CN118541348A - 4-取代-苯基乙酰胺和芳基脲作为孤儿受体gpr88的激动剂 - Google Patents
4-取代-苯基乙酰胺和芳基脲作为孤儿受体gpr88的激动剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118541348A CN118541348A CN202380017152.XA CN202380017152A CN118541348A CN 118541348 A CN118541348 A CN 118541348A CN 202380017152 A CN202380017152 A CN 202380017152A CN 118541348 A CN118541348 A CN 118541348A
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Abstract
本公开提供了充当针对GPR88激动剂的新型4‑取代‑苯基乙酰胺和芳基脲衍生物。本公开的化合物被认为可用于治疗由涉及孤儿受体GPR88的生理过程引起的疾病和病症,包括不同的大脑和行为功能,诸如认知、情绪、运动控制和基于奖励的学习。GPR88正在成为用于中枢神经系统障碍(包括精神分裂症、帕金森病、焦虑症和成瘾)的新型药物靶点。GPR88激动剂有望治疗的一种特殊适应症是酒精使用障碍(AUD)。
Description
联邦政府资助的研究
本公开是在由NIH授予的R01AA026820下在政府支持下进行的。政府享有本公开的某些权利。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2022年1月25日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号63/302,835和于2022年10月26日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号63/419,470的优先权,这两个申请通过引用以其整体并入本文。
技术领域
本公开提供了充当针对GPR88的激动剂的新型4-取代-苯基乙酰胺衍生物。本公开的化合物被认为可用于治疗由涉及孤儿受体GPR88的生理过程引起的疾病和病症,包括不同的大脑和行为功能,诸如认知、情绪、运动控制和基于奖励的学习。GPR88正在成为用于中枢神经系统障碍(包括精神分裂症、帕金森病、焦虑症、成瘾和注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADD/ADHD))的新型药物靶点。GPR88激动剂有望治疗的一种特殊适应症是酒精使用障碍(AUD)。
背景技术
酒精中毒是一种异质性的慢性复发性障碍,并且会造成巨大的情感、社会和经济成本。参见,例如,Rehm等人,Global burden of disease and injury and economic costattributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders.Lancet 2009,373,2223-2233和Thavorncharoensap等人,The economic impact of alcohol consumption:asystematic review.Substance Abuse Treatment,Prevention,and Policy 2009,4,20,其每一篇关于此类背景教导的内容通过引用并入本文。在美国,酒精是第三大可预防的死亡原因,并且2010年酒精中毒的成本达到2490亿美元(CDC)。在神经生物学层面上,酒精会激活大脑中的多个主要和次要分子靶点,并引发基因表达和突触可塑性的广泛变化。参见,例如,Costardi等人,A review on alcohol:from the central action mechanism tochemical dependency.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira 2015,61,381-387,其关于此类背景教导的内容通过引用并入本文。首先,酒精与GABAA和NMDA离子通道受体相互作用,介导γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和谷氨酸神经传递。酒精增强GABA作用并拮抗谷氨酸作用,因此可以起到中枢神经系统(CNS)抑制剂的作用。另外,基底前脑中的多巴胺和阿片肽系统两者均与酒精奖励有关。因此,竞争性阿片类拮抗剂纳曲酮和功能性谷氨酸拮抗剂阿坎酸为酒精成瘾和依赖的药物治疗提供了概念证明。参见,例如,Bouza等人,Efficacy andsafety of naltrexone and acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence:asystematic review.Addiction 2004,99,811-828,其关于此类背景教导的内容通过引用并入本文。然而,这两种药物都面临着重大挑战,包括缺乏依从性、疗效低和严重的副作用。另外,酒精依赖个体代表一个异质性群体,并且单一药物治疗不太可能对所有酒精患者都有效。因此,需要新型的治疗策略来成功治疗酒精中毒。
GPR88是一种与Gαi/o蛋白偶联的孤儿G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR),并且在整个背侧和腹侧区域的纹状体中型多棘神经元(MSN)中具有强烈表达。参见,例如,Mizushima等人,Anovel G-protein-coupled receptor gene expressed in striatum.Genomics 2000,69,314-321、Van Waes等人,GPR88-a putative signaling molecule predominantlyexpressed in the striatum:Cellular localization and developmentalregulation.Basal Ganglia 2011,1,83-89和Massart等人,Striatal GPR88 expressionis confined to the whole projection neuron population and is regulated bydopaminergic and glutamatergic afferents.European Journal of Neuroscience2009,30,397-414,其每一篇关于此类背景教导的内容通过引用并入本文。这种分布与将GPR88与多种纹状体障碍(包括帕金森病、精神分裂症和药物成瘾)联系起来的转录谱研究一致。参见,例如,Ye等人,Orphan receptor GPR88 as an emerging neurotherapeutictarget.ACS Chemical Neuroscience 2019,10,190-200,其关于此类背景教导的内容通过引用并入本文。GPR88功能的更直接证据是从GPR88敲除(KO)研究中获得的,表明GPR88在调节奖励系统中涉及的纹状体功能中起重要作用。参见,例如,Logue等人,The orphan GPCR,GPR88,modulates function of the striatal dopamine system:a possibletherapeutic target for psychiatric disorders?Molecular and CellularNeuroscience2009,42,438-447和Quintana等人,Lack of GPR88 enhances medium spinyneuron activity and alters motor-and cue-dependent behaviors.NatureNeuroscience 2012,15,1547-1555,其每一篇关于此类背景教导的内容通过引用并入本文。与酒精成瘾直接相关的是,与野生型小鼠相比,GPR88 KO小鼠在适度和过度饮酒两种模式下均表现出增强的自愿饮酒。参见,例如,Ben Hamida等人,Increased alcohol seekingin mice lacking Gpr88 involves dysfunctional mesocorticolimbicnetworks.Biological Psychiatry 2018,84,202-212,其关于此类背景教导的内容通过引用并入本文。重要的是,在这些小鼠中没有观察到水摄入量、适口性和酒精代谢的变化。此外,缺乏GPR88基因的小鼠在使用操作性自我给药的情况下表现出增强的饮酒和寻求酒精行为的动机。与KO研究的结果一致,本发明人最近开发了一种有效的、高选择性和脑渗透性GPR88激动剂,称为RTI-13951-33,当腹膜内施用时,其以剂量依赖性方式显著减少酒精自我给药和酒精摄入,而对大鼠的运动活性和蔗糖自我给药没有影响。参见,例如,Jin等人,Discovery of a potent,selective,and brain-penetrant small molecule thatactivates the orphan receptor GPR88 and reduces alcohol intake.Journal ofMedicinal Chemistry 2018,61,6748-6758,其关于此类背景教导的内容通过引用并入本文。鉴于在减少酒精自我给药的剂量下缺乏对蔗糖自我给药的调节作用,这表明GPR88激动剂对酒精强化具有选择性作用。总的来说,基因修饰和药理学研究两者都支持使用GPR88激动剂作为治疗酒精成瘾和相关障碍的新型治疗工具。
为了理解GPR88受体用于治疗应用的药理学,开发显示有效和选择性GPR88激动作用的结构不同的化学型是非常重要的。在这方面,一种称为2-AMPP[(2S)-N-((1R)-2-氨基-1-(4-(2-甲基戊氧基)-苯基)乙基)-2-苯基丙酰胺(1)]的化合物及其羟基类似物2推动了相关药效团知识的发展:
参考WO 2011/044195A1、WO 2011/044225A1、US2011/0251196A1、US 2011/0245264A1和Dzierba等人,Design,synthesis,and evaluation of phenylglycinols andphenyl amines as agonists of GPR88.Bioorganic&Medicinal Chemistry Letters2015,25,1448-1452,其每一篇关于此类教导的内容通过引用并入。在用稳定的CHO-GPR88细胞进行的Lance时间分辨荧光共振能量转移(TR-FRET)cAMP测定中,化合物1和2对GPR88具有中等激动剂活性,EC50值分别为414nM和195nM。参见,例如,Jin等人,Design,synthesis,and pharmacological evaluation of 4-hydroxyphenylglycine and4-hydroxyphenylglycinol derivatives as GPR88 agonists.Bioorganic&MedicinalChemistry2017,25,805-812,其关于此类教导的内容通过引用并入本文。这些EC50值的效力略低于先前报道的EC50值,上文,这可能是由于两种不同测定系统的相对灵敏度所致。
本发明人探索了结构-活性关系并发现了2-AMPP支架的一系列新型反向酰胺和脲类似物,其对GPR88表现出良好至中等的激动剂活性。参见,例如,Jin等人,上文、Rahman等人,Design,synthesis,and structure-activity relationship studies of(4-alkoxyphenyl)glycinamides and bioisosteric 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as GPR88agonists.Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2020,63,14989-15012和Rahman等人,Evaluation of amide bioisosteres leading to 1,2,3-triazole containingcompounds as GPR88 agonists:Design,synthesis,and structure-activityrelationship studies.Journal of Medicinal Chemistry2021,64,12397-12413,其每一篇关于此类教导的内容通过引用并入。
本公开提供了充当针对GPR88激动剂的新型4-取代-苯基乙酰胺和芳基脲衍生物,这些化合物与已知化合物具有结构差异,提供了意想不到的益处,包括针对GPR88靶点的效力。
发明内容
本公开的化合物对孤儿受体GPR88提供有效的激动作用。因此,本公开的化合物提供用于治疗纹状体相关障碍诸如帕金森病、精神分裂症和酒精成瘾的治疗潜力。在发明人先前建立的体外GPR88 Lance TR-FRET cAMP测定中评估了所有化合物的GPR88激动剂活性。参见,上文,Jin等人,2018,Rahman等人,2020,以及Rahman等人,2021。如将要描述的,通过从标准cAMP曲线进行插值将TR-FRET信号转换为fmol cAMP。将Fmol cAMP相对于化合物浓度的对数作图,并将数据拟合到三参数逻辑曲线以生成最大反应(Emax)和EC50值。
本公开的一个实施例包括一种式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中
R1选自由以下项组成的组:氢、C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、C1-10烷氧基、C1-10卤代烷基、NH2、NHC1-10烷基、N(C1-10烷基)2、S(O)C1-10烷基、S(O)2C1-10烷基、NHSO2C1-10烷基、C3-6环烷基、5元至7元杂环、C6-10芳基和C5-10杂芳基;
A1为
a)可以含有一个N杂原子的6元芳香族环;或
b)可以含有一个或两个N杂原子的10元稠合芳香族环系;
X为CH或N;
R2为(CH2)n2R20;
n2为0、1、2或3;
R20选自由以下项组成的组:氢、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、OH、C1-6烷氧基、卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、NHC1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)2、N3、S(O)C1-6烷基、S(O)2C1-6烷基、NHSO2C1-6烷基、C(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)OC1-6烷基、NHC(O)C1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)C(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)NHC1-6烷基、C(O)N(C1-6烷基)2、CH(NH2)C1-6烷基、CH(N[C1-6烷基]2)C1-6烷基、CH(NH2)C1-6亚烷基-O-C1-6烷基、CH(N[C1-6烷基]2)C1-6亚烷基-O-C1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基、5元至7元杂环、C6-10芳基和C5-10杂芳基;
R4为(CH2)n4R40;
n4为0、1、2或3;
R40选自由以下项组成的组:氢、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、OH、C1-6烷氧基、卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、NHC1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)2、N3、S(O)C1-6烷基、S(O)2C1-6烷基、NHSO2C1-6烷基、C(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)OC1-6烷基、NHC(O)C1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)C(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)NHC1-6烷基、C(O)N(C1-6烷基)2、CH(NH2)C1-6烷基、CH(N[C1-6烷基]2)C1-6烷基、CH(NH2)C1-6亚烷基-O-C1-6烷基、CH(N[C1-6烷基]2)C1-6亚烷基-O-C1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基、5元至7元杂环、C6-10芳基和C5-10杂芳基;
L1为
a)二价C3环烷基;
b)[(CRL)2]m;或
c)键
m为0、1、2或3
每个RL独立地选自由以下项组成的组:氢、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、OH、C1-6烷氧基、卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、NHC1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)2、N3、S(O)C1-6烷基、S(O)2C1-6烷基、NHSO2C1-6烷基、C(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)OC1-6烷基、NHC(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)NHC1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基、5元至7元杂环、C6-10芳基和C5-10杂芳基;
A2为
a)含有一个、两个或三个选自O、N或S的杂原子的5元或6元杂芳基环;或
b)可以含有一个杂原子的6元芳香族环;
R3选自由以下项组成的组:氢、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C1-6烷氧基、卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、NHC1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)2、N3、S(O)C1-6烷基、S(O)2C1-6烷基、NHSO2C1-6烷基、C(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)OC1-6烷基、NHC(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)NHC1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基、5元至7元杂环、C6-10芳基和C5-10杂芳基,
其中
每个C3-6环烷基、5元至7元杂环、C6-10芳基和C5-10杂芳基是未取代的或经一个、两个或三个(CH2)0-3RS取代;
并且
每个RS选自由以下项组成的组:C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、OH、C1-6烷氧基、卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、NHC1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)2、N3、S(O)C1-6烷基、S(O)2C1-6烷基、NHSO2C1-6烷基、C(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)OC1-6烷基、NHC(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)NHC1-6烷基、未取代的C3-6环烷基、O-未取代的C3-6环烷基、未取代的5元至7元杂环、未取代的C6-10芳基和未取代的C5-10杂芳基。
在一个方面,R1为C1-10烷基、C2-10炔基、C1-10烷氧基或C6芳基,其任选地经C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C1-6烷氧基、(CH2)0-3C3-6环烷基或OC3-6环烷基取代。
在一个方面,R1为C1-10烷氧基或C6芳基,其任选地经C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C1-6烷氧基或(CH2)0-3C3-6环烷基取代。
在一个方面,A1为苯基。
在一个方面,X是CH。在一个方面,n2为1。在一个方面,R20为OH。
在一个方面,X为N。在一个方面,n2为1。在一个方面,R20为CH(NH2)C1-6烷基、CH(N[C1-6烷基]2)C1-6烷基、CH(NH2)C1-6亚烷基-O-C1-6烷基或CH(N[C1-6烷基]2)C1-6亚烷基-O-C1-6烷基。
在一个方面,R4为H或C1-6烷基。
在一个方面,其中L1为二价C3环烷基。
在一个方面,L1为[C(RL)2]m。
在一个方面,一个RL为H且一个RL为C1-6烷基。
在一个方面,A2为苯基。
在一个方面,R3为氢或C1-6烷基。
本公开的一个实施例包括一种化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其选自由以下项组成的组:
本公开的一个实施例包括一种化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其选自由以下项组成的组:
本公开的一个实施例包括一种治疗有此需要的患者的疾病或障碍的方法,其中G蛋白偶联受体的调节是有益的,该方法包括施用本公开的化合物。
本公开的一个实施例包括本公开的化合物在制造用于治疗疾病或障碍的药物中的用途,其中G蛋白偶联受体的调节对有此需要的患者是有益的。
本公开的一个实施例包括本公开的化合物,其在治疗其中G蛋白偶联受体的调节对有此需要的患者有益的疾病或障碍中使用。
在一个方面,该方法、用途或使用的化合物提供对神经障碍的治疗。在一个方面,该方法、用途或使用的化合物包括其中神经障碍选自精神病、精神分裂症中的认知缺陷、情感障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍、双相情感障碍、药物成瘾、酒精成瘾、食物成瘾、活动成瘾、帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病中的一种或多种。在一个方面,该方法、用途或使用的化合物提供对代谢性疾病的治疗。在一个方面,该方法、用途或使用的化合物包括其中代谢性疾病选自肥胖症和糖尿病中的一种或多种。在一个方面,该方法、用途或使用的化合物提供对酒精使用障碍的治疗。
在一个方面,本公开的化合物可以用作GPR88受体激动剂,并且可以表现出更大的效力并经历减少的副作用,从而导致改善的功效、药代动力学和安全性。这些化合物被认为可用于治疗由GPR88受体的激动作用引起的疾病和病症。
本公开的范围包括本文描述的方面、实施例和优选项的所有组合。
具体实施方式
以下定义意在澄清但不限于所定义的术语。如果本文中使用的特定术语没有明确定义,则此术语不应被视为不确定的。相反,术语在其可接受的含义范围内使用。
如本说明书通篇所用,优选的原子(诸如碳原子)数将由例如短语“Cx-y烷基”表示,其是指如本文所定义的含有指定数目的碳原子的烷基。类似的术语也将适用于其他优选术语和范围。因此,例如,C1-4烷基表示含有一至四个碳原子的直链或支链烃。
如本文所用,单独或与任何其他术语组合的术语“烷基”是指直链或支链烃。如本文所用的“烷基”的实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、异丁基、正丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基、异戊基、正戊基、正己基等。
如本文所用,术语“烯基”是指含有一个或多个碳-碳双键的直链或支链脂族烃,并且其可以任选地被取代,其中允许多个取代度。如本文所用,“烯基”的实例包括但不限于乙烯基和烯丙基。
如本文所用,术语“烷氧基”是指基团O-烷基。
如本文所用,术语“亚烷基”是指任选经取代的直链二价烃基。如本文所用,“亚烷基”的实例包括但不限于亚甲基、亚乙基、正亚丙基、正亚丁基等。
如本文所用,术语“炔基”是指含有一个或多个碳-碳三键的直链或支链脂肪族烃,其可任选地被取代,其中允许多个取代度。如本文所用,“炔基”的实例包括但不限于乙炔基。
如本文所用,术语“芳基”是指单个苯环、稠合的、桥接的或螺环苯环系,其可以任选地被取代,其中允许多个取代度。如所用,“芳基”基团的实例包括但不限于苯基、2-萘基、1-萘基、蒽和菲。优选的芳基环具有五元至十元。
如本文所用,术语“芳基”内涵盖的稠合苯环系统包括稠合多环烃,即其中具有小于最大数量的非累积双键的环状烃,例如其中饱和烃环(环烷基,诸如环戊基环)与芳香族环(芳基,诸如苯环)稠合以形成例如基团,诸如茚满基和苊烯基(acenaphthalenyl),并且还包括作为非限制性实例的基团,诸如二氢萘和四氢萘。
如本文所用,术语“环烷基”是指完全饱和的任选地经取代的单环、双环、桥接或螺环烃环,其中允许多个取代度。如本文所用,例示性“环烷基”基团包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基和环庚基。
如本文所用,术语“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴或碘。
如本文所用,术语“卤代烷基”是指如本文所定义的经至少一个卤素取代的烷基基团。如本文所用,支链或直链“卤代烷基”基团的实例包括但不限于独立地经一个或多个卤素(例如氟、氯、溴和碘)取代的甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基和叔丁基。术语“卤代烷基”应解释为包括诸如全氟烷基基团的取代基,诸如CF3。
如本文所用,术语“杂芳基”是指单环五元至七元芳香族环,或是指包含两个或更多个此类环的稠合、桥接或螺环芳香族环系,其可以任选地被取代,其中允许多个取代度。优选地,此类环含有五元至十元。这些杂芳基环含有一个或多个氮、硫和/或氧原子,其中N-氧化物、氧化硫和二氧化物是容许的杂原子取代基。如本文所用,“杂芳基”基团的实例包括但不限于呋喃、噻吩、吡咯、咪唑、吡唑、三唑、四唑、噻唑、恶唑、异恶唑、恶二唑、噻二唑、异噻唑、吡啶、哒嗪、吡嗪、嘧啶、喹啉、异喹啉、苯并呋喃、苯并恶唑、苯并噻吩、吲哚、吲唑、苯并咪唑、咪唑并吡啶、吡唑并吡啶和吡唑并嘧啶。
如本文所用,术语“杂环”和“杂环基”是指完全饱和的任选地经取代的单环、双环、桥接或螺环烃环,其中允许多个取代度,其含有一个或多个选自氮、硫和/或氧原子的杂原子,其中N-氧化物、硫氧化物和二氧化物是允许的。如本文所用的示例性“杂环基”基团包括但不限于氮杂环丁烷、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、六氢吖庚因和吗啉基。
通常但非绝对地,本公开的盐是药学上可接受的盐。术语“药学上可接受的盐”内涵盖的盐是指本公开的化合物的无毒盐。本公开的化合物的盐可以包括酸加成盐。代表性的盐包括乙酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、碳酸氢盐、硫酸氢盐、酒石酸氢盐、硼酸盐、依地酸钙、樟脑磺酸盐、碳酸盐、克拉维酸盐、柠檬酸盐、二盐酸盐、乙二磺酸盐、依托酸盐、乙磺酸盐、富马酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、谷氨酸盐、乙醇酰基氨基苯胂酸盐(glycollylarsanilate)、己基间苯二酚酸盐、海巴明(hydrabamine)、氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、羟基萘甲酸盐、碘化物、羟乙磺酸盐、乳酸盐、乳糖酸盐、月桂酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、硫酸甲酯、马来酸单钾、粘酸盐、萘磺酸盐、硝酸盐、N-甲基葡糖胺、草酸盐、双羟萘酸盐(思波酸盐)、棕榈酸盐、泛酸盐、磷酸盐/二磷酸盐、聚半乳糖醛酸盐、水杨酸钾、硬脂酸钠、次乙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、丹宁酸盐、酒石酸盐、茶氯酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、三乙碘化物、三甲基铵和戊酸盐。药学上不可接受的其他盐可用于制备本公开的化合物,并且这些盐应被视为形成本公开的另一方面。
式(I)化合物可以以多于一种的形式结晶,这种特征被称为多晶型现象,并且此类多晶型形式(“多晶型物”)在式(I)的范围内。多晶型现象通常可以作为对温度、压力或这两者的变化的反应而发生。多晶型现象也可能由结晶过程中的变化引起。多晶型物可以通过本领域已知的各种物理特征来区分,这些物理特征诸如X射线衍射图、溶解度和熔点。
如本文所用,术语“有效量”意指例如研究人员或临床医生正在寻求的将引发组织、系统、动物或人的生物或医学应答的药物或药剂的量。术语“治疗有效量”意指如下任何量,与未接受该任何量的相应受试者相比,该任何量引起对疾病、病症或副作用的改进的治疗、治愈、预防或改善,或引起疾病或病症的进展速度降低。该术语在其范围内还包括可有效增强正常生理功能的量。
为了在疗法中使用,治疗有效量的式(I)化合物以及其盐或溶剂化物可以作为化学原料施用。另外,活性成分可以以药物组合物存在。
因此,本公开进一步提供药物组合物,其包括有效量的一种或多种式(I)化合物或者其盐或溶剂化物,以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。式(I)化合物或者其盐或溶剂化物如本文所述。在与调配物的其它成分相容并且对药物组合物的接受者无害的意义上,载体、稀释剂或赋形剂必须是可接受的。
GPR88是一种富含纹状体的孤儿G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR),其表达随啮齿动物、猴子和人大脑的发育而变化。人的基因关联研究发现,GPR88功能与几种精神、神经发育或神经退行性障碍(包括精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、言语迟缓和舞蹈症)之间存在联系。在啮齿动物中,发现Gpr88基因的转录水平在暴露于各种精神活性药物(诸如情绪稳定剂、抗抑郁药、甲基苯丙胺、左旋多巴和滥用药物)后发生改变。GPR88是开发用于CNS病理的创新治疗的一个有前景的靶点。在小鼠中,Gpr88基因的缺失主要改变纹状体生理学、以纹状体为中心的大脑网络和纹状体依赖性行为,在运动协调和技能学习、多动、刻板印象和改变的奖励驱动行为方面存在明显的严重缺陷。然而,根据纹状体外GPR88表达以及Gpr88无效(Gpr88-/-)小鼠中的大脑连接性、基因表达和行为反应的广泛改变,GPR88功能超出了纹状体介导的反应。因此,GPR88对大脑生理学具有重大影响,并控制着大量的行为。
本公开的化合物被认为可用于治疗精神、神经发育或神经退行性障碍。GPR88调节影响各种大脑和行为功能的调节,包括认知、情绪、运动控制、基于线索的奖励学习和基底神经节相关障碍。本公开的化合物被认为可用于治疗CNS障碍,包括精神分裂症、帕金森病、焦虑症和成瘾。特别地,本公开的化合物被认为可用于治疗酒精使用障碍(AUD)。
本公开的化合物可用于其中调节G蛋白偶联受体是有益的任何疾病或障碍。在一个实施例中,本公开的化合物可用于治疗神经障碍。在一个方面,神经障碍选自精神病、精神分裂症中的认知缺陷、情感障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍、双相情感障碍、药物成瘾、酒精成瘾、食物成瘾、活动成瘾、帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病中的一种或多种。在另一实施例中,本发明的化合物可以用于治疗代谢性疾病。在一个方面,代谢性疾病选自肥胖症和糖尿病中的一种或多种。
本公开的化合物的治疗有效量将取决于许多因素。例如,接受者的物种、年龄和体重,需要治疗的确切病症和其严重程度,调配物的性质以及施用途径全部都是待考虑的因素。治疗有效量最终应由主治医师或兽医决定。无论如何,用于治疗患有虚弱的人的式(I)化合物的有效量通常应在每天0.1至100mg/kg接受者(哺乳动物)体重的范围内。更通常地,有效量应在每天0.1至20mg/kg体重的范围内。因此,对于70kg的成年哺乳动物,每天实际量的一个实例通常为10至2000mg。该量可以以每天单剂量或以每天多次(诸如两次、三次、四次、五次或更多次)亚剂量给予,使得总日剂量相同。盐或其溶剂化物的有效量可以确定为式(I)化合物本身的有效量的比例。类似的剂量应该适合于治疗本文所提到的其他病症。药物调配物可以单位剂量形式存在,每单位剂量含有预定量的活性成分。作为非限制性实例,此类单位可以含有1mg至2g的式(I)化合物,这取决于所治疗的病症、施用途径以及患者的年龄、体重和状况。优选的单位剂量调配物是含有如上文所述的日剂量或亚剂量或其适当分数的活性成分的那些。此类药物调配物可以通过药学领域众所周知的任何方法制备。
药物调配物可适合于通过任何适当的途径施用,例如通过口服(包括颊内或舌下)、直肠、鼻、局部(包括颊内、舌下或经皮)、阴道或肠胃外(包括皮下、肌内、静脉内或皮内)途径施用。此类调配物可以通过药学领域已知的任何方法来制备,例如通过使活性成分与载体或赋形剂结合来制备。举例来说但并不意味着限制本公开内容,对于本公开的化合物被认为对其有用的某些病状和病症,某些途径将比其他途径更优选。此外,在延迟或延长的暴露将改善疗法的情况下,药物调配物可用于允许延迟或延长暴露于式(I)化合物。
适于口服施用的药物调配物可以以离散单位的形式存在,诸如胶囊或片剂;粉末或颗粒;溶液或悬浮液,各自含有水性或非水性液体;可食用泡沫或搅打物;或水包油液体乳液或油包水液体乳液。例如,对于呈片剂或胶囊形式的口服施用,活性药物组分可与口服、无毒、药学上可接受的惰性载体(诸如乙醇、甘油、水等)组合。一般说来,通过将化合物粉碎至合适的细小尺寸并与适当的药物载体(诸如可食用碳水化合物(例如淀粉或甘露糖醇))混合来制备粉末。还可以存在调味剂、防腐剂、分散剂和着色剂。
通过制备粉末、液体或悬浮液混合物并用明胶或一些其他适当的壳材料封装来制备胶囊。可以在封装之前将助流剂和润滑剂(诸如胶体二氧化硅、滑石、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙或固体聚乙二醇)添加到混合物中。还可以添加崩解剂或增溶剂,诸如琼脂、碳酸钙或碳酸钠,以提高胶囊被摄取时药物的利用度。此外,当需要或必要时,也可将合适的粘合剂、润滑剂、崩解剂和着色剂掺入混合物中。合适的粘合剂的实例包括淀粉、明胶、天然糖(诸如葡萄糖或β-乳糖)、玉米甜味剂、天然树胶和合成树胶(诸如阿拉伯树胶、黄芪胶或海藻酸钠)、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、蜡等。可用于这些剂型中的润滑剂包括例如油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸镁、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠等。崩解剂包括但不限于淀粉、甲基纤维素、琼脂、膨润土、黄原胶等。
例如,通过制备粉末混合物、造粒或压碎(slugging)、添加润滑剂和崩解剂并压制成片剂来调配片剂。可以通过将适当粉碎的化合物与如上文所述的稀释剂或碱混合来制备粉末混合物。任选的成分包括粘合剂,诸如羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;溶液阻滞剂,诸如石蜡;再吸收促进剂,诸如季盐,和/或吸收剂,诸如膨润土、高岭土或磷酸二钙。粉末混合物可以用粘合剂,诸如糖浆、淀粉糊、阿拉伯胶粘液(acadia mucilage)或者纤维素或聚合物材料的溶液湿法造粒,并强制其通过筛网。作为造粒的替代方案,可以使粉末混合物通过压片机,并且结果是将不完美成型的压块碎成颗粒。可以借助于添加硬脂酸、硬脂酸盐、滑石或矿物油来润滑颗粒以防止粘附到片剂成型模具上。然后将润滑的混合物压制成片剂。本公开的化合物还可与自由流动的惰性载体组合并直接压制成片剂,而不经过造粒或压碎步骤。可以提供由虫胶密封涂层、糖或聚合物材料涂层和蜡抛光涂层组成的透明或不透明保护涂层。可以将染料添加到这些涂层中以区分不同的单位剂量。
口服液体,诸如溶液、糖浆和酏剂,可以以剂量单位形式制备,使得给定量含有预定量的化合物。例如,可以通过将化合物溶解于适当调味的水溶液中来制备糖浆,而酏剂通过使用无毒的醇媒剂来制备。通常可以通过将化合物分散于无毒媒剂中来调配悬浮液。还可以添加增溶剂和乳化剂,诸如乙氧基化异硬脂醇和聚氧乙烯山梨醇醚、防腐剂;风味添加剂,诸如薄荷油或天然甜味剂、糖精或其他人造甜味剂;等等。
在适当的情况下,用于口服施用的剂量单位调配物可以经微囊化。也可以制备调配物以延长或维持释放,如例如通过将颗粒材料包衣或包埋在聚合物、蜡等中。
适合于在口腔中局部施用的药物调配物包括锭剂、糖果锭剂和漱口剂。
本公开的化合物或者其盐或溶剂化物可以单独使用或与其他治疗剂组合使用。式(I)化合物和其他药物活性药剂可以一起或分开施用,并且当分开施用时,施用可以同时或以任何顺序依序发生。选择式(I)化合物和其他药物活性药剂的量以及相对施用时序以实现所需的组合治疗效果。式(I)化合物或其盐或溶剂化物与其他治疗剂的组合施用可以以组合形式按以下同时施用:(1)包括化合物组合的单一药物组合物;或(2)各自包括一种化合物的单独的药物组合物。替代地,组合可以以依序方式单独施用,其中首先施用一种治疗剂,其次施用另一种,或反之亦然。此类依序施用可以在时间上接近或在时间上较远。
本公开的化合物可以通过多种方法制备,包括众所周知的标准合成方法。下文列出了说明性的一般合成方法,然后在工作实例中制备了本公开的具体化合物。
在下文描述的所有实例中,根据合成化学的一般原理,必要时采用针对敏感基团或反应基团的保护基团。根据有机合成的标准方法对保护基进行操作(T.W.Green和P.G.M.Wuts(1999)Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis,第3版,John Wiley&Sons,关于保护基通过引用并入)。这些基团在化合物合成的方便阶段使用本领域技术人员显而易见的方法进行去除。工艺以及反应条件和其执行顺序的选择应与本公开的化合物的制备一致。
本公开还提供一种合成式(I)化合物的方法以及在制备本公开的化合物中可用作合成中间体的新颖化合物。
这些化合物可以根据下述方法使用容易获得的起始物料和试剂来制备。在这些反应中,可以使用本领域普通技术人员已知的变体,但这些变体没有更详细地提及。
除非另外说明,否则本文中所描绘的结构还意指包括不同之处仅在于存在一个或多个同位素富集原子的化合物。除了氢原子由氘或氚替代或碳原子由13C或14C富集碳替代之外具有本发明结构的化合物在本公开的范围内。例如,氘已广泛用于检验生物活性化合物的药代动力学和代谢。尽管从化学角度来看,氘的行为与氢相似,但氘-碳键和氢-碳键之间的键能和键长存在显著差异。因此,在生物活性化合物中用氘替换氢可能会产生一种化合物,其通常保留其生化效力和选择性,但与其无同位素的对应物相比,表现出显著不同的吸收、分布、代谢和/或排泄(ADME)特性。因此,氘取代可以引起一些生物活性化合物的药物功效、安全性和/或耐受性改善。
根据本公开的另一方面,还提供了一种制备药物调配物的方法,其包括将式(I)化合物或其盐、溶剂化物和生理功能衍生物与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂混合。
有机合成领域的技术人员将理解,存在多种生产本公开的化合物的方法,这些化合物用适合于各种用途的放射性同位素标记。
实验部分
缩写:
如本文所用,这些工艺、方案和实例中使用的符号和惯例与当代科学文献(例如《美国化学学会杂志(Journal of the American Chemical Society)》或《生物化学杂志(Journal of Biological Chemistry)》)中使用的符号和惯例一致。具体地,可以在实例和整个说明书中使用以下缩写:
g(克); mg(毫克);
L(升); mL(毫升);
μL(微升); psi(磅每平方英寸);
M(摩尔); mM(毫摩尔);
Hz(赫兹); MHz(兆赫兹);
mol(摩尔); mmol(毫摩尔);RT或rt(室温);hr(小时);
min(分钟); TLC(薄层层析);
mp(熔点); RP(反相);
Tr(保留时间); TFA(三氟乙酸);
TEA(三乙胺); THF(四氢呋喃);
TFAA(三氟乙酸酐); CD3OD(氘代甲醇);CDCl3(氘代氯仿);DMSO(二甲基亚砜);SiO2(硅胶);atm(大气);
EtOAc(乙酸乙酯); CHCl3(氯仿);
HCl(盐酸); Ac(乙酰基);DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺);Me
(甲基);Cs2CO3(碳酸铯); EtOH(乙醇);Et(乙基);t-Bu(叔丁基);
MeOH(甲醇) p-TsOH(对甲苯磺酸);
DCM(二氯甲烷) DCE(二氯乙烷)
Et2O(二乙醚) K2CO3(碳酸钾);Na2CO3(碳酸钠);
i-PrOH(异丙醇)NaHCO3(碳酸氢钠);
ACN(乙腈);
Pr(丙基); i-Pr(异丙基);
PE(石油醚); Hex(己烷);
H2SO4(硫酸); HCl(盐酸);
Et3N(三乙胺); Na2SO4(硫酸钠);MTBE(甲基叔丁基醚);
Boc(叔丁氧羰基);DIPEA(二异丙基乙胺);
IPA(异丙醇);
HMDS(六甲基二硅氮烷) NH4Cl(氯化铵)
NH4CO3(碳酸铵) MgSO4(硫酸镁)NH4OH(氢氧化铵)
所有溶剂和化学物质均为试剂级。除非另有说明,否则所有试剂和溶剂均购自商业供应商并按原样使用。使用预填充柱在Teledyne ISCO CombiFlash Rf系统上进行快速柱层析。所使用的溶剂包括己烷、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)、二氯甲烷、甲醇和氯仿/甲醇/氢氧化铵(80:18:2)(CMA-80)。通过HPLC、TLC、质谱和NMR分析的组合确定化合物的纯度和表征。1H和13C NMR光谱在Bruker Avance DPX-300(300MHz)光谱仪上记录,并在氯仿-d、DMSO-d6或甲醇-d4中以四甲基硅烷(TMS)(0.00ppm)或溶剂峰作为内部参考进行测定。化学位移以相对于参考信号的ppm为单位报告,并且偶合常数(J)值以赫兹(Hz)为单位报告。
在EMD预涂的硅胶60F254板上进行薄层层析(TLC),并且用UV光或碘染色使斑点可视化。使用Waters Alliance HT/Micromass ZQ系统(ESI)获得低分辨率质谱。使用AgilentZorbax SB-Phenyl,2.1mm×150mm,5μm柱,使用流动相(A)含有0.1%CF3COOH的H2O和(B)MeCN以1.0mL/min的流速进行梯度洗脱,在Agilent 1100系统上通过HPLC测定,所有测试化合物的纯度均大于95%。
所有溶剂和化学物质均为试剂级。除非另有说明,否则所有试剂和溶剂均购自商业供应商并按原样使用。使用预填充柱在Teledyne ISCO CombiFlash Rf系统上进行快速柱层析。所使用的溶剂包括己烷、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)、二氯甲烷(DCM)和甲醇。通过NMR、质谱、TLC和HPLC分析的组合确定化合物的纯度和表征。在Bruker Avance DPX-300(300MHz)光谱仪上记录1H和13C NMR光谱,并在CDCl3、DMSO-d6或CD3OD中以四甲基硅烷(TMS)(0.00ppm)或溶剂峰作为内部参考进行测定。化学位移以相对于参考信号的ppm为单位报告,并且偶合常数(J)值以赫兹(Hz)为单位报告。使用Agilent InfinityLab MSD单四极杆质谱仪系统(ESI)获得标称质谱。在EMD预涂的硅胶60F254板上进行薄层层析(TLC),并且用UV光或碘染色使斑点可视化。如通过HPLC在配备有Waters 2996光电二极管阵列检测器的Waters 2695分离模块和Phenomenex Synergi 4mm Hydro-RP 80A C18 250x 4.6mm柱上,使用1mL/min的流速以1分钟5%溶剂B开始,随后15分钟梯度的5%-95%溶剂B,随后9分钟95%溶剂B(溶剂A,含0.1%TFA的水;溶剂B,含有0.1%TFA和5%水的乙腈;在280nm处监测吸光度)所测定,所有最终化合物的纯度均大于95%。
化学和生物学的描述
化学
根据方案A中所示的反应合成目标化合物3-6。在Mitsunobu条件下用2-甲基-1-戊醇对对碘苯酚A1进行O-烷基化,得到醚A2。A2与丙二酸叔丁基甲酯在NaH和CuBr存在下的反应提供了丙二酸酯中间体A3。用HCl除去叔丁基基团,得到对应的酸A4,随后使其与(R)-(+)-α-甲基苄胺进行酰基氯介导的偶联或与(S)-(-)-α-甲基苄胺进行2-(1H-苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐(HBTU)介导的偶联,分别得到酰胺A5和A6。用新鲜制备的LiBH4还原酯官能团,然后对非对映体混合物进行层析分离,得到纯醇3-6。4和5的绝对立体化学通过方案B中所示的不对称合成得到证实。
方案A。化合物3-6的合成。试剂和条件:(a)PPh3、偶氮二甲酸二乙酯(DEAD)、2-甲基-1-戊醇、四氢呋喃(THF),室温(rt),过夜;(b)丙二酸叔丁基甲酯、CuBr、六甲基磷酰胺(HMPA)、NaH、二恶烷,回流,6小时;(c)4M HCl的二恶烷溶液、二氯甲烷(DCM),室温,过夜;(d)(COCl)2、催化二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、DCM,室温,2小时,然后(R)-(+)-α-甲基苄胺、Et3N、DCM,室温,过夜;或(S)-(-)-α-甲基苄胺、HBTU、Et3N、CH3CN,室温,6小时;(e)NaBH4、LiCl、THF-EtOH(1:1),室温,5小时,然后层析分离非对映体混合物。
根据方案B中所示的反应进行酰胺4、5和7-24的不对称合成。2-(4-羟苯基)乙酸甲酯B1与2-甲基-1-戊醇的Mitsunobu反应得到醚B2a。用NaOH皂化酯官能团,然后进行酸性后处理,得到对应的羧酸(结构未显示),随后将其与草酰氯在二氯甲烷(DCM)中反应,得到酰基氯B3a。将酰基氯与(R)-4-苄基-2-恶唑烷酮在n-BuLi存在下偶联,得到酰胺B4a。使酰胺B4a在s-三恶烷存在下进行TiCl4介导的不对称羟甲基化,提供醇B5a作为唯一的非对映体。然后在H2O2和LiOH存在下通过水解除去恶唑烷酮助剂,得到酸B6。使用N,N,N′,N′-四甲基氯甲脒六氟磷酸盐(TCFH)和N-甲基咪唑(NMI),通过将酸B6分别与对映体纯的(R)-(+)-α-甲基苄胺和(S)-(-)-α-甲基苄胺偶联制备酰胺4和5。同样,如表1所示,通过将B6与合适的胺的偶联合成酰胺9-24。另一方面,用三异丙基甲硅烷基(TIPS)氯化物保护B1中的苯酚基团,得到B2b,然后通过使用类似于用于制备B5a的程序将其转化为B5b。用甲氧基乙氧基甲基(MEM)基团保护甲醇得到B7,将其水解,然后将所得酸与R)-(+)-α-甲基苄胺偶联并除去TIPS保护基团,得到苯酚B8。最后,用(2S)-2-甲基丁基4-甲苯-1-磺酸盐或(2R)-2-甲基丁基4-甲苯-1-磺酸盐对B8进行烷基化,然后用ZnBr2进行MEM脱保护,分别提供7和8。
方案B。化合物4、5和7-24的合成。试剂和条件:(a)B2a:PPh3、DEAD、2-甲基-1-戊醇、THF,室温,过夜;B2b:TIPS氯化物、咪唑、DMF,室温,过夜;(b)(i)NaOH、EtOH-H2O(1:1),室温,4小时,酸性后处理;(ii)(COCl)2、催化DMF、DCM,室温,4小时;(c)(R)-4-苄基-2-恶唑烷酮、n-BuLi、THF,-78 0℃,1小时;(d)(i)TiCl4、DCM,0℃,5分钟;(ii)DIPEA,0℃,1小时;(iii)s-三恶烷、TiCl4,0℃,4小时;(e)H2O2、LiOH、THF-H2O(4:1),室温,3小时;(f)胺、TCFH、NMI、CH3CN,室温,3小时或过夜;(g)MEM氯化物、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)、4-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)、DCM,室温,过夜;(h)四丁基氟化铵(TBAF)、THF,0℃至室温,2小时;(i)(2S)-2-甲基丁基4-甲苯-1-磺酸盐或(2R)-2-甲基丁基4-甲苯-1-磺酸盐、K2CO3、MeCN,90℃,过夜,后处理,然后ZnBr2、DCM,室温,过夜。
根据方案C中所示的反应合成目标化合物25-27和30-37。酰基氯C1转化为4-溴苯乙酰胺衍生物C5通过使用类似于用于制备4(方案B)的程序来完成。使芳基溴C5(R4=OH或Me)与4-取代苯基硼酸进行Suzuki偶联,得到联苯类似物25、27和32-35。类似地,使C5与炔烃进行Sonogashira偶联,得到所需的炔烃类似物36和37。酰基氯C1与(R)-(+)-α-甲基苄胺反应得到酰胺C6,然后将其与4-丙基苯基硼酸偶联,提供26。最后,用PPh3和CBr4处理醇25,得到溴化物C7,随后将其与1,2,4-三唑或1,2,3-三唑反应,分别得到30和31。
方案C。化合物25-27和30-37的合成。试剂和条件:(a)(R)-4-苄基-2-恶唑烷酮、n-BuLi、THF,-78 0℃,1小时;(b)对于R3=OH:(i)TiCl4、DCM,0℃,5分钟;(ii)DIPEA,0℃,1小时;(iii)s-三恶烷、TiCl4,0℃,4小时;对于R3=Me:双(三甲基甲硅烷基)酰胺钠(NaHMDS)、碘乙烷、THF,-78 0℃,然后室温,过夜;(c)H2O2、LiOH、THF-H2O(4:1),室温,3小时;(d)(R)-(+)-α-甲基苄胺、TCFH、NMI、CH3CN,室温,3小时;(e)4-取代苯基硼酸、Pd(dppf)Cl2·DCM、K3PO4、二甲氧基乙烷(DME)、H2O,微波,160 0℃,6分钟;或炔烃、Pd(OAc)2、P(o-tol)3、Et3N、CH3CN,75 0℃,4小时;(f)(R)-(+)-α-甲基苄胺、Et3N、DCM,室温,过夜;(g)PPh3、CBr4、THF,室温,过夜;(h)三唑、K2CO3、DMF,室温,过夜。
根据方案D中所示的反应合成目标化合物28和29。4-碘溴苯D1与丙二酸叔丁基甲酯在NaH和CuBr存在下反应,得到4-溴苯丙二酸酯D2。用HCl除去叔丁基基团,得到酸D3,将其用草酰氯处理,形成对应的酰基氯(结构未显示)。将酰基氯与(R)-(+)-α-甲基苄胺偶联,得到酰胺D4。D4与4-丙基苯基硼酸的Suzuki偶联得到目标化合物28。
将28中的酯基转化为对应的酸,然后与甲胺偶联,得到目标化合物29。
方案D。化合物28和29的合成。试剂和条件:(a)丙二酸叔丁基甲酯、CuBr、HMPA、NaH、二恶烷,回流,6小时;(b)4M HCl的二恶烷溶液、DCM,室温,过夜;(c)(COCl)2、催化DMF、DCM,室温,2小时,然后(R)-(+)-α-甲基苄胺、Et3N、DCM,室温,过夜;(d)4-丙基苯基硼酸、Pd(dppf)Cl2·DCM、K3PO4、DME、H2O,微波,160℃,6分钟;(e)(i)NaOH、MeOH-H2O(1:1),室温,4小时,酸性后处理;(ii)甲胺盐酸盐、TCFH、NMI、CH3CN,室温,3小时。
根据方案E中所示的反应合成脲衍生物38-60。通过采用标准脲偶联方法将取代的苯胺E1和胺(或异氰酸酯)E2偶联。然后用4M HCl的二恶烷溶液处理Boc保护的脲E3a-q以除去Boc保护基团,提供目标化合物38-54。另一方面,使4-溴苯基衍生物E3r与4-取代苯基硼酸进行Suzuki偶联,得到联苯E4a-e,或与4-甲基-1-戊-1-炔进行Sonogashira偶联,得到E4f。最后,用HCl对Boc基团进行脱保护,得到目标化合物55-60。
方案E。化合物38-60的合成。试剂和条件:(a)方法A:三光气、Et3N、DCM,室温,然后回流;方法B:胺、异氰酸酯、DCM,室温;(b)方法A:4M HCl的二恶烷溶液、DCM,0℃至室温;方法B:TFA、DCM,室温,30分钟;(c)E4a-e:4-取代苯基硼酸、Pd(dppf)Cl2·DCM、K3PO4、DME、H2O,微波,160℃,6分钟;E4f:4-甲基-1-戊-1-炔、Pd(OAc)2、P(o-tol)3、Et3N、CH3CN,75 0℃,4小时。
实验
所有溶剂和化学物质均为试剂级。除非另有说明,否则所有试剂和溶剂均购自商业供应商并按原样使用。使用预填充柱在Teledyne ISCO CombiFlash Rf系统上进行快速柱层析。所使用的溶剂包括己烷、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)、二氯甲烷(DCM)和甲醇。通过NMR、质谱、TLC和HPLC分析的组合确定化合物的纯度和表征。在Bruker Avance DPX-300(300MHz)或JEOL 400MHz NMR光谱仪上记录1H和13C NMR光谱,并在CDCl3、DMSO-d6或CD3OD中以四甲基硅烷(TMS)(0.00ppm)或溶剂峰作为内部参考进行测定。化学位移以相对于参考信号的ppm为单位报告,并且偶合常数(J)值以赫兹(Hz)为单位报告。使用Agilent InfinityLab MSD单四极杆质谱仪系统(ESI)获得标称质谱。在EMD预涂的硅胶60F254板上进行薄层层析(TLC),并且用UV光或碘染色使斑点可视化。如通过HPLC在配备有Waters 2996光电二极管阵列检测器的Waters 2695分离模块和Phenomenex Synergi 4mm Hydro-RP 80A C18 250x 4.6mm柱上,使用1mL/min的流速以1分钟5%溶剂B开始,随后15分钟梯度的5%-95%溶剂B,随后9分钟95%溶剂B(溶剂A,含0.1%TFA的水;溶剂B,含有0.1%TFA和5%水的乙腈;在280nm处监测吸光度)所测定,所有最终化合物的纯度均大于95%。
化合物3-6的合成(方案A)。
1-碘-4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯(A2)。在室温和氮气下,向4-碘苯酚(A1)(3.0g,13.63mmol)、PPh3(6.08g,23.18mmol)和2-甲基戊醇(3.38mL,27.27mmol)在THF(50mL)中的溶液中缓慢滴加DEAD(3.93mL,23.18mmol),同时保持反应温度低于35℃。添加后,将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜并用H2O(10mL)淬灭。分离各层,并将水层用EtOAc(3x 30mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(3x 30mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。使用0%-10%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈浅黄色油状物的A2(3.56g,86%产率):1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.56–7.31(m,2H),6.68–6.41(m,2H),3.64(ddd,J=15.6,8.9,6.3Hz,2H),2.03–1.73(m,1H),1.55–1.13(m,4H),0.97(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.90(t,J=7.1Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ159.3,138.2,117.1,82.6,73.5,35.9,33.0,20.2,17.2,14.6;MS(ESI)m/z 305.2[M+H]+。
3-甲基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}丙二酸1-叔丁基酯(A3)。向氢化钠(60%,208mg,6.25mmol)在无水二恶烷(30mL)中的悬浮液中添加HMPA(1.2mL)和丙二酸叔丁基甲酯(907mg,5.20mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。向所得混合物中添加溴化铜(I)(896mg,6.25mmol)和A2(1.9g,6.25mmol),然后将混合物在氮气下回流3小时。冷却至室温后,用饱和NH4Cl溶液(20mL)淬灭反应并用EtOAc(3x 50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(2x 50mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。使用0%–20%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈无色油状物的A3(1.80g,99%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.28(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.87(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),4.48(s,1H),3.85–3.66(m,5H),2.02–1.85(m,1H),1.50–1.12(m,13H),0.99(t,J=5.3Hz,3H),0.96–0.85(m,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ169.3,167.5,159.2,130.3,125.0,114.6,82.2,73.2,58.1,52.5,35.8,32.9,27.9,20.0,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 373.2[M+Na]+。
3-甲氧基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-3-氧代丙酸(A4)。向A3(550mg,1.57mmol)在DCM(20mL)中的溶液中添加4M HCl的二恶烷溶液(3.92mL,15.70mmol),并将所得反应在室温下搅拌过夜。在减压下除去溶剂,得到呈无色油状物的A4(460mg,定量产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.28(d,J=6.7Hz,2H),6.88(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),4.60(br s,1H),3.92–3.60(m,5H),1.93(dq,J=12.8,6.5Hz,1H),1.63–1.10(m,4H),1.00(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.92(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);MS(ESI)m/z 295.2[M+H]+。
2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-2-{[(1R)-1-苯乙基]氨基甲酰基}乙酸甲酯(A5)。向A4(251mg,0.85mmol)在DCM(10mL)中的溶液中添加草酰氯(0.15mL,1.71mmol)和DMF(1滴),并将所得反应在室温下搅拌4小时。在减压下蒸发溶剂并将残余物溶解在DCM(10mL)中,随后添加Et3N(596μL,4.28mmol)和(R)-(+)-α-甲基苄胺(165μL,1.28mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌48小时。用饱和NaHCO3(5mL)淬灭反应。分离各层,并将水层用额外的DCM(2x 20mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(2x 20mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。使用0%-100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈无色油状物的A5的非对映体混合物(244mg,72%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.41–7.07(m,8H),6.93–6.72(m,2H),5.08(p,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.48(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),3.87–3.57(m,5H),1.98–1.83(m,1H),1.60–1.10(m,7H),1.00(dd,J=6.7,1.8Hz,3H),0.96–0.86(m,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ166.7,159.3,143.0,129.5,129.5,128.6,128.6,127.2,126.0,114.9,114.9,73.2,57.5,52.5,49.0,48.9,35.7,32.9,21.7,20.0,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 398.4[M+H]+。
2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-2-{[(1S)-1-苯乙基]氨基甲酰基}乙酸甲酯(A6)。向A4(200mg,0.68mmol)在MeCN(5mL)中的溶液中添加HBTU(387mg,1.02mmol)、Et3N(284μL,2.04mmol)和(S)-(-)-α-甲基苄胺(131μL,1.02mmol),并将所得反应在室温下搅拌6小时。将反应用H2O(10mL)淬灭并用EtOAc(3x 10mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(2x10mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。使用0%–100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈无色油状物的非对映体混合物A6(257mg,31%产率)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.41–7.15(m,6H),7.04(dd,J=19.6,7.9Hz,1H),6.86(t,J=9.2Hz,2H),5.11(p,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.47(s,1H),3.83–3.66(m,5H),2.01-1.84(m,1H),1.46(t,J=7.4Hz,4H),1.41–1.12(m,3H),1.07(br s,1H),1.00(dd,J=6.7,2.1Hz,3H),0.92(t,J=6.9Hz,3H);13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ171.5,166.6,159.4,159.4,143.0,142.9,129.4,129.4,128.6,128.6,127.3,127.3,126.0,125.8,125.7,115.1,115.0,73.3,57.7,57.6,52.6,49.0,49.0,35.8,32.9,21.9,21.8,20.0,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 398.4[M+H]+。
(2R)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]丙酰胺(3)和(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]丙烯酰胺(4)。在氮气下于0℃向NaBH4(24mg,0.63mmol)在EtOH(5mL)中的悬浮液中添加LiCl(27mg,0.63mmol)。在0℃搅拌10分钟后,添加A5(100mg,0.25mmol)在THF(5mL)中的溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌3小时并用饱和NH4Cl溶液(5mL)淬灭,随后添加H2O(10mL)。然后将混合物用EtOAc(3x20mL)来萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(20mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩,得到醇的非对映体混合物(41mg,44%产率)。使用0%-100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对非对映体的混合物进行硅胶层析,得到呈白色固体的纯3(指定为(1R,2R),在35%EtOAc下洗脱,17mg)和呈白色固体的纯4(指定为(1R,2S),在45%EtOAc下洗脱,24mg)。化合物3:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36–7.22(m,5H),7.19–7.10(m,2H),6.96–6.80(m,2H),5.66(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.21–5.01(m,1H),4.20–4.00(m,1H),3.81(dd,J=8.9,5.8Hz,1H),3.77–3.66(m,2H),3.59(dd,J=8.9,4.4Hz,1H),3.48(dd,J=8.8,4.1Hz,1H),2.07–1.80(m,1H),1.55–1.15(m,7H),1.02(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.92(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ173.2,159.0,142.8,129.5,128.7,128.4,127.4,126.0,115.2,73.3,65.3,53.4,48.8,35.8,32.9,21.5,20.0,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 370.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 17.3分钟。化合物4:1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.23–6.99(m,7H),6.85–6.73(m,2H),5.08–4.92(m,1H),4.19–3.97(m,1H),3.85–3.51(m,4H),2.00–1.74(m,1H),1.55–1.16(m,7H),1.05–0.96(m,3H),0.96–0.84(m,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ178.1,164.0,149.1,134.6,134.1,133.2,131.7,130.8,119.5,78.2,68.9,59.3,53.9,40.9,38.1,26.5,25.0,21.3,18.6;MS(ESI)m/z370.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 17.2分钟。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-N-[(1S)-1-苯乙基]丙烯酰胺(5)和(2R)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-N-[(1S)-1-苯乙基]丙烯酰胺(6)。按照用于合成3和4的程序,以酯A6为原料,得到醇的非对映体混合物(69%产率)。使用0%-100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对非对映体的混合物进行硅胶层析,得到呈白色固体的纯5(指定为(1S,2S),27mg]和呈白色固体的纯6(指定为(1S,2R),37mg)。化合物5:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36–7.22(m,5H),7.16(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.89(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),5.65(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.13(p,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.20–4.01(m,1H),3.81(dd,J=8.7,5.9Hz,1H),3.77–3.66(m,2H),3.59(dd,J=8.8,4.4Hz,1H),3.46(dd,J=8.9,4.2Hz,1H),1.93(dt,J=12.6,6.4Hz,1H),1.52–1.28(m,6H),1.27–1.16(m,1H),1.02(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.92(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ173.2,159.0,142.8,129.5,128.7,128.4,127.4,126.0,115.2,73.3,65.3,53.5,48.8,35.8,32.9,21.5,20.1,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z370.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 17.3分钟。化合物6:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.32–7.21(m,3H),7.18–7.02(m,4H),6.89–6.79(m,2H),5.68(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.10(p,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.07(ddd,J=10.7,8.8,4.1Hz,1H),3.80(dd,J=8.9,5.8Hz,1H),3.76–3.58(m,3H),3.51(dd,J=8.9,4.1Hz,1H),2.05–1.80(m,1H),1.54–1.16(m,7H),1.01(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.92(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ173.2,159.1,143.1,129.6,128.6,128.3,127.3,125.8,115.2,73.4,65.2,53.4,48.9,35.8,32.9,22.0,20.1,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z370.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 17.2分钟。
化合物4、5和7-24的合成(方案B)。
2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}乙酸甲酯(B2a)。按照用于合成A2的程序,以B1为原料,得到呈无色油状物的醚B2a(70%产率)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.20–7.10(m,2H),6.92–6.72(m,2H),3.85–3.62(m,5H),3.55(s,2H),2.04–1.79(m,1H),1.59–1.08(m,4H),1.00(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.91(t,J=7.1Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ172.4,158.5,130.2,125.8,114.6,73.3,51.9,40.3,35.8,32.9,20.0,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 251.2[M+H]+。
2-(4-{[三(丙-2-基)甲硅烷基]氧基}苯基)乙酸甲酯(B2b)。向B1(5.0g,30.08mmol)在DMF(50mL)中的溶液中添加TIPS氯化物(7.09mL,33.09mmol)和咪唑(4.50g,66.18mmol),并将所得反应在室温下搅拌过夜。将混合物用H2O(100mL)稀释,并用DCM(3x50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(2x 50mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。使用0%–10%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈无色油状物的B2b(9.4g,97%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.11(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.82(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),3.67(s,3H),3.54(s,2H),1.35–1.17(m,3H),1.17–0.97(m,18H);MS(ESI)m/z 323.2[M+H]+。
2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}乙酰氯(B3a)。向B2a(5.0g,20.0mmol)在EtOH-H2O(60mL,2:1)中的溶液中添加1N NaOH(40mL,40.0mmol),并将反应在室温下搅拌3小时。将混合物用1N HCl酸化至pH=2并用EtOAc(3x 10mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(3x10mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩,得到对应的酸(5g,定量)。向酸(5.0g,21.1mmol)在DCM(50mL)中的溶液中添加草酰氯(3.91mL,42.32mmol)和DMF(0.2mL),并将所得反应在室温下搅拌4小时。在减压下除去溶剂并将残余物真空干燥,得到呈黄色残余物的粗制B3a,其不经表征立即用于下一步转化。
2-(4-{[三(丙-2-基)甲硅烷基]氧基}苯基)乙酰氯(B3b)。按照用于合成B3a的程序,以B2b为原料,得到呈黄色残余物的B3b(99%产率),其不经表征立即用于下一步转化。
(4R)-4-苄基-3-(2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}乙酰基)-1,3-恶唑烷-2-酮(B4a)。在-78℃下,在10分钟内向(R)-4-苄基-2-恶唑烷酮(3.56g,20.1mmol)在THF(40mL)中的溶液中缓慢滴加n-BuLi(2.5M的己烷溶液,8.46mL,21.10mmol)。在-78℃下再搅拌10分钟后,在-78℃下,在10分钟内将B3a(5.0g)在10mL THF中的溶液添加到上述反应中。将所得反应在-78℃搅拌15分钟,并使其温热至室温并再搅拌1小时。用饱和NaHCO3溶液(50mL)淬灭反应并分离各层。水层用EtOAc(2x 50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(2x 50mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。使用0%-100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈白色固体的B4a(6.43g,77%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.34–7.16(m,5H),7.15–7.03(m,2H),6.96–6.77(m,2H),4.77–4.49(m,1H),4.30–4.10(m,4H),3.88–3.58(m,2H),3.23(dd,J=13.4,3.1Hz,1H),2.74(dd,J=13.3,9.4Hz,1H),2.01–1.83(m,1H),1.58–1.12(m,4H),1.00(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.91(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ171.6,158.6,153.4,135.2,130.8,129.4,128.9,127.3,125.3,114.7,73.2,66.1,55.3,40.7,37.7,35.8,32.9,20.1,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z396.4[M+H]+。
(4R)-4-苄基-3-[2-(4-{[三(丙-2-基)甲硅烷基]氧基}苯基)乙酰基]-1,3-恶唑烷-2-酮(B4b)。按照用于合成B4a的程序,以B3b为原料,得到呈无色油状物的B4b(70%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.38–6.97(m,7H),6.77(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),4.69–4.48(m,1H),4.28–3.95(m,4H),3.15(dd,J=13.4,3.2Hz,1H),2.65(dd,J=13.4,9.4Hz,1H),1.31–1.07(m,3H),1.07–0.93(m,18H);MS(ESI)m/z 468.6[M+H]+。
(4R)-4-苄基-3-[(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}丙酰基]-1,3-恶唑烷-2-酮(B5a)。在0℃下,在5分钟内向B4a(6.38g,16.13mmol)在DCM(120mL)中的溶液中缓慢滴加TiCl4(1M的甲苯溶液,16.94mL,16.94mmol)。将所得棕色溶液在0℃下搅拌5分钟,然后滴加DIPEA(3.09mL,417.74mmol)。将所得深蓝色混合物在0℃搅拌1小时。然后,依次添加s-三恶烷(1.67g,18.55mmol)在DCM(5mL)中的溶液和另外的TiCl4(16.94mL,16.94mmol)。将混合物在0℃再搅拌4小时,并且然后用饱和NH4Cl水溶液淬灭,并用另外的DCM(3x 20mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(2x 50mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。使用0%-100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈无色油状物的B5a(2.2g,32%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.33–6.99(m,7H),6.74(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),5.11(dd,J=9.2,5.1Hz,1H),4.63–4.39(m,1H),4.25–4.04(m,1H),4.04–3.83(m,2H),3.79–3.51(m,3H),3.22(dd,J=13.4,3.2Hz,1H),2.76(dd,J=13.4,9.3Hz,1H),2.42(br s,1H),1.90–1.69(m,1H),1.42–1.08(m,4H),0.90(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.87–0.78(m,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ173.4,159.0,152.7,135.3,129.9,129.5,129.0,127.3,126.6,114.7,73.2,65.9,65.2,55.6,51.1,37.9,35.7,32.9,20.0,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 408.4[M-H2O+H]+。
(4R)-4-苄基-3-[(2S)-3-羟基-2-(4-{[三(丙-2-基)甲硅烷基]氧基}苯基)丙酰基]-1,3-恶唑烷-2-酮(B5b)。按照用于合成B5a的程序,以B4b为原料,得到呈白色泡沫的B5b(59%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.38–7.10(m,7H),6.86–6.76(m,2H),5.18(dd,J=9.2,5.1Hz,1H),4.72–4.53(m,1H),4.28–4.11(m,2H),3.91–3.70(m,1H),3.33(dd,J=13.4,3.4Hz,1H),2.86(dd,J=13.4,9.4Hz,1H),2.11(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),1.34–1.16(m,4H),1.14–1.00(m,18H);MS(ESI)m/z 480.0[M-H2O+H]+。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}丙酸(B6)。在0℃,向B5a(2.21g,5.2mmol)在THF-H2O(4:1,50mL)中的溶液中添加LiOH·H2O(436mg,10.40mmol)和H2O2(30%,5.89mL,52.0mmol),并将所得反应在0℃搅拌4小时。将混合物在DCM与H2O之间分配。将水层用1N HCl酸化至pH=2,并用EtOAc(3x 50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(3x50mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩,得到呈白色固体的粗制B6(定量产率),其不经进一步纯化即用于下一步转化。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.40–6.98(m,3H),6.84(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),4.24–3.97(m,1H),3.89–3.57(m,4H),2.00–1.81(m,1H),1.58–1.08(m,4H),0.99(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.91(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);MS(ESI)m/z 265.2[M-H]-。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]丙烯酰胺(4)。方法A:在室温下,向B6(95mg,0.36mmol)在MeCN(5mL)中的溶液中添加DIPEA(0.19mL,1.08mmol)、(R)-(+)-α-甲基苄胺(65mg,0.54mmol)和HBTU(203mg,0.54mmol)。搅拌5小时后,用H2O(10mL)淬灭反应,随后添加EtOAc(50mL)。将层分离。将有机层用饱和NaHCO3(10mL)和盐水(2x 20mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。使用0%-100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈白色固体的4(90mg,68%
产率)。方法B:在室温,向B6(30mg,0.11mmol)在MeCN(1mL)中的溶液中添加(R)-(+)-α-甲基苄胺(20.5mg,0.17mmol)、TCFH(35mg,0.12mmol)和NMI(20.4mg,0.25mmol),并将反应在室温下搅拌3小时。在减压下除去溶剂。使用0%–100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈白色固体的4(30mg,72%产率)。该材料具有与方案1中制备的4相同的1H NMR和13C NMR。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-N-[(1S)-1-苯乙基]丙烯酰胺(5)。按照用于合成4的程序,以B6和(S)-(-)-α-甲基苄胺为原料,得到呈白色固体的5(70%产率)。
该材料具有与方案1中制备的5相同的1H NMR和13C NMR。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-N-[(1R)-1-(2-甲基苯基)乙基]丙烯酰胺(9)。按照用于合成4的程序,以B6和(1R)-1-(2-甲基苯基)乙-1-胺为原料,得到呈白色固体的9(75%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.17–7.07(m,5H),7.03–6.95(m,1H),6.94–6.74(m,2H),5.75(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.39–5.14(m,1H),4.07(t,J=10.0Hz,1H),3.82(dd,J=8.9,5.8Hz,1H),3.77–3.66(m,2H),3.63(dd,J=8.7,4.4Hz,1H),3.56–3.43(m,1H),2.33(s,3H),2.07–1.86(m,1H),1.60–1.11(m,7H),1.04(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.95(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ172.9,159.0,141.0,135.4,130.7,129.5,128.3,127.2,126.2,124.4,115.1,73.3,65.2,53.4,46.7,35.8,32.9,21.2,20.0,18.9,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 384.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>97%,tR 18.0分钟。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-N-[(1R)-1-(3-甲基苯基)乙基]丙烯酰胺(10)。按照用于合成4的程序,以B6和(1R)-1-(3-甲基苯基)乙-1-胺为原料,得到呈白色固体的10(70%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.24–7.09(m,3H),7.05(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.97–6.81(m,4H),5.74(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),5.08(p,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.14–4.02(m,1H),3.89–3.48(m,5H),2.30(s,3H),2.06–1.83(m,1H),1.63–1.11(m,7H),1.03(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.94(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ173.3,159.0,142.9,138.2,129.5,128.9,128.5,128.0,126.4,122.7,115.1,73.3,65.0,53.2,48.9,35.7,32.9,22.1,21.4,20.0,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 384.6[M+H]+;HPLC,>98%,tR 18.0分钟。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-N-[(1R)-1-(4-甲基苯基)乙基]丙烯酰胺(11)。按照用于合成4的程序,以B6和(1R)-1-(4-甲基苯基)乙-1-胺为原料,得到呈白色固体的11(80%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.22–6.97(m,6H),6.88(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.72(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),5.08(p,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.08(t,J=9.7Hz,1H),3.91–3.35(m,5H),2.33(s,3H),2.02–1.85(m,1H),1.59–1.12(m,7H),1.08–0.98(m,3H),0.95(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ173.2,159.0,140.1,136.9,129.6,129.2,128.3,125.7,115.1,73.2,65.2,53.4,48.6,35.8,32.9,22.0,21.0,20.0,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z384.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>97%,tR 18.0分钟。
(2S)-N-[(1R)-1-(4-氟苯基)乙基]-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}丙烯酰胺(12)。按照用于合成4的程序,以B6和(1R)-1-(4-氟苯基)乙-1-胺为原料,得到呈白色固体的12(76%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.14–7.06(m,4H),7.02–6.91(m,2H),6.90–6.79(m,2H),5.77(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.08(p,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.07(dd,J=10.9,8.8Hz,1H),3.86–3.56(m,5H),2.05–1.83(m,1H),1.61–1.16(m,7H),1.03(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.94(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ173.1,161.9(d,JC,F=245.0Hz),159.0,138.9(d,JC,F=3.0Hz),129.5,128.2,127.4(d,JC,F=8.0Hz),115.3(d,JC,F=21.0Hz),115.1,73.3,65.0,53.4,48.2,35.7,32.9,22.0,20.0,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z388.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>98%,tR 17.4分钟。
(2S)-3-羟基-N-[(1R)-1-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙基]-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}丙烯酰胺(13)。按照用于合成4的程序,以B6和(1R)-1-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙-1-胺为原料,得到呈白色固体的13(72%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.16–6.99(m,4H),6.92–6.73(m,4H),5.67(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),5.07(p,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.15–4.00(m,1H),3.85–3.76(m,4H),3.75–3.48(m,4H),2.05–1.85(m,1H),1.58–1.12(m,7H),1.03(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.94(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ173.1,159.0,158.7,135.1,129.5,128.3,127.0,115.1,113.9,73.3,65.2,55.2,53.4,48.3,35.7,32.9,21.9,20.0,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z400.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>95%,tR 17.0分钟。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-N-苯基丙酰胺(14)。按照用于合成4的程序,以B6和苯胺为原料,得到呈白色固体的14(75%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.34(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.26–7.10(m,4H),7.02(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.83(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),4.21–4.04(m,1H),3.81–3.56(m,4H),3.33–3.09(m,1H),1.97–1.78(m,1H),1.51–1.04(m,5H),0.94(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.85(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ172.2,159.2,140.4,129.6,129.0,127.9,124.6,120.0,115.3,73.3,65.0,54.5,35.7,32.9,20.0,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 342.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>97%,tR 17.3分钟。
(2S)-N-苄基-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}丙烯酰胺(15)。按照用于合成4的程序,以B6和苄胺为原料,得到呈白色固体的15(65%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.27–7.13(m,3H),7.13–7.03(m,4H),6.83–6.71(m,2H),5.79(s,1H),4.45–4.21(m,2H),4.15–4.00(m,1H),3.79–3.49(m,4H),1.96–1.76(m,1H),1.48–1.02(m,5H),0.93(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.84(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ174.0,159.0,137.9,129.5,128.7,128.3,127.5,115.1,73.3,65.1,53.5,43.4,35.7,32.9,20.0,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 356.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>95%,tR 16.9分钟。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-N-(2-苯乙基)丙烯酰胺(16)。按照用于合成4的程序,以B6和2-苯基乙-1-胺为原料,得到呈白色固体的16(60%产率):1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.23–7.05(m,3H),7.04–6.89(m,4H),6.76(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.60–5.44(m,1H),4.11–3.93(m,1H),3.80–3.66(m,2H),3.53–3.38(m,2H),3.38–3.20(m,1H),2.70–2.59(m,2H),2.02–1.79(m,2H),1.52–1.18(m,5H),1.01–0.90(m,3H),0.85(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ174.0,159.0,138.5,129.4,128.,128.5,128.3,126.4,115.1,73.3,64.9,53.4,40.5,35.7,35.4,32.9,20.0,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 370.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 17.4分钟。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-N-[(1R)-1-苯丙基]丙烯酰胺(17)。按照用于合成4的程序,以B6和(1R)-1-苯基丙-1-胺为原料,得到呈白色固体的17(68%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.42–7.16(m,4H),7.10(d,J=8.6Hz,3H),6.91–6.78(m,2H),5.76(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.87(q,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.12–3.98(m,1H),3.91–3.45(m,5H),2.06–1.83(m,1H),1.78–1.65(m,2H),1.56–1.21(m,4H),1.07–0.99(m,3H),0.95(t,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.87(t,J=7.4Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ173.5,159.0,142.0,129.6,128.5,128.3,127.2,126.2,115.1,73.3,65.2,55.0,53.3,35.7,32.9,29.3,20.0,17.0,14.3,10.6;MS(ESI)m/z 384.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>95%,tR 17.6分钟。
(2S)-3-羟基-N-[(1S)-2-甲氧基-1-苯乙基]-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}丙烯酰胺(18)。按照用于合成的4的程序,以B6和(1S)-2-甲氧基-1-苯基乙-1-胺为原料,得到呈白色固体的18(50%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.24–7.10(m,3H),7.10–6.97(m,4H),6.80(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.16(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),5.15–4.99(m,1H),4.05–3.85(m,1H),3.79–3.57(m,4H),3.56–3.39(m,2H),3.21(s,3H),2.00–1.70(m,1H),1.48–1.03(m,4H),0.95(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.85(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ173.5,159.0,139.5,129.5,128.5,128.3,127.4,126.4,115.0,75.0,73.3,65.1,59.0,53.4,52.7,35.8,32.9,20.0,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 400.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>98%,tR 17.1分钟。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-N-(2-苯基丙-2-基)丙烯酰胺(19)。按照用于合成4的程序,以B6和2-苯基丙-2-胺为原料,得到呈白色固体状的19(65%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.42–7.12(m,7H),7.00–6.83(m,2H),5.73(s,1H),4.05(t,J=9.8Hz,1H),3.90–3.52(m,4H),3.41(br s,1H),2.11–1.82(m,1H),1.65(s,3H),1.61(s,3H),1.55–1.20(m,4H),1.05(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.95(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ172.9,159.0,146.6,129.4,128.7,128.4,126.7,124.5,115.1,73.3,65.2,56.0,53.9,35.8,32.9,29.3,28.8,20.0,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 384.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR18.2分钟。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-N-(1-苯基环丙基)丙烯酰胺(20)。按照用于合成4的程序,以B6和1-苯基环丙烷-1-胺为原料,得到呈白色固体的20(75%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.22–7.13(m,3H),7.12–6.97(m,4H),6.79(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.16(s,1H),4.04–3.92(m,1H),3.78–3.45(m,5H),1.97–1.76(m,1H),1.49–1.23(m,3H),1.22–1.03(m,5H),0.94(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.85(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ174.6,159.0,142.0,129.4,128.4,128.2,126.4,125.1,115.2,73.3,64.9,53.4,35.7,35.0,32.9,20.0,18.0,17.7,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 382.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>97%,tR 17.6分钟。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-N-[(1R)-1-(吡啶-2-基)乙基]丙烯酰胺(21)。按照用于合成4的程序,以B6和(1R)-1-(吡啶-2-基)乙-1-胺为原料,得到呈白色固体的21(70%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.34(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),7.55(td,J=7.7,1.8Hz,1H),7.16–6.98(m,4H),6.88–6.54(m,3H),5.05(p,J=6.9Hz,1H),4.03(dd,J=11.0,8.4Hz,1H),3.80–3.52(m,4H),1.96–1.68(m,1H),1.51–0.99(m,7H),0.93(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.84(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ173.3,160.7,158.9,148.9,136.8,129.5,128.5,122.2,121.2,115.0,73.3,65.2,53.6,49.9,35.7,32.9,22.3,20.0,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 371.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>95%,tR 12.6分钟。
(2S)-N-[(1R)-1-(呋喃-2-基)乙基]-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}丙烯酰胺(22)。按照用于合成4的程序,以B6和(1R)-1-(呋喃-2-基)乙-1-胺为原料,得到呈白色固体的22(65%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.33–7.23(m,1H),7.14(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.86(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.27(dd,J=3.1,1.9Hz,1H),6.03(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),5.76(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.32–5.15(m,1H),4.10(dd,J=10.8,8.8Hz,1H),3.88–3.60(m,4H),2.05–1.79(m,1H),1.56–1.13(m,7H),1.02(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.93(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ173.2,159.0,155.0,141.8,129.6,128.1,115.1,110.1,105.3,73.3,65.2,53.4,43.0,35.7,32.9,20.0,19.4,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 360.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>95%,tR 16.5分钟。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-N-[(1R)-1-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]丙烯酰胺(23)。按照用于合成4的程序,以B6和(1R)-1-(噻吩-2-基)乙-1-胺为原料,得到呈白色固体的23(70%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.16–6.96(m,3H),6.87–6.65(m,4H),5.68(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),5.43–5.23(m,1H),4.16–3.89(m,1H),3.78–3.32(m,5H),1.95–1.73(m,1H),1.45(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),1.41–1.05(m,4H),0.93(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.84(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ173.0,159.0,146.8,129.6,128.0,126.7,124.3,123.7,115.1,73.3,65.2,53.4,44.6,35.7,32.9,22.1,20.0,17.0,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 376.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 17.2分钟。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2-甲基戊基)氧基]苯基}-N-[(1R,2S)-2-苯基环丙基]丙烯酰胺(24)。按照用于合成4的程序,以B6和(1R,2S)-2-苯基环丙烷-1-胺为原料,得到呈白色固体的24(73%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.37–7.07(m,7H),6.89(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),5.84(br s,1H),4.22–4.06(m,1H),3.86–3.50(m,4H),2.94–2.83(m,1H),2.06–1.80(m,2H),1.56–1.15(m,6H),1.14–1.05(m,1H),1.03(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.94(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ175.3,159.0,140.2,129.4,128.4,128.3,126.4,126.2,115.2,73.3,65.1,53.3,35.7,32.9,31.9,24.6,20.0,17.0,16.2,14.3;MS(ESI)m/z 382.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>95%,tR 17.6分钟。
(4R)-4-苄基-3-[(2S)-3-[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲氧基]-2-(4-{[三(丙-2-基)甲硅烷基]氧基}苯基)丙酰基]-1,3-恶唑烷-2-酮(B7)。向B5b在DCM(10mL)中的溶液中添加DIPEA(210μL,1.21mmol)、DMAP(10mg,0.08mmol)和MEM氯化物(69μL,0.06mmol),并将所得反应在室温下搅拌过夜。将反应用H2O(20mL)稀释。分离各层,并将水层用额外的DCM(3x20mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(2x 20mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。使用0%–100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈无色薄膜的B7(242mg,定量产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.39–7.11(m,7H),6.80(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),5.37(dd,J=10.2,4.7Hz,1H),4.83–4.70(m,2H),4.70–4.55(m,1H),4.30(t,J=9.8Hz,1H),4.15–3.96(m,2H),3.78–3.63(m,3H),3.60–3.50(m,2H),3.38(s,3H),3.26(dd,J=13.5,2.8Hz,1H),2.99–2.72(m,1H),1.36–1.14(m,3H),1.14–0.94(m,18H);MS(ESI)m/z 608.4[M+Na]+。
(2S)-2-(4-羟苯基)-3-[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲氧基]-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]丙烯酰胺(B8)。按照用于合成B6的程序除去B7中的恶唑烷酮助剂,得到呈无色油状物的(2S)-3-[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲氧基]-2-(4-{[三(丙-2-基)甲硅烷基]氧基}苯基)丙酸(99%产率):MS(ESI)m/z449.6[M+Na]+。按照用于合成4的程序进行酸与(R)-(+)-α-甲基苄胺的偶联,得到呈无色油状物的(2S)-3-[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲氧基]-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]-2-(4-{[三(丙-2-基)甲硅烷基]氧基}苯基)丙酰胺(33%产率):MS(ESI)m/z 530.8[M+H]+。在0℃下,向上述酰胺(570mg,1.08mmol)在THF(20mL)中的溶液中添加TBAF(1.0M的THF溶液,1.61mL,1.61mmol),并将所得反应在0℃下搅拌2小时。将反应用H2O(20mL)淬灭并用EtOAc(2x20mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(2x 30mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。使用0%–100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈无色残余物的B8(380mg,94%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.26–7.04(m,7H),6.74(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),5.12–4.92(m,4H),4.82–4.56(m,2H),4.14(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),3.84(dd,J=9.6,5.1Hz,1H),3.77–3.60(m,3H),3.52(dd,J=5.8,3.3Hz,2H),1.43(d,J=7.0Hz,3H);MS(ESI)m/z 374.0[M+H]+。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2S)-2-甲基丁氧基]苯基}-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]丙烯酰胺(7)。将B8(100mg,0.27mmol)、(2S)-2-甲基丁基4-甲苯-1-磺酸盐(97mg,0.41mmol)和K2CO3(111mg,0.80mmol)在MeCN(3mL)中的混合物在密封容器中于90℃加热过夜。将反应冷却至室温,并用EtOAc(5mL)和H2O(5mL)稀释。分离各层,并将水层用额外的EtOAc(2x 5mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(2x 10mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。使用0%-100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈无色油状物的(2S)-3-[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲氧基]-2-{4-[(2S)-2-甲基丁氧基]苯基}-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]-丙酰胺(82mg,69%产率):MS(ESI)m/z 444.6[M+H]+。向上述醚(71mg,0.16mmol)在DCM(10mL)中的溶液中添加ZnBr2(61mg,过量),并将所得反应在室温下搅拌过夜。将反应用DCM(5mL)稀释并用盐水(2x10mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。使用12%异丙胺(IPA)的己烷溶液对残余物进行ChiralPak IA(5μm)柱层析,得到呈白色固体的7(20mg,35%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.33–7.17(m,3H),7.16–7.03(m,4H),6.91–6.79(m,2H),5.74(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.10(p,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.13–4.00(m,1H),3.85–3.76(m,1H),3.76–3.59(m,3H),3.57–3.47(m,1H),1.93–1.77(m,1H),1.65–1.48(m,1H),1.45–1.35(m,3H),1.35–1.12(m,1H),1.08–0.98(m,3H),0.98–0.88(m,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ173.2,159.0,143.1,129.5,128.6,128.3,127.4,125.8,115.1,73.0,65.2,53.4,48.8,34.7,26.1,22.0,16.5,11.3;MS(ESI)m/z 356.6[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 6.2分钟(12%IPA/己烷;5μm ChiralPak IA柱)。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-{4-[(2R)-2-甲基丁氧基]苯基}-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]丙烯酰胺(8)。按照用于合成7的程序,以(2R)-2-甲基丁基4-甲苯-1-磺酸盐为原料,得到呈白色固体的8(33%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36–7.20(m,3H),7.18–7.05(m,4H),6.93–6.82(m,2H),5.74(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.12(p,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.16–3.99(m,1H),3.87–3.78(m,1H),3.78–3.59(m,3H),3.55(dd,J=8.8,4.2Hz,1H),1.95–1.77(m,1H),1.65–1.48(m,1H),1.43(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.37–1.17(m,1H),1.03(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.97(t,J=7.4Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ173.2,159.0,143.1,129.5,128.6,128.3,127.2,125.8,115.1,73.0,65.2,53.4,48.8,34.7,26.1,22.0,16.5,11.3;MS(ESI)m/z 356.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 6.3分钟(12%IPA/己烷;5μm ChiralPak IA柱)。
化合物25-27和30-37的合成(方案C)。
(4R)-4-苄基-3-[2-(4-溴苯基)乙酰基]-1,3-恶唑烷-2-酮(C2)。按照用于合成B4a的程序,以2-(4-溴苯基)乙酰氯(C1)为原料,得到呈白色固体的C2(49%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.48(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.34–7.25(m,3H),7.22(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.13(dd,J=7.5,2.0Hz,2H),4.73–4.58(m,1H),4.30(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),4.25–4.11(m,3H),3.26(dd,J=13.4,3.4Hz,1H),2.76(dd,J=13.4,9.5Hz,1H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ170.7,153.4,135.0,132.5,131.7,131.5,129.4,129.0,127.4,121.4,66.2,55.3,41.0,37.7;MS(ESI)m/z 374.2[M+H]+(79Br),376.2[M+H]+(81Br)。
(4R)-4-苄基-3-[(2S)-2-(4-溴苯基)-3-羟基丙酰基]-1,3-恶唑烷-2-酮(C3a)。按照用于合成B5a的程序,以C2为原料,得到呈白色固体的C3a(54%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.38–7.18(m,7H),5.19(dd,J=8.9,5.0Hz,1H),4.66(ddt,J=12.4,6.6,3.1Hz,1H),4.20(ddd,J=9.2,7.9,5.9Hz,1H),4.15–4.04(m,2H),3.86(ddd,J=11.2,6.3,5.0Hz,1H),3.33(dd,J=13.4,3.5Hz,1H),2.96–2.77(m,1H),2.16(t,J=6.6Hz,1H);MS(ESI)m/z 426.0[M+Na]+(79Br),428.0[M+Na]+(81Br)。
(4R)-4-苄基-3-[(2R)-2-(4-溴苯基)丁酰基]-1,3-恶唑烷-2-酮(C3b)。在0℃下,向C2(1.0g,2.67mmol)在THF(30mL)中的溶液中缓慢添加NaHMDS(1.0M的THF溶液,2.94mL,2.94mmol),并将所得反应在0℃搅拌30分钟。然后,在0℃下缓慢添加碘乙烷(1.07mL,13.36mmol),并将反应温热至室温并搅拌过夜。将反应冷却至0℃,并用饱和NH4Cl水溶液(20mL)淬灭。分离各层,并将水层用EtOAc(3x 30mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(3x20mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。使用0%-100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈浅绿色油状物的C3b(584mg,55%产率):MS(ESI)m/z 402.2[M+H]+(79Br),404.4[M+H]+(81Br)。
(2S)-2-(4-溴苯基)-3-羟基丙酸(C4a)。按照用于合成B6的程序,以C3a为原料,得到呈白色固体的C4a(61%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.48(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.26(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.10–3.98(m,1H),3.78–3.67(m,2H)。13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ175.5,137.4,132.7,131.3,122.3,64.8,55.2。
(2R)-2-(4-溴苯基)丁酸(C4b)。按照用于合成B6的程序,以C3b为原料,得到呈白色固体的C4b(60%产率):MS(ESI)m/z 240.8[M-H]-(79Br),242.8[M-H]-(81Br)。将该化合物不经进一步表征即用于下一步转化。
(2S)-2-(4-溴苯基)-3-羟基-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]丙烯酰胺(C5a)。在室温下,向C4a(49mg,0.20mmol)和(R)-(+)-α-甲基苄胺(29mg,0.24mmol)在CH3CN(3mL)中的混合物中依次添加TCFH(62mg,0.22mmol)和NMI(34mg,0.42mmol),并将所得反应在室温下搅拌3小时。蒸发溶剂,并使用0%-100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈白色固体的C5a(48mg,68%):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.33–7.22(m,3H),7.16–7.04(m,4H),5.72(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),5.11(p,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.12–3.93(m,1H),3.87–3.70(m,1H),3.63(dd,J=8.4,4.2Hz,1H),3.27(dd,J=8.2,4.9Hz,1H),1.44(d,J=6.9Hz,3H)。13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ171.8,142.8,135.6,132.2,130.1,128.6,127.4,125.8,121.9,64.9,53.7,49.1,21.9;MS(ESI)m/z 348.0[M+H]+(79Br),340.0[M+H]+(81Br)。
(2R)-2-(4-溴苯基)-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]丁酰胺(C5b)。按照用于合成C5a的程序,以C4b为原料,提供呈白色固体的酰胺C5b(64%产率):MS(ESI)m/z 346.2[M+H]+(79Br),348.2[M+H]+(81Br)。
2-(4-溴苯基)-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]乙酰胺(C6)。在室温下,向4-溴苯乙酰氯(C1)(234mg,1mmol)在DCM(10mL)中的溶液中添加(R)-(+)-α-甲基苄胺(145mg,1.2mmol)和Et3N(279μL,2mmol),并将反应在室温下搅拌1小时。在减压下除去溶剂。使用0%–100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈白色固体的C6(240mg,75%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.46(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.39–7.17(m,5H),7.12(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),5.70(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),5.10(p,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.49(s,2H),1.42(d,J=6.9Hz,3H);MS(ESI)m/z318.2[M+H]+(79Br),320.2[M+H]+(81Br)。
(2S)-3-羟基-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]-2-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}丙烯酰胺(25)。将C5a(100mg,0.26mmol)、4-丙基苯基硼酸(65mg,0.40mmol)、Pd(dppf)Cl2·CH2Cl2(22mg,0.03mmol)和K3PO4(169mg,0.80mmol)在二甲氧基乙烷(6mL)和H2O(1.5mL)中的混合物在微波照射下于160℃加热6分钟。将所得混合物倒入冷的1N NaOH(15mL)中并用DCM(3x20mL)萃取。将合并的有机层干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩。使用0%-100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈灰白色固体的25(83mg,75%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.68–7.40(m,4H),7.36–7.19(m,7H),7.18–7.09(m,2H),5.79(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),5.16(p,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.29–4.05(m,1H),3.94–3.65(m,2H),3.50(br s,1H),2.76–2.53(m,2H),1.70(td,J=7.5,3.8Hz,2H),1.46(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.00(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ172.7,143.0,142.2,140.8,137.7,135.2,129.0,128.9,128.6,127.6,127.3,126.8,125.8,65.1,53.9,48.9,37.7,24.5,22.0,13.8;MS(ESI)m/z 388.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 17.4分钟。
N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]-2-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}乙酰胺(26)。按照用于合成25的程序,以C6为原料,得到呈白色固体的26(99%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.58–7.46(m,4H),7.34–7.14(m,9H),5.91(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),5.12(p,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.57(s,2H),2.72–2.45(m,2H),1.78–1.58(m,2H),1.40(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.97(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ170.1,143.2,142.0,140.1,137.9,133.7,129.7,129.0,128.6,127.5,127.3,126.8,126.0,48.8,43.4,37.7,24.5,21.8,13.9;MS(ESI)m/z358.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>98%,tR 18.8分钟。
(2R)-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]-2-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}丁酰胺(27)。按照用于合成25的程序,以C5b为原料,得到呈白色固体的27(80%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.56(t,J=7.7Hz,4H),7.43–7.21(m,7H),7.18–7.07(m,2H),5.84(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.15(p,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.34(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),2.83–2.55(m,2H),2.40–2.17(m,1H),1.94–1.79(m,1H),1.79–1.62(m,2H),1.47(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.11–0.87(m,6H);13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ172.6,143.2,141.9,140.0,138.7,138.1,128.9,128.5,128.4,127.2,127.1,126.8,125.9,54.9,48.7,37.7,26.4,24.5,21.9,13.9,12.4;MS(ESI)m/z 386.6[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 19.6分钟。
(2R)-3-溴-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]-2-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}丙烯酰胺(C7)。将25(5mg,0.01mmol)、CBr4(6.4mg,0.02mmol)和PPh3(5.1mg,0.02mmol)在THF(1mL)中的溶液在室温下搅拌2小时。将反应用DCM(5mL)稀释并用H2O(10mL)洗涤。分离各层,并将有机层用盐水(2x 5mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。使用0%-100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈灰白色固体的C7(3mg,52%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.50(dd,J=12.8,8.2Hz,4H),7.37–7.28(m,2H),7.28–7.14(m,5H),7.09(dd,J=7.3,1.8Hz,2H),5.97(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),5.12(p,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.09(t,J=9.4Hz,1H),3.81(dd,J=8.9,5.8Hz,1H),3.55(dd,J=9.8,5.8Hz,1H),2.77–2.54(m,2H),1.67(dd,J=15.0,7.4Hz,2H),1.47(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.97(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);MS(ESI)m/z 450.2[M+H]+(79Br),452.2[M+H]+(81Br)。
(2S)-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]-2-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}-3-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)丙烯酰胺(30)。将C7(15mg,0.03mmol)、1,2,4-三唑(3.4mg,0.05mmol)和K2CO3(13.8mg,0.1mmol)在DMF(1mL)中的溶液在室温下搅拌过夜。将反应用EtOAc(5mL)和H2O(5mL)稀释。分离各层,并将水层用额外的EtOAc(2x 5mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(2x10mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。使用0%-100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈白色固体的30(3mg,20%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,)δ8.30(s,1H),8.02(s,1H),7.66–7.46(m,5H),7.37(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.27(d,J=8.0Hz,3H),7.16(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),7.09–7.01(m,2H),4.57–4.25(m,4H),2.64(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),1.78–1.54(m,2H),1.40–1.21(m,4H),0.98(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ172.1,152.3,145.7,130.0,129.4,129.4,129.3,128.2,128.1,128.2,128.0,127.9,127.9,126.8,126.7,52.9,52.7,38.6,25.7,22.2,22.0,14.1;MS(ESI)m/z 439.6[M+H]+;HPLC,>95%,tR17.9分钟。
(2S)-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]-2-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}-3-(1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基)丙烯酰胺(31)。按照用于合成30的程序,以1,2,3-三唑为原料,得到呈白色固体的31(25%产率)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.59–7.42(m,5H),7.40–7.13(m,10H),5.72(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),5.20(dd,J=13.5,8.0Hz,1H),5.09(p,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.75(dd,J=13.6,7.4Hz,1H),4.26(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),2.72–2.49(m,2H),1.78–1.62(m,2H),1.38(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.97(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ169.6,142.7,142.1,140.9,138.5,137.7,134.8,134.0,128.9,128.6,128.4,127.4,127.3,126.8,126.1,56.9,52.5,48.9,37.7,24.5,21.2,13.8;MS(ESI)m/z 439.6[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 18.8分钟。
(2S)-2-{4'-环丁基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}-3-羟基-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]丙烯酰胺(32)。按照用于合成25的程序,以C5a和4-环丁基苯基硼酸为原料,得到呈灰白色固体的32(65%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.64–7.45(m,4H),7.42–7.21(m,7H),7.14(ddd,J=7.8,5.7,1.4Hz,2H),5.77(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.13(p,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.19–4.09(m,1H),3.80(dd,J=11.0,4.1Hz,1H),3.73(dd,J=8.5,4.2Hz,1H),3.59(p,J=8.7Hz,1H),3.47(s,1H),2.48–2.27(m,2H),2.29–2.11(m,2H),2.10–1.95(m,1H),1.95–1.74(m,1H),1.43(d,J=6.9Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ172.7,145.8,143.0,140.8,137.8,135.3,129.1,128.9,128.6,127.6,127.3,126.8,125.8,65.1,54.0,49.0,40.1,29.8,22.0,18.3;MS(ESI)m/z 400.2[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 18.3分钟。
(2S)-2-[4'-(环丙基甲基)-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基]-3-羟基-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]丙烯酰胺(33)。按照用于合成25的程序,以C5a和4-环丙基甲基苯基硼酸为原料,得到呈灰白色固体的33(30%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.55(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.51(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.38–7.32(m,2H),7.30–7.21(m,5H),7.16–7.08(m,2H),5.78(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.13(p,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.14(ddd,J=13.1,7.0,3.5Hz,1H),3.88–3.64(m,2H),3.47(dd,J=8.5,4.5Hz,1H),2.60(d,J=6.9Hz,2H),1.44(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.10–0.93(m,1H),0.64–0.48(m,2H),0.29–0.17(m,2H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ172.7,143.0,141.7,140.8,137.9,135.3,128.9,128.9,128.6,127.6,127.3,126.9,125.8,65.1,53.9,48.9,40.0,22.0,11.8,4.7;MS(ESI)m/z 400.2[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 17.1分钟。
(2S)-2-{4'-环丙氧基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}-3-羟基-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]丙烯酰胺(34)。按照用于合成25的程序,以C5a和(4-环丙氧基苯基)硼酸为原料,得到呈灰白色固体的34(33%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.59–7.43(m,4H),7.34–7.21(m,5H),7.18–7.05(m,4H),5.78(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.13(p,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.13(dd,J=11.0,8.5Hz,1H),3.89–3.61(m,3H),2.80(s,1H),1.43(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.88–0.70(m,4H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ172.7,158.7,143.0,140.5,134.9,133.2,128.9,128.6,127.9,127.3,125.8,115.4,65.1,53.9,50.9,48.9,22.0,6.2;MS(ESI)m/z 402.2[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 15.8分钟。
(2S)-2-{4'-环丁氧基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}-3-羟基-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]丙烯酰胺(35)。按照用于合成25的程序,以C5a和(4-环丁氧基苯基)硼酸为原料,得到呈白色固体的35(43%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3δ7.55–7.37(m,4H),7.33–7.19(m,5H),7.13(dd,J=8.0,1.7Hz,2H),6.89(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.75(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.13(p,J=7.2Hz,1H),4.68(p,J=7.2Hz,1H),4.13(dd,J=11.0,8.6Hz,1H),3.79(dd,J=10.9,4.5Hz,1H),3.72(dd,J=8.6,4.2Hz,1H),3.47(s,1H),2.58–2.38(m,2H),2.20(dtd,J=12.6,9.9,7.8Hz,2H),2.03–1.80(m,1H),1.79–1.65(m,1H),1.43(d,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ172.7,157.4,142.9,140.5,134.8,132.7,128.9,128.6,127.6,127.3,127.3,125.8,115.3,71.6,65.1,53.9,48.9,30.7,22.0,13.3。MS(ESI)m/z 416.2[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR17.2分钟。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-[4-(戊-1-炔-1-基)苯基]-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]丙烯酰胺(36)。将C5a(40mg,0.11mmol)、三邻甲苯基膦(7mg,0.02mmol)、Pd(OAc)2(2.6mg,0.01mmol)、Et3N(48μL,0.34mmol)、1-戊炔(12.5μL,0.12mmol)在MeCN(2mL)中的混合物在密封容器中于75℃加热4小时。将反应冷却至室温,并用H2O(5mL)淬灭和用EtOAc(2x 10mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(2x 10mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。使用0%-100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈褐色固体的36(31mg,80%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.32–7.21(m,3H),7.15–7.07(m,4H),5.65(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.10(p,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.18–3.98(m,1H),3.83–3.59(m,2H),3.38(dd,J=8.5,4.5Hz,1H),2.39(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.75–1.59(m,2H),1.42(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.05(t,J=7.4Hz,3H);13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ172.3,142.9,135.8,132.2,128.7,128.4,127.4,125.8,123.9,91.2,80.1,65.0,54.1,49.0,22.2,22.0,21.4,13.5;MS(ESI)m/z 436.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR15.7分钟。
(2S)-3-羟基-2-[4-(3-甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)苯基]-N-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]丙烯酰胺(37)。按照用于合成36的程序,以3-甲基丁-1-炔为原料,得到呈白色固体的37(27%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.31–7.17(m,3H),7.16–7.01(m,4H),5.72(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),5.09(p,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.06(d,J=9.9Hz,1H),3.84–3.71(m,1H),3.66(dd,J=8.8,4.1Hz,1H),2.87–2.64(m,2H),1.41(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.26(d,J=6.9Hz,6H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ172.4,142.9,135.7,132.2,128.6,128.3,127.3,125.7,123.8,96.7,79.1,64.9,54.0,49.0,22.9,22.0,21.1;MS(ESI)m/z 336.2[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR15.8分钟。
化合物28和29的合成(方案D)。
3-甲基2-(4-溴苯基)丙二酸1-叔丁基酯(D2)。按照用于合成A3的程序,以1-溴-4-碘苯(D1)为原料,得到呈无色油状物的D2(53%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.47(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.27(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),4.52(s,1H),3.72(s,3H),1.44(s,9H);13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ168.4,166.6,132.2,131.6,131.0,127.3,82.6,58.1,52.6,27.9。
2-(4-溴苯基)-3-甲氧基-3-氧代丙酸(D3)。按照用于合成A4的程序,以D2为原料,得到粗制D3(定量产率),其不经纯化即用于下一步转化。
2-(4-溴苯基)-2-{[(1R)-1-苯乙基]氨基甲酰基}乙酸甲酯(D4)。按照用于合成A5的程序,以D3为原料,得到呈黄色固体的非对映体混合物D4(70%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.46(dd,J=11.5,8.5Hz,2H),7.38–7.07(m,7H),5.09(p,J=6.8Hz,1H),4.46(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),3.73(d,J=3.7Hz,3H),1.47(dd,J=6.9,3.9Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ170.9,165.5,142.7,133.1,132.1,132.1,130.0,128.7,127.4,126.0,126.0,122.5,57.5,52.9,49.2,49.1,21.8,21.7;MS(ESI)m/z 376.2[M+H]+(79Br),378.2[M+H]+(81Br)。
2-{[(1R)-1-苯乙基]氨基甲酰基}-2-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}乙酸甲酯(28)。按照用于合成25的程序,以D4为原料,得到呈棕色固体的非对映体混合物28(78%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.66–7.35(m,5H),7.35–7.12(m,8H),5.21–4.96(m,1H),4.61–4.41(m,1H),3.81–3.65(m,4H),2.62(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.76–1.59(m,2H),1.53–1.40(m,3H),0.97(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);MS(ESI)m/z 416.6[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 18.5分钟,18.6分钟(1:1两个峰)。
N-甲基-N'-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]-2-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}丙二酰胺(29)。向28(100mg,0.24mmol)在MeOH-H2O(3mL,1:1)中的溶液中添加1N NaOH(482μL,0.48mmol),并将反应在室温下搅拌3小时。将混合物用1N HCl酸化至pH=2并用EtOAc(3x 10mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(3x 10mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩,得到呈褐色固体的对应酸(94mg,98%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.66–6.99(m,13H),6.61(br s,1H),5.11(dd,J=13.6,6.9Hz,1H),4.48(d,J=14.3Hz,1H),2.74–2.53(m,2H),1.82–1.55(m,2H),1.51–1.30(m,3H),0.97(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);MS(ESI)m/z 402.4[M+H]+。向上述酸(60mg,0.15mmol)在MeCN(2mL)中的溶液中添加TCFH(46mg,0.16mmol)、NMI(25μL,0.31mmol)和甲胺盐酸盐(15mg,0.22mmol),并将所得反应在室温下搅拌过夜。将混合物用EtOAc(10mL)和H2O(15mL)稀释。分离各层,并将水层用额外的EtOAc(2x 10mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(3x 15mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。使用0%-100%EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈白色固体的非对映体混合物29(44mg,71%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.59–7.36(m,5H),7.35–7.12(m,8H),5.03(dd,J=15.6,8.6Hz,1H),4.62–4.36(m,1H),2.86(s,3H),2.83–2.75(m,2H),2.71–2.54(m,2H),1.76–1.57(m,2H),1.53–1.39(m,3H),0.97(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);MS(ESI)m/z 415.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 18.0分钟(次要),18.1分钟(主要)。
化合物38-60的合成(方案E)
3-[(2S,3S)-2-氨基-3-甲基戊基]-1-苯基-3-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(38)。向N-[(2S,3S)-3-甲基-1-({4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}氨基)戊-2-基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯(E1a)(30mg,0.07mmol)在DCM(1mL)中的溶液中添加异氰酸苯酯(E2a)(10.5μL,0.09mmol)。将反应在室温下搅拌过夜。将混合物浓缩,并将残余物通过硅胶柱层析使用EtOAc的己烷溶液纯化,得到呈灰白色固体的Boc保护的脲E3a(23.6mg,75%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.69(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.53(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.43(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.33–7.17(m,7H),7.06–6.93(m,1H),6.22(s,1H),5.24(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),4.37(dd,J=14.2,11.5Hz,1H),3.77(tt,J=9.1,4.2Hz,1H),3.22(dd,J=14.3,4.0Hz,1H),2.65(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.71(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.60–1.46(m,1H),1.40(s,9H),1.21–1.04(m,1H),0.98(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),0.94–0.87(m,3H),0.84(d,J=7.3Hz,3H);MS(ESI)m/z 530.20[M+H]+。将Boc保护的中间体E3a(23.6mg,0.05mmol)溶解在DCM(5mL)中,然后添加HCl(4M的二恶烷溶液,50μL,0.5mmol)。将反应在室温下搅拌直至如通过TLC分析判断完成。蒸发溶剂,并将残余物用己烷研磨,得到呈灰白色固体的38盐酸盐(20.6mg,99%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.80(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),7.59(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.54(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.36(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.31–7.17(m,2H),7.03(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),4.23(dd,J=15.1,8.3Hz,1H),3.78(d,J=14.9Hz,1H),2.64(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),1.76(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),1.68(q,J=7.4Hz,1H),1.40(q,J=6.7Hz,1H),1.24(dt,J=10.3,5.8Hz,1H),0.97(t,J=7.4Hz,3H),0.86(t,J=7.1Hz,2H);13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ158.4,143.7,142.5,141.1,140.0,138.4,130.2,129.8,129.6,129.5,127.9,124.7,122.2,57.1,51.1,38.6,37.1,26.4,25.6,14.2,14.0,11.7;MS(ESI)m/z 430.20[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 16.9分钟。
3-[(2S,3S)-2-氨基-3-甲基戊基]-1-甲基-1-苯基-3-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(39)。在氮气下于0℃向N-甲基苯胺(E2b)(10.7μL,0.1mmol)在DCM(1mL)中的溶液中添加三光气(29.6mg,0.1mmol),并将反应在室温下搅拌2小时。将反应用1M HCl淬灭并用DCM(3x 10mL)萃取。将合并的有机层干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩,得到呈无色残余物的对应氨基甲酰氯。在氮气下于0℃向E1a(45.1mg,0.11mmol)、DMAP(2.0mg)和吡啶(16.1μL,0.2mmol)在DCE(5mL)中的溶液中滴加制备的氨基甲酰氯。将反应在90℃下加热12小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温并用DCM(10mL)稀释。将合并的有机层用水(2x 20mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),,并在减压下浓缩。使用EtOAc和己烷对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到Boc保护的脲E3b(17.5mg,32%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.21(dd,J=8.3,6.7Hz,4H),7.01(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),6.92(t,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.83–6.69(m,4H),5.64(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.14(dd,J=14.2,11.7Hz,1H),3.65(td,J=8.1,4.5Hz,1H),3.26(dd,J=14.2,3.8Hz,1H),3.16(s,3H),2.67–2.54(m,2H),1.66(dt,J=15.0,7.5Hz,2H),1.49(s,9H),1.39(q,J=7.8Hz,2H),1.09(dd,J=8.5,5.9Hz,1H),0.97(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),0.92–0.76(m,6H)。按照用于合成38的程序,用4M HCl的二恶烷溶液对Boc基团进行脱保护,得到呈灰白色固体的39盐酸盐(9.6mg,68%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.39(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.31(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.22(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.12–6.88(m,5H),6.84(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),4.06(dd,J=15.3,8.5Hz,1H),3.69(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),3.23(s,3H),3.13(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),2.61(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.66(h,J=7.3Hz,3H),1.33–1.06(m,2H),1.01–0.85(m,6H),0.74(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ163.7,145.8,143.3,142.1,140.2,138.7,130.0,128.5,128.2,127.6,127.4,126.9,56.6,52.1,40.1,38.6,37.3,26.4,25.7,14.1,14.0,11.5;MS(ESI)m/z 444.20[M+H]+;HPLC,>98%,tR 17.6分钟。
3-[(2S,3S)-2-氨基-3-甲基戊基]-1-苄基-3-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(40)。按照用于合成38的程序,以E1a和异氰酸苄酯(E2c)为原料,得到Boc保护的脲E3c(80%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈灰白色固体的40盐酸盐(95%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.75(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.56(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.45(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.32–6.95(m,7H),4.83–4.63(m,1H),4.38–4.18(m,2H),4.12(dd,J=15.4,8.8Hz,1H),3.87–3.54(m,1H),3.27–3.17(m,1H),3.28–3.14(m,1H),2.63(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.83–1.50(m,3H),1.50–1.29(m,1H),1.29–1.07(m,1H),0.96(t,J=7.9Hz,6H),0.86(t,J=7.4Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ160.8,149.7,142.6,141.4,141.1,138.5,130.2,129.8,129.7,129.4,128.2,128.0,127.9,57.4,51.3,45.4,38.6,37.0,26.2,25.7,14.3,14.0,11.6;MS(ESI)m/z 444.40[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 17.0分钟。
3-[(2S,3S)-2-氨基-3-甲基戊基]-1-[(1R)-1-苯乙基]-3-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(41)。按照用于合成38的程序,以E1a和(R)-(+)-α-甲基苄基异氰酸酯(E2d)为原料,得到Boc保护的脲E3d(65%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈白色固体的41盐酸盐(76%产率):1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.73(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.55(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.40(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.32–7.12(m,7H),4.95(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.05(dd,J=15.3,8.7Hz,1H),3.72(dd,J=15.3,2.6Hz,1H),3.23–3.08(m,1H),2.62(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.80–1.51(m,3H),1.46–1.26(m,4H),1.26–1.06(m,1H),0.94(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),0.90(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.82(t,J=7.4Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ158.6,144.4,142.4,141.1,140.1,137.1,128.8,128.4,128.2,126.7,126.5,125.7,55.9,50.6,49.9,37.3,35.7,24.9,24.4,21.4,12.9,12.7,10.3;MS(ESI)m/z 458.30[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 17.5分钟。
3-[(2S,3S)-2-氨基-3-甲基戊基]-1-[(1S)-1-苯乙基]-3-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(42)。按照用于合成38的程序,以E1a和(S)-(-)-α-甲基苄基异氰酸酯(E2e)为原料,得到Boc保护的脲E3e(76%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈白色固体的42盐酸盐(80%产率):1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.75(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.56(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.43(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.30–7.11(m,7H),4.97–4.89(m,1H),4.05(dd,J=15.3,8.8Hz,1H),3.78–3.53(m,1H),3.23–3.14(m,1H),2.62(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.78–1.50(m,3H),1.40–1.29(m,4H),1.21–1.08(m,1H),1.00–0.85(m,6H),0.80(t,J=7.4Hz,3H);MS(ESI)m/z 458.30[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 17.7分钟。
3-[(2S,3S)-2-氨基-3-甲基戊基]-3-(4-己基苯基)-1-[(1S)-1-苯乙基]脲(43)。按照用于合成38的程序,以N-[(2S,3S)-1-[(4-己基苯基)氨基]-3-甲基戊-2-基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯(E1b)和(S)-(-)-α-甲基苄基异氰酸酯(E2e)为原料,得到Boc保护的脲E3f(63%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈白色固体的43盐酸盐(定量产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ6.97–7.37(m,9H),3.96(dd,J=15.26,8.85Hz,1H),3.50–3.69(m,2H),3.49–3.56(m,1H),3.41–3.50(m,1H),3.04–3.15(m,1H),2.57(t,J=7.63Hz,2H),1.45–1.68(m,3H),1.15–1.32(m,10H),1.07(dd,J=15.26,6.97Hz,1H),0.74–0.87(m,4H),0.69(t,J=7.35Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ159.8,145.9,144.8,140.1,131.6,129.5,129.2,127.9,126.8,57.1,51.8,51.0,36.9,36.4,32.8,32.4,30.0,26.3,23.7,22.7,14.4,14.3,11.6;MS(ESI)m/z 424.30[M+H]+;HPLC,>98%,tR 17.7分钟。
1-[(2S,3S)-2-氨基-3-甲基戊基]-3-[(1R,2S)-2-苯基环丙基]-1-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(44)。按照用于合成38的程序,以E1a和[(1S,2R)-2-异氰酸环丙基]苯(E2f)为原料,得到Boc保护的脲E3g(50%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈白色固体的44盐酸盐(60%产率):1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.72(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.54(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.39(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.26(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.20(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.14–7.04(m,3H),4.11(dd,J=15.3,9.0Hz,1H),3.68(dd,J=15.3,2.7Hz,1H),3.26–3.17(m,1H),2.82–2.68(m,1H),2.68–2.54(m,2H),2.02–1.87(m,1H),1.79–1.54(m,3H),1.44–1.30(m,1H),1.25–1.11(m,1H),1.11–1.03(m,2H),1.03–0.87(m,6H),0.83(t,J=7.4Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ160.1,142.4,141.3,141.0,139.9,137.2,128.8,128.4,128.1,127.9,126.5,125.8,125.5,55.8,49.7,37.3,35.7,33.3,25.0,24.4,24.0,15.3,12.9,12.7,10.3;MS(ESI)m/z 470.40[M+H]+;HPLC,>97%,tR 17.6分钟。
1-[(2S,3S)-2-氨基-3-甲基戊基]-3-[(1S,2R)-2-苯基环丙基]-1-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(45)。按照用于合成38的程序,以E1a和[(1R,2S)-2-异氰酸环丙基]苯(E2g)为原料,得到Boc保护的脲E3h(60%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈白色固体的45盐酸盐(95%产率):1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.72(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.55(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.39(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.27(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.20(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.14–7.03(m,3H),4.12(dd,J=15.2,9.0Hz,1H),3.69(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),3.26–3.16(m,1H),2.79–2.67(m,1H),2.62(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.98–1.86(m,1H),1.76–1.57(m,3H),1.45–1.31(m,1H),1.25–1.14(m,1H),1.14–1.04(m,2H),1.02–0.88(m,6H),0.83(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ160.1,142.4,141.3,141.0,140.0,137.2,128.8,128.4,128.2,127.9,126.5,125.8,125.5,55.8,49.7,39.6,37.3,33.3,25.0,24.4,24.3,15.0,12.9,12.7,10.3,MS(ESI)m/z 470.40[M+H]+;HPLC,>95%,tR 17.6分钟。
1-[(2S,3S)-2-氨基-3-甲基戊基]-3-(1-苯基环丙基)-1-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(46)。在室温下将三光气(27mg,0.09mmol)溶解在DCM(1mL)中。将1-苯基环丙烷-1-胺(E2h)(33mg,0.25mmol)和DIPEA(52μL,0.3mmol)在DCM(1mL)中的混合物在5分钟内滴加到上述溶液中。搅拌20分钟后,一次性添加E1a(102mg,0.25mmol)和DIPEA(52μL,0.3mmol)在DCM(1mL)中的溶液。将反应在室温下搅拌2天。将混合物在减压下浓缩,并使用EtOAc的己烷溶液对残余物进行硅胶层析,得到呈澄清残余物的Boc保护的脲E3i(29%产率):MS(ESI)m/z 570.4[M+H]+。用TFA的DCM溶液对Boc基团进行脱保护,得到呈白色固体的46三氟乙酸盐(32mg,76%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.76(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.57(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.44(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.32–7.17(m,6H),7.17–7.06(m,1H),4.06(dd,J=15.2,8.7Hz,1H),3.74(dd,J=15.2,3.1Hz,1H),3.28–3.17(m,1H),2.63(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.85–1.57(m,3H),1.52–1.32(m,1H),1.31–1.05(m,5H),1.03–0.90(m,6H),0.84(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ160.9,144.9,143.7,142.5,141.5,138.6,130.2,129.9,129.6,129.2,127.9,127.0,126.2,57.3,51.3,38.7,37.0,36.4,26.2,25.7,19.1,18.9,14.3,14.1,11.7;MS(ESI)m/z470.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 17.3分钟。
3-[(2S,3S)-2-氨基-3-甲基戊基]-1-[(1S)-1-苯丙基]-3-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(47)。按照用于合成46的程序,以E1a和(1S)-1-苯基丙-1-胺(E2i)为原料,得到Boc保护的脲E3j(46%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈灰白色固体的47盐酸盐(90%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.78(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.59(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.46(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.34–7.24(m,4H),7.24–7.13(m,3H),4.64(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.03(dd,J=15.3,8.6Hz,1H),3.71(dd,J=15.5,2.8Hz,1H),3.27–3.14(m,1H),2.64(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.75–1.59(m,5H),1.46–1.06(m,2H),0.97(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),0.93–0.75(m,9H);13CNMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ160.1,144.9,143.8,142.5,141.5,138.5,130.2,129.9,129.7,129.4,128.0,127.9,127.5,58.5,57.4,51.3,38.7,37.0,30.5,26.3,25.7,14.4,14.1,11.7,11.6;MS(ESI)m/z 472.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 18.1分钟。
3-[(2S,3S)-2-氨基-3-甲基戊基]-1-[(1R)-2-甲氧基-1-苯乙基]-3-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(48)。按照用于合成46的程序,以E1a和(1S)-1-苯基丙-1-胺(E2j)为原料,得到Boc保护的脲E3k(57%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈灰白色固体的48盐酸盐(定量产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.80(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.59(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.50(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.36–7.19(m,7H),5.02(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.16(dd,J=15.2,8.9Hz,1H),3.64(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),3.58–3.44(m,2H),3.30(s,3H),3.26–3.15(m,1H),2.64(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.69(h,J=7.4Hz,3H),1.42–1.30(m,1H),1.26–1.10(m,1H),1.03–0.92(m,6H),0.83(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ160.0,143.8,142.7,141.7,141.2,138.4,130.2,129.9,129.7,129.4,128.4,127.9,127.7,76.5,59.3,57.3,56.1,50.9,38.7,37.1,26.4,25.7,14.2,14.1,11.7;MS(ESI)m/z 488.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR17.4分钟。
1-[(2S,3S)-2-氨基-3-甲基戊基]-3-[(1S)-1-(呋喃-2-基)乙基]-1-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(49)。按照用于合成46的程序,以E1a和(1S)-1-(呋喃-2-基)乙-1-胺(E2k)为原料,得到Boc保护的脲E3l(20%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈灰白色固体的49盐酸盐(55%产率):MS(ESI)m/z 448.40[M+H]+;HPLC,>95%,tR 17.1分钟。
3-[(2S)-2-氨基-4-甲基戊基]-1-[(1S)-1-苯乙基]-3-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(50)。按照用于合成38的程序,以N-[(2S)-4-甲基-1-({4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}氨基)戊-2-基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯(E1c)和(S)-(-)-α-甲基苄基异氰酸酯(E2e)为原料,得到Boc保护的脲E3m(60%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈白色固体的50盐酸盐(90%产率):1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.74(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.55(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.43(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.31–7.10(m,7),4.98–4.88(m,1H),3.95(dd,J=15.2,7.8Hz,1H),3.76(dd,J=15.2,3.0Hz,1H),3.36–3.31(m,1H),2.61(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.74–1.58(m,2H),1.58–1.42(m,2H),1.42–1.24(m,4H),0.94(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),0.88–0.70(m,6H);13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ158.4 150.3,144.6,142.4,141.1,140.4,137.1,128.8,128.4,128.1,126.6,126.5,125.6,52.1,50.6,50.3,39.3,37.3,24.4,24.1,21.3,20.9,12.7;MS(ESI)m/z458.4[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 17.5分钟。
3-[(2R)-2-氨基-4-甲基戊基]-1-[(1S)-1-苯乙基]-3-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(51)。按照用于合成38的程序,以N-[(2R)-4-甲基-1-({4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}氨基)戊-2-基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯(E1d)和(S)-(-)-α-甲基苄基异氰酸酯(E2e)为原料,得到Boc保护的脲E3n(70%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈白色固体的51盐酸盐(90%产率):1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.73(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.54(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.41(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.32–7.12(m,7H),4.93(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.93(dd,J=15.2,7.4Hz,1H),3.80(dd,J=15.1,3.0Hz,1H),3.38–3.30(m,1H),2.61(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.77–1.57(m,2H),1.57–1.44(m,2H),1.44–1.23(m,4H),0.94(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),0.80(d,J=6.0Hz,6H);13CNMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ158.5,144.4,142.4,141.0,140.5,137.1,128.8,128.4,128.1,128.1,126.6,126.5,125.7,52.2,50.6,50.3,39.3,37.3,24.4,24.1,21.4,21.3,20.9,12.7;MS(ESI)m/z 458.35[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 17.6分钟
3-[(2S)-2-氨基丙基]-1-[(1S)-1-苯乙基]-3-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(52)。按照用于合成38的程序,以N-[(2S)-1-({4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}氨基)丙-2-基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯(E1e)和(S)-(-)-α-甲基苄基异氰酸酯(E2e)为原料,得到Boc保护的E3o(65%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈白色固体的52盐酸盐(70%产率):1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.74(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.54(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.42(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.31–7.08(m,7H),4.98–4.88(m,1H),3.97(dd,J=14.9,8.1Hz,1H),3.67(dd,J=14.9,4.1Hz,1H),3.47–3.32(m,1H),2.67–2.44(m,2H),1.78–1.54(m,2H),1.31(t,J=9.3Hz,3H),1.23(t,J=10.4Hz,3H),0.94(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ158.1,144.6,142.4,141.1,140.3,137.2,128.8,128.5,128.3,128.1,126.6,126.5,125.5,53.4,50.5,42.6,37.3,24.4,21.4,15.3,12.7;MS(ESI)m/z 416.20[M+H]+;HPLC,>97%,tR 16.2分钟。
1-[(1S)-1-苯乙基]-3-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}-3-{[(2S)-吡咯烷-2-基]甲基}脲(53)。按照用于合成38的程序,以(2S)-2-[({4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}氨基)甲基]吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯(E1f)和(S)-(-)-α-甲基苄基异氰酸酯(E2e)为原料,得到Boc保护的脲E3p(99%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈白色固体的53盐酸盐(98%产率):1HNMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.77(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),7.57(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.46(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.35–7.10(m,8H),4.94(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),4.26–3.96(m,1H),3.78(d,J=12.6Hz,2H),2.74–2.47(m,2H),2.19–1.82(m,3H),1.68(q,J=7.4Hz,3H),1.36(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.96(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.88(q,J=7.1,6.7Hz,1H);13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ160.0,145.9,143.7,142.4,141.5,138.5,130.1,129.8,129.6,129.4,127.9,127.7,126.9,61.7,52.9,52.0,46.6,38.6,28.5,25.6,24.7,22.5,14.0;MS(ESI)m/z 442.40[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR16.9分钟。
3-[(2R,3R)-2-氨基-3-甲氧基丁基]-1-[(1S)-1-苯乙基]-3-{4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(54)。按照用于合成38的程序,以N-[(2R,3R)-3-甲氧基-1-({4'-丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}氨基)丁-2-基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯(E1g)和(S)-(-)-α-甲基苄基异氰酸酯(E2e)为原料,得到Boc保护的脲E3q(70%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈白色固体的54盐酸盐(83%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.77(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.58(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.45(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.35–7.13(m,7H),4.94(q,J=6.8Hz,1H),4.06(dd,J=15.1,7.3Hz,1H),3.83(dd,J=15.1,3.9Hz,1H),3.45(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),3.29(s,3H),3.20(s,1H),2.64(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.68(h,J=7.3Hz,2H),1.36(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.11(d,J=6.1Hz,3H),0.97(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ159.7,145.9,143.8,142.5,141.6,138.4,130.2,129.8,129.5,129.4,127.9,127.9,126.9,75.0,57.9,56.8,52.0,51.4,38.6,25.7,22.6,15.6,14.0;MS(ESI)m/z 460.25[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 17.0分钟。
3-[(2R,3R)-2-氨基-3-甲氧基丁基]-1-[(1S)-1-苯乙基]-3-{4'-甲基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(55)。按照用于合成38的程序,以N-[(2R,3R)-1-[(4-溴苯基)氨基]-3-甲氧基丁-2-基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯(E1h)和(S)-(-)-α-甲基苄基异氰酸酯(E2e)为原料,得到呈灰白色固体的N-[(2R,3R)-1-[(4-溴苯基)({[(1S)-1-苯乙基]氨基甲酰基})氨基]-3-甲氧基丁-2-基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯(E3r)(52%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.53(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.39–7.00(m,7H),5.13(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),4.98(p,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.74(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),4.29–3.96(m,1H),3.71(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),3.52–3.24(m,2H),3.19(s,3H),1.45(s,9H),1.38(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),1.09(d,J=6.3Hz,3H);MS(ESI)m/z 520.20[M+H]+(79Br),522.20[M+H]+(81Br)。按照用于合成25的程序进行E3r与4-甲基苯基硼酸的Suzuki偶联,得到Boc保护的联苯脲E4a(60%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈白色固体(80%)的55盐酸盐(80%产率):1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.74(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.53(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.42(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.34–7.09(m,7H),4.95–4.88(m,1H),3.80(dd,J=15.2,4.1Hz,1H),3.75–3.52(m,1H),3.42(p,J=6.2Hz,1H),3.27–3.23(m,3H),3.22–3.11(m,1H),2.36(s,3H),1.33(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.08(d,J=6.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ158.3,144.6,141.1,140.2,137.6,136.8,129.4,128.4,128.1,128.1,126.6,126.5,125.6,73.6,56.4,55.4,50.6,50.0,21.3,19.8,14.2;MS(ESI)m/z432.20[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 15.3分钟。
3-[(2R,3R)-2-氨基-3-甲氧基丁基]-1-[(1S)-1-苯乙基]-3-{4'-乙基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(56)。按照用于合成55的程序,以E3r和4-乙基苯基硼酸为原料,得到Boc保护的联苯脲E4b(62%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈白色固体的56盐酸盐(80%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.78(d,J=6.7Hz,2H),7.59(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.46(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.36–7.10(m,9H),4.94(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.83–4.69(m,0H),3.47(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),3.29(s,3H),3.21(s,3H),2.69(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.36(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),1.26(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),1.11(d,J=5.3Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ159.7,145.9,145.4,142.5,141.63,138.4,129.9,129.6,129.5,128.0,128.0,127.0,75.0,57.9,56.9,52.0,51.5,29.5,22.7,16.1,15.7;MS(ESI)m/z 446.20[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 14.4分钟。
3-[(2R,3R)-2-氨基-3-甲氧基丁基]-1-[(1S)-1-苯乙基]-3-{4'-甲氧基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(57)。按照用于合成55的程序,以E3r和4-甲氧基苯基硼酸为原料,得到Boc保护的联苯脲E4c(65%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈白色固体的57盐酸盐(85%产率):1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.72(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.61–7.55(m,2H),7.41(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.30–7.14(m,5),7.04–6.96(m,2H),4.91(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.03(dd,J=15.1,7.5Hz,1H),3.84–3.75(m,4H),3.42(p,J=6.2Hz,1),3.26(s,3H),3.19–3.10(m,1H),1.33(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.08(d,J=6.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ159.9,158.3,144.6,140.8,139.8,132.0,128.2,128.1,128.1,127.8,126.6,125.6,114.1,73.6,56.4,55.4,54.4,50.6,50.0,21.3,14.2;MS(ESI)m/z 448.40[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR 14.5分钟。
3-[(2R,3R)-2-氨基-3-甲氧基丁基]-1-[(1S)-1-苯乙基]-3-{4'-乙氧基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基}脲(58)。按照用于合成55的程序,以E3r和4-乙氧基苯基硼酸为原料,得到Boc保护的联苯脲E4d(69%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈白色固体的58盐酸盐(80%产率):1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.81–7.69(m,2H),7.60(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.51–7.39(m,3H),7.32–7.11(m,6H),7.01(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),4.97–4.90(m,1H),4.08(q,J=6.7Hz,3H),3.82(d,J=14.0Hz,1H),3.45(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.21(s,1H),1.55–1.20(m,7H),1.18–1.03(m,3H),0.93(dd,J=26.8,7.0Hz,1H);13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ160.5,159.7,145.9,142.3,141.2,133.3,129.6,129.5,129.2,128.0,127.0,116.1,75.0,64.7,57.9,56.9,52.0,51.5,22.8,15.8,15.2;MS(ESI)m/z 462.20[M+H]+;HPLC,>98%,tR 15.2分钟。
3-[(2R,3R)-2-氨基-3-甲氧基丁基]-1-[(1S)-1-苯乙基]-3-[4'-(丙-2-基氧基)-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基]脲(59)。按照用于合成55的程序,以E3r和4-异丙氧基苯基硼酸为原料,得到Boc保护的联苯脲E4e(69%产率),然后将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈白色固体的59盐酸盐(80%产率):1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.72(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.56(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.40(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.32–7.10(m,5H),6.97(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),4.91(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.70–4.55(m,1H),4.03(dd,J=15.2,7.5Hz,1H),3.80(dd,J=15.1,3.9Hz,1H),3.48–3.35(m,1H),3.26(s,3H),3.21–3.10(m,1H),1.39–1.24(m,9H),1.08(d,J=6.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ158.3,158.0,144.6,140.9,139.8,131.9,128.1,128.1,127.8,126.6,125.6,116.0,73.6,69.7,56.4,55.4,50.6,50.0,21.3,21.0,14.2;MS(ESI)m/z 476.40[M+H]+:HPLC,>99%,tR 15.7分钟。
3-[(2R,3R)-2-氨基-3-甲氧基丁基]-3-[4-(4-甲基戊-1-炔-1-基)苯基]-1-[(1S)-1-苯乙基]脲(60)。按照用于合成36的程序进行E3r和4-甲基-1-戊-1-炔的Sonogashira偶联,得到Boc保护的(4-甲基戊-1-炔-1-基)苯基脲E4f(75%产率),将其用HCl脱保护,得到呈白色固体的60盐酸盐(75%产率):1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.48(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.33–7.11(m,7H),4.92–4.87(m,1H),3.98(dd,J=15.2,7.4Hz,1H),3.76(dd,J=15.2,4.0Hz,1H),3.38(p,J=6.2Hz,1H),3.25(s,3H),3.18–3.05(m,1H),2.30(d,J=6.5Hz,2H),1.95–1.80(m,1H),1.32(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.11–0.98(m,9H);13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ158.0,144.6,140.5,133.1,128.1,127.7,126.6,125.6,124.2,90.1,73.5,56.4,55.4,50.6,49.8,28.0,27.8,21.2,21.0,14.1;MS(ESI)m/z 422.40[M+H]+;HPLC,>99%,tR15.9分钟。
药理学
材料。细胞培养材料购自Fisher SSI。毛喉素购自西格玛奥德里奇(Sigma-Aldrich)。Lance Ultra试剂盒(TRF0262)购自珀金埃尔默(PerkinElmer)。
LanceTM Ultra cAMP测定使用稳定的PPLS-HA-GPR88 CHO细胞。所有cAMP测定均使用本发明人先前公布的方法进行。参见,例如,Jin等人,Effect of substitution on theaniline moiety of the GPR88 agonist 2-PCCA:synthesis,structure-activityrelationships,and molecular modeling studies.ACS Chemical Neuroscience 2016,7,1418-1432,其关于此类教导的内容通过引用并入本文。制备含有1X Hank平衡盐溶液(HBSS)、5mM HEPES、0.1%BSA稳定剂和0.5mM最终IBMX的刺激缓冲液,并在室温下滴定至pH7.4。将测试化合物(5μL)和300nM毛喉素(5μL)(两者均在2%DMSO/刺激缓冲液中以所需最终浓度的4倍制备)的系列稀释液添加到96孔白色1/2面积微孔板(珀金埃尔默)中。在刺激缓冲液中以所需最终浓度的4倍制备cAMP标准曲线,并将5μL添加到测定板中。稳定的PPLS-HA-GPR88 CHO细胞用versene提起并以270g旋转10分钟。将细胞沉淀重悬于刺激缓冲液中,并向除含有cAMP标准曲线的孔外的每个孔中添加4,000个细胞(10μL)。在室温下孵育30分钟后,按照制造商的说明添加Eu-cAMP示踪剂和uLIGHT-抗cAMP工作溶液。在室温下孵育1小时后,在CLARIOstar多模式读板器(BMG Biotech,北卡罗来纳州凯瑞)上读取TR-FRET信号(激发337nm)。
数据分析。通过从标准cAMP曲线进行插值,将TR-FRET信号(665nm)转换为fmolcAMP。将Fmol cAMP相对于化合物浓度的对数作图,并将数据拟合到三参数逻辑曲线以生成EC50值(Prism,版本6.0,GraphPad Software,Inc.,加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥)。每种测试化合物相对于对照化合物RTI-13951-33的Emax值通过以下等式计算:%对照Emax=(最大测试化合物信号/最大对照信号)x 100。
表1.本公开的选定GPR88激动剂的生物学数据
a pEC50值是一式两份进行的至少三个独立实验的平均值±标准误差。b Emax值是RTI-13951-33最大信号的%(平均值±标准误差)。
参考文献,其中每篇参考文献关于此类各自的背景教导被并入:
1.Rehm,J.;Mathers,C.;Popova,S.;Thavorncharoensap,M.;Teerawattananon,Y.;Patra,J.,Global burden of disease and injury and economic costattributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders.Lancet 2009,373,2223-2233.
2.Thavorncharoensap,M.;Teerawattananon,Y.;Yothasamut,J.;Lertpitakpong,C.;Chaikledkaew,U.,The economic impact of alcohol consumption:asystematic review.Substance abuse treatment,prevention,and policy 2009,4,20.
3.Costardi,J.V.;Nampo,R.A.;Silva,G.L.;Ribeiro,M.A.;Stella,H.J.;Stella,M.B.;Malheiros,S.V.,A review on alcohol:from the central actionmechanism to chemical dependency.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira2015,61,381-387.
4.Bouza,C.;Angeles,M.;Munoz,A.;Amate,J.M.,Efficacy and safety ofnaltrexone and acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence:asystematic review.Addiction 2004,99,811-828.
5.Mizushima,K.;Miyamoto,Y.;Tsukahara,F.;Hirai,M.;Sakaki,Y.;Ito,T.,Anovel G-protein-coupled receptor gene expressed in striatum.Genomics 2000,69,314-321.
6.Van Waes,V.;Tseng,K.Y.;Steiner,H.,GPR88-a putative signalingmolecule predominantly expressed in the striatum:Cellular localization anddevelopmental regulation.Basal Ganglia 2011,1,83-89.
7.Massart,R.;Guilloux,J.P.;Mignon,V.;Sokoloff,P.;Diaz,J.,StriatalGPR88 expression is confined to the whole projection neuron population and isregulated by dopaminergic and glutamatergic afferents.European Journal ofNeuroscience 2009,30,397-414.
8.Ye,N.;Li,B.;Mao,Q.;Wold,E.A.;Tian,S.;Allen,J.A.;Zhou,J.,Orphanreceptor GPR88 as an emerging neurotherapeutic target.ACS ChemicalNeuroscience 2019,10,190-200.
9.Logue,S.F.;Grauer,S.M.;Paulsen,J.;Graf,R.;Taylor,N.;Sung,M.A.;Zhang,L.;Hughes,Z.;Pulito,V.L.;Liu,F.;Rosenzweig-Lipson,S.;Brandon,N.J.;Marquis,K.L.;Bates,B.;Pausch,M.,The orphan GPCR,GPR88,modulates function ofthe striatal dopamine system:a possible therapeutic target for psychiatricdisorders?Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 2009,42,438-447.
10.Quintana,A.;Sanz,E.;Wang,W.;Storey,G.P.;Guler,A.D.;Wanat,M.J.;Roller,B.A.;La Torre,A.;Amieux,P.S.;McKnight,G.S.;Bamford,N.S.;Palmiter,R.D.,Lack of GPR88 enhances medium spiny neuron activity and alters motor-and cue-dependent behaviors.Nature Neuroscience 2012,15,1547-1555.
11.Ben Hamida,S.;Mendonca-Netto,S.;Arefin,T.M.;Nasseef,M.T.;Boulos,L.J.;McNicholas,M.;Ehrlich,A.T.;Clarke,E.;Moquin,L.;Gratton,A.;Darcq,E.;Harsan,L.A.;Maldonado,R.;Kieffer,B.L.,Increased alcohol seeking in micelacking Gpr88 involves dysfunctional mesocorticolimbic networks.BiologicalPsychiatry 2018,84,202-212.
12.Jin,C.;Decker,A.M.;Makhijani,V.H.;Besheer,J.;Darcq,E.;Kieffer,B.L.;Maitra,R.,Discovery of a potent,selective,and brain-penetrant smallmolecule that activates the orphan receptor GPR88 and reduces alcoholintake.Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2018,61,6748-6758.
13.Dzierba,C.D.;Bi,Y.;Dasgupta,B.;Hartz,R.A.;Ahuja,V.;Cianchetta,G.;Kumi,G.;Dong,L.;Aleem,S.;Fink,C.;Garcia,Y.;Green,M.;Han,J.;Kwon,S.;Qiao,Y.;Wang,J.;Zhang,Y.;Liu,Y.;Zipp,G.;Liang,Z.;Burford,N.;Ferrante,M.;Bertekap,R.;Lewis,M.;Cacace,A.;Grace,J.;Wilson,A.;Nouraldeen,A.;Westphal,R.;Kimball,D.;Carson,K.;Bronson,J.J.;Macor,J.E.,Design,synthesis,and evaluation ofphenylglycinols and phenyl amines as agonists of GPR88.Bioorgic&MedicinalChemistry Letters 2015,25,1448-1452.
14.Jin,C.;Decker,A.M.;Langston,T.L.,Design,synthesis andpharmacological evaluation of 4-hydroxyphenylglycine and 4-hydroxyphenylglycinol derivatives as GPR88 agonists.Bioorganic&MedicinalChemistry 2017,25,805-812.
15.Rahman,M.T.;Decker,A.M.;Langston,T.L.;Mathews,K.M.;Laudermilk,L.;Maitra,R.;Ma,W.;Darcq,E.;Kieffer,B.L.;Jin,C.,Design,synthesis,and structure-activity relationship studies of(4-alkoxyphenyl)glycinamides and bioisosteric1,3,4-oxadiazoles as GPR88 agonists.Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2020,63,14989-15012.
16.Rahman,M.T.;Decker,A.M.;Laudermilk,L.;Maitra,R.;Ma,W.;Ben Hamida,S.;Darcq,E.;Kieffer,B.L.;Jin,C.,Evaluation of amide bioisosteres leading to1,2,3-triazole containing compounds as GPR88 agonists:Design,synthesis,andstructure-activity relationship studies.Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2021,64,12397-12413.
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观察到的特异性药理应答可以根据或依据所选择的特定活性化合物或是否存在药物载体以及所采用的调配物的类型和施用模式而变化,并且根据本公开的实践设想了结果的这种预期变化或差异。
尽管本文详细说明和描述了本公开的具体实施例,但本公开不限于此。以上详细描述作为本公开的示例提供,并且不应被解释为构成本公开的任何限制。修改对于本领域技术人员来说将是显而易见的,并且所有不偏离本公开的精神的修改都旨在包含在所附权利要求的范围内。
Claims (26)
1.一种式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中
R1选自由以下项组成的组:氢、C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、C1-10烷氧基、C1-10卤代烷基、NH2、NHC1-10烷基、N(C1-10烷基)2、S(O)C1-10烷基、S(O)2C1-10烷基、NHSO2C1-10烷基、C3-6环烷基、5元至7元杂环、C6-10芳基和C5-10杂芳基;
A1为
c)可以含有一个N杂原子的6元芳香族环;或
d)可以含有一个或两个N杂原子的10元稠合芳香族环系;
X为CH或N;
R2为(CH2)n2-R20;
n2为0、1、2或3;
R20选自由以下项组成的组:氢、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、OH、C1-6烷氧基、卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、NHC1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)2、N3、S(O)C1-6烷基、S(O)2C1-6烷基、NHSO2C1-6烷基、C(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)OC1-6烷基、NHC(O)C1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)C(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)NHC1-6烷基、C(O)N(C1-6烷基)2、CH(NH2)C1-6烷基、CH(N[C1-6烷基]2)C1-6烷基、CH(NH2)C1-6亚烷基-O-C1-6烷基、CH(N[C1-6烷基]2)C1-6亚烷基-O-C1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基、5元至7元杂环、C6-10芳基和C5-10杂芳基;R4为(CH2)n4-R40;
n4为0、1、2或3;
R40选自由以下项组成的组:氢、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、OH、C1-6烷氧基、卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、NHC1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)2、N3、S(O)C1-6烷基、S(O)2C1-6烷基、NHSO2C1-6烷基、C(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)OC1-6烷基、NHC(O)C1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)C(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)NHC1-6烷基、C(O)N(C1-6烷基)2、CH(NH2)C1-6烷基、CH(N[C1-6烷基]2)C1-6烷基、CH(NH2)C1-6亚烷基-O-C1-6烷基、CH(N[C1-6烷基]2)C1-6亚烷基-O-C1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基、5元至7元杂环、C6-10芳基和C5-10杂芳基;L1为
d)二价C3环烷基;
e)[(CRL)2]m;或
f)键
m为0、1、2或3
每个RL独立地选自由以下项组成的组:氢、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、OH、C1-6烷氧基、卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、NHC1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)2、N3、S(O)C1-6烷基、S(O)2C1-6烷基、NHSO2C1-6烷基、C(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)OC1-6烷基、NHC(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)NHC1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基、5元至7元杂环、C6-10芳基和C5-10杂芳基;
A2为
c)含有一个、两个或三个选自O、N或S的杂原子的5元或6元杂芳基环;
或
d)可以含有一个杂原子的6元芳香族环;
R3选自由以下项组成的组:氢、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C1-6烷氧基、卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、NHC1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)2、N3、S(O)C1-6烷基、S(O)2C1-6烷基、NHSO2C1-6烷基、C(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)OC1-6烷基、NHC(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)NHC1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基、5元至7元杂环、C6-10芳基和C5-10杂芳基,其中
每个C3-6环烷基、5元至7元杂环、C6-10芳基和C5-10杂芳基是未取代的或经一个、两个或三个(CH2)0-3RS取代;
并且
每个RS选自由以下项组成的组:C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、OH、C1-6烷氧基、卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、NO2、CN、NH2、NHC1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)2、N3、S(O)C1-6烷基、S(O)2C1-6烷基、NHSO2C1-6烷基、C(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)OC1-6烷基、NHC(O)C1-6烷基、C(O)NHC1-6烷基、未取代的C3-6环烷基、O-未取代的C3-6环烷基、未取代的5元至7元杂环、未取代的C6-10芳基和未取代的C5-10杂芳基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R1为C1-10烷基、C2-10炔基、C1-10烷氧基或C6芳基,其任选地经C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C1-6烷氧基、(CH2)0-3C3-6环烷基或OC3-6环烷基取代。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物,其中R1为C1-10烷氧基或C6芳基,其任选地经C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C1-6烷氧基或(CH2)0-3C3-6环烷基取代。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的化合物,其中A1为苯基。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的化合物,其中X为CH。
6.根据权利要求5所述的化合物,其中n2为1。
7.根据权利要求6所述的化合物,其中R20为OH。
8.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的化合物,其中X为N。
9.根据权利要求8所述的化合物,其中n2为1。
10.根据权利要求9所述的化合物,其中R20为CH(NH2)C1-6烷基、CH(N[C1-6烷基]2)C1-6烷基、CH(NH2)C1-6烷基-O-C1-6烷基或CH(N[C1-6烷基]2)C1-6烷基-O-C1-6烷基。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的化合物,其中R4为H或C1-6烷基。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的化合物,其中L1为二价C3环烷基。
13.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的化合物,其中L1为[C(RL)2]m。
14.根据权利要求13所述的化合物,其中m为1,一个RL为H且一个RL为C1-6烷基。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的化合物,其中A2为苯基。
16.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的化合物,其中R3为氢或C1-6烷基。
17.一种化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其选自由以下项组成的组:
18.一种化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其选自由以下项组成的组:
19.一种治疗有此需要的患者的疾病或障碍的方法,其中G蛋白偶联受体的调节是有益的,所述方法包括施用根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的化合物。
20.根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的化合物在制造用于治疗疾病或障碍的药物中的用途,其中G蛋白偶联受体的调节对有此需要的患者是有益的。
21.根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的化合物,其在治疗其中G蛋白偶联受体的调节对有此需要的患者有益的疾病或障碍中使用。
22.根据权利要求19、20或21所述的方法、用途或使用的化合物,其用于治疗神经障碍。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法、用途或使用的化合物,其中所述神经障碍选自精神病、精神分裂症中的认知缺陷、情感障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍、双相情感障碍、药物成瘾、酒精成瘾、食物成瘾、活动成瘾、帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病中的一种或多种。
24.根据权利要求19、20或21所述的方法、用途或使用的化合物,其用于治疗代谢性疾病。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法、用途或使用的化合物,其中所述代谢性疾病选自肥胖症和糖尿病中的一种或多种。
26.根据权利要求19、20或21所述的方法、用途或使用的化合物,其用于治疗酒精使用障碍。
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