphate.Therefore, all there is a saturated concentration in zwitterion in the scene of a fire, and concentration is low more, and its efficient that plays a role is big more.Therefore, in the process for preparation of additive, it is various that the ionic type of alkali metal salt should be made every effort to.
Alkali metal salt+diluent fire extinguishing measure of merit
Adopt the alkali metal salt and the diluent of variable concentrations, test compound effect and variable concentrations are to the influence of fire extinguishing effect.Following table has been listed the influence to the fire extinguishing effect of different diluents and sodium carbonate alkali metal salt.
| Additive | Mass concentration | Attack time |
| Sodium carbonate+urea | 1.5％+1.5％ | 21.7(s) |
| Sodium carbonate+carbonic hydroammonium | 1.5％+1.5％ | 17.3(s) |
From the test result of different diluents and sodium carbonate compound action as can be seen, when diluent and alkali metal salt acting in conjunction, when diluent adopts urea, it is suitable that attack time and alkali metal salt are done the time spent separately, the fire extinguishing effect of urea is buried in oblivion by alkali metal salt, and when still adopting carbonic hydroammonium, extinguishing property is significantly improved, the carbonic hydroammonium decomposition temperature is lower, has an effect prior to alkali metal salt and flame.Therefore when selecting diluent, should select the lower material of decomposition temperature.
It is 1.5% o'clock that following table has been listed the carbonic hydroammonium mass concentration, and different quality concentration alkali metal salt is to the influence of fire extinguishing effect.
| Additive | Mass concentration | Attack time |
| Potash+sodium carbonate+carbonic hydroammonium | 1.5％+1.5％+1.5％ | 15(s) |
| Potash+sodium carbonate+carbonic hydroammonium | 0.75％+0.75％+1.5％ | 15(s) |
| Potash+sodium carbonate+carbonic hydroammonium | 0.5％+0.5％+1.5％ | 17(s) |
Under the condition of carbonic hydroammonium concentration fixed, alkali metal salt is 1.5% suitable with 3% o'clock fire extinguishing effect in total concentration, and total concentration is 1% o'clock, and attack time slightly increases.Alkali metal salt is to be tending towards saturated at 1.5% o'clock in total concentration.Under the identical condition of mass concentration, the attack time of alkali metal salt compound action is smaller than the attack time that arbitrary component is done the time spent separately.All there is a saturated concentration in zwitterion in the scene of a fire simultaneously, and concentration is low more, and its efficient that plays a role is big more.So in the process for preparation of additive, it is various that the ionic type of alkali metal salt should be made every effort to.
Compare with existing fine spray extinguishment additive agent, the present invention has carried out integrating improvement to existing several additives, learns from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses, and has invented the prescription that has existing additive overwhelming majority advantages and overcome its defective substantially.Additive component of the present invention mainly comprises following a few class: the one, can effectively increase the material of thin water smoke inhibition effect, and this class material comprises the heat-sensitive substance of decomposes and can interrupt the chemical substance of combustion chain reaction, as alkaline metal salt etc.; The 2nd, surfactant mainly is the heat radiation that improves the oxygen barrier effect of thin water smoke and reduce flame, reduces the surface tension of thin water smoke simultaneously, improves atomizing effect; The 3rd, diluent, this class material decomposes in the high temperature scene of a fire can discharge neither combustion-supporting also non-flammable gas, can effectively reduce fuel oxygen concentration on every side, plays smothering action.Owing to contain metal ion in the first kind additive, therefore have the advantage that the inorganic salts additive can effectively improve fine mist fire-fighting efficient; Surfactant in the second class additive, not only can make thin water smoke form water membrane starvation and radiation at burning surface, can effectively improve simultaneously the surface tension of fine mist fire-fighting medium, and then improve the flow behavior of thin water smoke, increase the wettability of water, prolong the action time of water incendiary material; The 3rd class diluent can discharge asphyxiant gas, can effectively reduce the fire reaction rate, and fire scene temperature is reduced to below the critical dissolved oxygen concentration, and this is significant to fine mist fire-fighting.
Advantage of the present invention and effect are as follows:
Fine spray extinguishment additive agent of the present invention mainly utilizes surfactant and diluent to realize the purpose of oxygen barrier and thermal insulation, and the basic non-foam of fire extinguishing procedure produces, so pollution-free to the scene of fire.
Contain surfactant, diluent and multiple slaine in the fine spray extinguishment additive agent of the present invention, the efficient chemical extinguishing mechanism that not only has metal ion, and surfactant and diluent can cool off, intercept flame thermal radiation, starvation and reduction fuel gas to gas phase and four kinds of extinguishing mechanisms of air melting concn have very strong booster action.
The basic principle of fine spray extinguishment additive agent preparation of the present invention is the fire extinguishing effect that can reach best under Cmin.The vapour pressure of alkali metal salt in the scene of a fire is very low, and be just saturated substantially after concentration of aqueous solution acquires a certain degree, and its mass fraction in thin water smoke generally is no more than 5%.The present invention adopts multiple alkali metal salt, its gross mass mark is 1%～3%, under this concentration, avoided zwitterion in the scene of a fire, to have the problem of saturated concentration, avoided the competition effect between each additive under the cognate interaction mechanism simultaneously, made metal ion can bring into play maximum fire extinguishing effect.
Surfactant adopts neopelex or coconut oil diethanol amide in the fine spray extinguishment additive agent of the present invention, but its concentration is unsuitable excessive, generally be no more than 1%, make fine spray extinguishment additive agent viscosity keep proper states, thin water smoke is fully atomized, give full play to the advantage of fine mist fire-fighting, can bring into play the advantage of surfactant additive simultaneously again.
The specific embodiment
Diluent is selected the low material of decomposition temperature for use, and present embodiment is selected carbonic hydroammonium for use, and its concentration is 0.75%; Surfactant is selected neopelex or coconut oil diethanol amide for use, considers the viscosity of surfactant self, and its concentration can not surpass 1%, and selected its concentration of present embodiment is 0.5%; Alkali metal salt is owing to exist saturated concentration and the problem of vying each other, so its kind should make every effort to various, and its total concentration scope is 1%～3%, and present embodiment is selected two kinds of alkali metal salts for use, and its concentration all is respectively 0.75%, and the total concentration of alkali metal salt is 1.5%.
Embodiment 1:
Thin water smoke additive and concentration thereof see the following form.
Additive is slowly being joined in the pure water under the stirring condition, stirring until dissolving fully.Inject a solution into after the filtration in the high pressure water bottle, high pressure water bottle entrance point links to each other with the high-pressure nitrogen bottle group, and the port of export is connected with fine mist spray head.Select the 0.44MW food tray for use, ceiling height is set to 3m, adopts 1.8L/min (4Mpa) low discharge nozzle ejection to contain the thin water smoke of additive and implements fire extinguishing.
The attack time of embodiment 1 sees Table middle attack time one hurdle.Adopt the additive of this formulated to put out a fire, its attack time is 14 seconds, its fire-fighting efficiency 4 times of fire-fighting efficiency when adopting pure water.
Embodiment 2:
Thin water smoke additive and concentration thereof see the following form.
Its compound method is with embodiment 1.Embodiment is with embodiment 1.
Present embodiment additive attack time sees Table middle attack time one hurdle.
Embodiment 3:
Thin water smoke additive and concentration thereof see the following form.
Its compound method is with embodiment 1.Embodiment is with embodiment 1.
Present embodiment additive attack time sees Table middle attack time one hurdle.
Embodiment 4:
Thin water smoke additive and concentration thereof see the following form.
Its compound method is with embodiment 1.Embodiment is with embodiment 1.
Present embodiment additive attack time sees Table middle attack time one hurdle.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
From embodiment result as can be seen, when adopting the thin water smoke additive of formulated of the present invention, its fire-fighting efficiency is for adopting 3～4 times of pure fine mist fire-fighting efficient.When surfactant adopted neopelex, the fire extinguishing effect was better than coconut oil diethanol amide.The fine mist fire-fighting effect was best when compound additive adopted 0.5% neopelex, 0.75% potash, 0.75% sodium carbonate and 0.75% carbonic hydroammonium, and its fire-fighting efficiency is 4 times of simple fire-fighting efficiency when adopting thin water smoke.
This fine spray extinguishment additive agent both may be used on may be used on again in the two phase flow fire extinguishing system in the high pressure single-phase flow fire extinguishing system, can add in the hand fire extinguisher simultaneously.Open thin water smoke device fire extinguishing, can produce small amount of foam after this additive ejection, but pollution-free substantially to environment and equipment.On the naval vessel and the submarine planted agent time spent, stable in properties, fire extinguishing can be used as the substitute of halon fire agent rapidly.
Claims (1)
1. compound additive that is used for fine mist fire-fighting, be characterised in that: its prescription is the difference according to the additive mechanism of action, is made up of alkaline metal salt, surfactant, material that diluent three classes are different;
Described alkali metal salt is: the gross mass mark that at least two kinds or the mixture of multiple alkali metal salt in potash, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium lactate, the sodium iodide, alkali metal salt account for additive solution is 1%～3%;
Described surfactant is a kind of or this both mixture in neopelex, the coconut oil diethanol amide, and the gross mass mark of surfactant comprise additive solution is 0.5%～1%;
Described diluent is a kind of or this both mixture in urea, the carbonic hydroammonium, and the gross mass mark that diluent accounts for additive solution is 0.5%～1%.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102657924A (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2012-09-12 | 中国科学技术大学苏州研究院 | Novel water mist additive and its preparation method |
| GB2497820A (en) * | 2012-02-23 | 2013-06-26 | Wcm Products Ltd | Fire extinguishing composition and delivery apparatus |
| CN103602339A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-26 | 华电电力科学研究院 | High polymer-based stopping agent for inhibiting spontaneous combustion of brown coal dump and preparation method of high polymer-based stopping agent |
| CN104888397A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-09-09 | 国家电网公司 | Fine water mist additive and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104922848A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-09-23 | 国家电网公司 | Composite additive for water mist fire suppression and preparation method and application method thereof |
| CN105126290A (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2015-12-09 | 深圳市衡兴安全检测技术有限公司 | Fluoride-free additive easy to degrade and preparing method and application thereof |
| CN106563246A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-04-19 | 公安部天津消防研究所 | Hydrocarbon explosion inhibitor with water mist as carrier |
| CN106835328A (en) * | 2017-02-26 | 2017-06-13 | 浙江峰赫纺织有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of flame-retardant anti-bacterial fiber precursor |
| CN110354439A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-10-22 | 厦门一泰消防科技开发有限公司 | High molecular phase change heat absorption extinguishing chemical and preparation method thereof |
| CN110624201A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-31 | 应急管理部天津消防研究所 | Water-based fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing cotton stacking deep fire |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104922848A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-09-23 | 国家电网公司 | Composite additive for water mist fire suppression and preparation method and application method thereof |
| CN105126290A (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2015-12-09 | 深圳市衡兴安全检测技术有限公司 | Fluoride-free additive easy to degrade and preparing method and application thereof |
| CN106563246A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-04-19 | 公安部天津消防研究所 | Hydrocarbon explosion inhibitor with water mist as carrier |
| CN106563246B (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2019-08-09 | 公安部天津消防研究所 | It is a kind of using water mist as the hydro carbons ignition inhibitor of carrier |
| CN106835328A (en) * | 2017-02-26 | 2017-06-13 | 浙江峰赫纺织有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of flame-retardant anti-bacterial fiber precursor |
| CN106835328B (en) * | 2017-02-26 | 2019-03-05 | 浙江峰赫纺织有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of flame-retardant anti-bacterial fiber precursor |
| CN110354439A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-10-22 | 厦门一泰消防科技开发有限公司 | High molecular phase change heat absorption extinguishing chemical and preparation method thereof |
| CN110624201A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-31 | 应急管理部天津消防研究所 | Water-based fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing cotton stacking deep fire |
| CN110624201B (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-03-23 | 应急管理部天津消防研究所 | Water-based fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing cotton stacking deep fire |
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Application publication date: 20110427 |