CN1184290A - 一种用智能代理软件执行基于计算机的联机商业的方法和装置 - Google Patents
一种用智能代理软件执行基于计算机的联机商业的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种执行基于计算机的联机商业的方法、计算机程序产品和系统,其中客户计算机发出一个商业请求,有多个服务器计算机能服务所述请求,所述方法由一个智能代理执行,包含的步骤是:接受所述客户计算机的所述请求,考察所述多个服务器计算机的每个服务器计算机的内容关联信息和商务政策,根据所述内容关联信息和所述商务政策,对哪个服务器应当服务该请求作出决定。
Description
本发明涉及基于计算机的联机商业,其中,一个计算机用户将其计算机经计算机网络与许多卖方的计算机相连接,通过该计算机购买商品或服务。
随着计算机连接网络的概念在日常生活中的日益流行,计算机用户间的所谓“联机”交互作用已经开始渗入我们生活中的许多不同领域。其中的一个领域就是商品和服务市场。
过去几年中,对互联网(Internet)这个环球连接的计算机网络的使用、特别是对环球网(World Wide Web)的使用出现了爆炸性的增长。环球网是在互联网之上提供的工具之一,它包含许多信息页面或信息文件,分布于许多不同的服务器计算机系统(server computersystems)。这种页面上存储的信息例如可以是公司组织的详细情况、联系数据、产品数据和公司新闻。这种信息可以以正文、图像、音频数据和视频数据的组合形式提供给用户的计算机系统(“客户计算机系统”一client computer system)。每个页面由一个通用资源定位器(URL-Universal resource Locator)识别。URL既指示服务器机器,又指示该机器上的特定文件或页面。一台服务器上可以驻留许多页面或URL。
客户计算机系统为了使用环球网,运行一个叫做图形Web浏览器的软件,这种软件有WebExplorer(它是IBM公司OS/2操作系统的一部分)或Netscape通信公司(Netscape Communications Corporation)出品的Navigator程序。“WebExplorer”、“OS/2”及“IBM”是国际商用机器公司(International Business Machines Corporation)的商标,而“Navigator”及“Netscape”是Netscape通信公司的商标。客户计算机系统与浏览器交互作用,来选择一个特定的URL,URL接着使浏览器向在URL中确定的服务器发送一个请求,请求该URL或页面。一般来说,服务器对该请求的响应是,检索被请求页面、将该页面的数据传送回发出请求的客户计算机系统(这种客户机/服务器交互作用是按照超文本传输协议(HTTP-Hypertext Transport Protocol)来进行的)。然后,该页面就在客户机的屏幕上为用户显示出来。客户机也可以使服务器启动一个应用程序,例如来检索有关特定主题的WWW页面。
多数环球网的页面是按照一个由超文本标记语言(HTML-hypertext mark-up language)语言编程的计算机程序进行格式化的。该程序含有要通过客户机图形浏览器显示的数据以及告诉该浏览器如何显示该数据的格式命令。这样,一个典型的Web页面包括正文和嵌入式格式命令,后者被称为标签(tags),可用来控制字体尺寸、字体风格(例如斜体还是粗体)、如何设置正文整体显示方式,等等。Web浏览器对该HTML的脚本进行“分析”,以便按照规定的格式来显示正文。HTML标签也被用来指示图形、音频数据和视频数据是如何通过客户机的浏览器向用户表现的。
多数Web页面也含有一个或多个对其它Web页面的引用(references),这些其它Web页面不必与原页面在同一台服务器上。用户选择屏幕上的特定位置,敲击鼠标控制钮,就可以启动这些引用。这些引用或位置叫作超链接(hyperlinks),一般由浏览器以特定方式作出标志(例如一个超链接相关的任何正文可以以一种不同的颜色显示)。如果用户选择了该超链接,则引用的页面就被检索出来,代替当前被显示的页面。
有关超文本标记语言和环球网的更详细内容可参阅DouglasMcArthur著的《环球网与超文本标记语言》(原文名为World Wide Weband HTML,载于“Dr Dobbs Journal”杂志1994年12月期,18~26页)和Ian Graham著的《The HTML SourceBook》(John Wiley1995年纽约版)。
企业(公司)界正在考虑环球网的用途。已经发生的第一个阶段,是各种形式的公司知名度宣传。主页(home page)司空见惯,对于任何希望自己不落伍于当前商务实践的公司,主页是一种不可或缺的工具。宣传材料的内容有销售信息、产品品牌,有的还有产品目录。
正在出现的第二个阶段,是开展商业活动。企业们准备好了通过环球网来开展商务活动。它们正寻求在环球网上来销售其产品和服务。
保障这种趋势向前发展的软件基础设施正在出现。安全金融协议(secure financial protocols)已经定义,并正在实施。防火墙(firewall)技术的运用为企业提供了安全保障,若无这种保障,企业就不会考虑允许对其关键数据的访问。众多网关产品正在问世,为环球网与企业的服务器机器之间的连接提供了便利条件。
因此,许多供应商已经开始在环球网上销售其产品和服务,方法是将他们的产品目录放在其Web页面上,在这种目录中罗列有关各种出售物品和服务的内容关联信息(如产品说明、价格、可获得性)。他们也可以列举其商务政策(business policy)-例如取消政策(cancellation policy)。取消政策规定了如果顾客在作出购买决定后又改变主意时会发生的情况。
如果购买方不借助任何帮助,自己来作这件事,那会有千头万绪,困难重重。这是因为必须与许多不同的竞争供应商联系,才能决定谁能以最优惠的价格提供恰当的产品或服务。若是要同时协调一组相互关连的请求,问题就复杂化了。例如,某购买方可能会同时要预定剧院座位、餐馆座位以及停车位。
所谓的智能代理软件可用于帮助处于这种境地的“联机”购买方。智能代理是模拟一种人类关系的计算机程序,它们替你作原本可由他人为你作的事。例如,美国硅谷新秀General Magic公司开发的Telescript代理软件,支持在计算机网络上开发代理软件来代表人的行为(Telescript是General Magic公司的一个商标)。这种代理软件在被为“地点”的电子场合(服务者)执行各种任务,这些“地点”包括电子邮箱、日历和商场。
Telescript代理充分收集信息,代表客户(即该代理软件为之服务的主人)洽谈业务。代理软件可以按购买方/用户要求进行个别定制,以符合购买方或用户的喜好和愿望。如果在启用代理软件之时的特定的供应者资源和一般的服务者环境条件下,最佳方案不是切实可行,代理软件会采取权宜之计,在这个意义上,代理软件是有智能的。Telescript代理可以被派往电子花商、售票处和餐馆,为计算机网络另一端的客户执行购物过程。Fah-chun Cheong在其所著的《InternetAgents,Spiders,Wanderers,Brokers,and Bots》中详细介绍了这类代理软件,并对它们作了解释(该书1996年由美国印第安那州Indianapolis市的New Rider出版公司出版)。进一步的详细内容可在General Magic的环球网网址上找到(http://www.genmagic.com)。
当Telescript之类的智能代理软件与同种商品或服务的供应商(服务商)进行联系以便决定选择这些竞争的供应商中的哪个来供应客户请求的特定商品或服务时,代理软件只是用供应商提供的“内容关联的”信息来作出决定。就是说,代理软件只看该供应商是否能提供该请求所要求的内容。例如,如果客户请求要租用一个特定的录像带,智能代理软件就在网上寻访多家联机的录像带出租公司,检查每个公司的库存中是否有该指定的录像带。代理软件也考察其它内容关联信息,如出租价格。但是,代理软件不关心这种内容关联信息以外的东西。
因为已知的代理软件只考虑用内容关联信息在多个竞争的供应商中进行抉择,对一个请求进行处理的方式是,代理在决定使用多个竞争的供应商中哪一个时,所费的努力最少。这种最少努力的方式,虽然使代理软件从不得不执行的额外处理步骤中解脱开来,但它并不总是为客户完成最可能好的解决方案。例如,代理软件可能会因为价格而选择一家特定的供应商,却没有考虑该供应商的取消政策,若是客户希望取消,这种抉择可能会对客户产生损失。
还有,已知的智能代理软件未考虑多份请求的部分订单被预定时潜含的后果。那就是,如果在餐馆预订之前定了一张剧院门票,而所定的剧院门票的当晚,所中意的一家餐馆又满座了,就有必要取消剧院预订,这会意味着损失已付定金,这是因为大多数剧院对取消(预订)的不退定金(而大多数餐馆甚至根本就不要求提前付款)。
另一个例子是,一个购买方可能正在试图协调有关进行一次为期两周的国外旅行的一组互相关连的“联机”采购。该购买方可能希望预订的不仅有飞机票,而且还有机场的停车场(或者巴士或火车座位)、饭店、出租车和餐馆。如果代理软件预定了机票、饭店和出租车,后来又会发现,机场的停车场(或者巴士或火车座位)要么满了,要么太不方便,与已定下来的其它预订内容不匹配。这就要求只得再接洽已定下来预订内容的供应商,争取重新商定新的预定。而要重新预订飞机票,不遭受一定的经济损失一般很困难,甚至不可能。
用智能代理软件当前采用的这种预定办法,当必须取消预定时,要收回为预定交易所付的定金通常非常困难。
本发明提供了一种执行基于计算机的联机商业的方法,其中客户计算机发出一个商业请求,有多个服务器计算机能服务所述请求,所述方法由一个智能代理执行,包含的步骤是:接受所述客户计算机的所述请求,考察所述多个服务器计算机的每个服务器计算机的内容关联信息和商务政策,根据所述内容关联信息和所述商务政策,对哪个服务器应当服务该请求作出决定。
在一个较佳实施例中,客户计算机发出的请求由一组互相关连的子请求组成,所述智能代理根据所述内容关联信息和所述商务政策,决定哪个服务器应当服务每个子请求。进一步,每个服务器的商务政策包括该服务器关于一旦该代理软件作出使用该服务器服务某特定子请求后又取消服务的后果的取消条件,所述取消条件的范围在一个使得取消最困难的第一极端条件和一个使得取消最容易的第二极端条件之间;其中进一步,在根据所述内容关联信息初步决定了哪个服务器应当服务哪个子请求之后,所述代理软件对该组请求作出最后决定,其次序是,与一个其取消条件最接近或者说与所述第二极端条件的服务器匹配的那个子请求被优先决定。
按照本发明的其它方面,本发明设计用于执行上述方法步骤的智能代理软件、以及使用执行上述方法步骤的智能代理软件的基于计算机的联机商业系统。
按照一个较佳实施例,对所述该组的剩余请求的最后决定,从所述取消条件的第二极端条件到所述取消条件的第一极端条件按降序进行。还有,所述取消政策的第一极端条件是,不允许退还任何已花费的定金;所述第二极端条件是,允许全额退还任何已花费的定金。
按照该较佳实施例,一旦根据对内容关联信息的考查对哪个服务器应当满足哪个请求作出一个初步决定,此时的该决定还不是最后决定,还没有与任何服务器作出最后约定(commitment)。相反,各约定是按一定的次序作出的。首先,作最容易取消的约定。最后,在容易取消的约定作出之后,再作出取消起来更困难的约定。这样,当为了适合其它约定、不得不回头来试图解除一个约定时的困难度得到了最小化。如果一个容易取消的约定,对一个在后考虑的更难取消的约定造成不方便时,可以简单地取消该容易取消的约定,由代理软件再行预定,而不招致任何损失。
下面参考以下的附图详细说明本发明的较佳实施例:
附图l表示按照一个较佳实施方案应用本发明方法的一个基本系统配置;
附图2是一个显示智能代理软件所执行步骤的流程图,表示了按照本发明一个较佳实施方案的一个联机商业的具体例子。
附图3是按照本发明一个较佳实施例,智能代理软件所执行步骤的流程图。
如附图1所示,本发明一个较佳实施例中,有一个运行Web浏览器、并与互联网2连接的客户计算机系统l。多个服务器计算机系统3A-3N也与互联网2连接,以一种已知方式运行Web浏览器软件。另有一个计算机系统4,它运行智能代理软件。该软件可存储在例如硬盘上或系统4的半导体内存中。客户系统1首先与代理系统4通信,后者依次联络服务器3A~3N。应当注意,代理软件并不是只能在独立的计算机系统4上运行,它也能在客户系统1上运行,或者在服务器3A~3N其中之一上运行。
计算机系统4上运行的代理软件,为客户计算机系统1执行一组关连的商务事务处理。客户计算机系统1向其代理软件系统4发出一个请求,该请求促使该代理软件访问服务器3A~3N,考察它们的服务、价格体系及商务政策,并代表客户系统1执行该组商务事务处理。
商务事务处理
商务事务处理的特点是:
它是多重的而又独立的传统事务处理(本地的和/或分布式的),
*它产生潜在的时间窗口(the potential for time windows),在时间窗口期间,该总体商务事务处理的某个(些)部分可表现出完整性,
*它们通常持续较长的时间(甚至数周到数月的时间),
*并且涉及分布广泛的环境。
商务事务处理的一个典型例子是长期停车的情形,其中有若干独立于时间的阶段,即:
*启动该服务(进入停车场),
*终止该服务(离开停车场,启动支付服务款,例如通过支票或信用卡),
*清算服务款(通过客户的银行),以及
*帐目平衡(accounting reconciliation)(在停车商务内部)。
这个例子也显示了主要交互作用的分离,首先,为请求和获得产品或服务,顾客与供应商之间的分离;其次,为转移拨付服务款,代表顾客和供应商的金融机构之间的分离。
值得注意的是,至少在理论上,上述的第二阶段不必牵涉顾客或供应商任一方。
假设停车场情况是种“独立的”商务,这“请求该产品”的阶段涉及的仅仅是消费者与供应商之间的直接交互。然而,非常容易想象,这种活动只是某些更大型商务事务处理的一部分,这种商务事务处理例如还涉及预订飞机票、饭店及其它与旅行相关的商品。
一个个人消费者可能会选择与独立供应商进行每个不同和独立的交易,以便安排满足全套要求所需的所有要素。然而,随着整套交易内容复杂度的增加,该个人很可能会希望将该组织工作的部分或全部委托给某个代理人。
正如我们将要看到的,无论是个人还是代理负责组合各种要素,供应商的商务政策影响着整套交易的构造策略。
代理策略
设想一种情况,某个人想组织一次晚间外出活动,假设要包括预订一个剧院和一家餐馆。这就隐含要同时满足三个条件,即:
1)该人要有空;
2)(希望的)剧院有空座(价格适当);
3)(希望的)餐馆有空座(还是要价格适当)。
然而,剧院的商务政策规定要求订座付款,门票售出后不退。另一方面,餐馆业是顾客先消费后付款,因而接受取消(毕竟,这比“不露面”好)。在这些情况下,该组织人应采取什么策略呢?
如果合适的餐馆个数比剧院多,看起来自然是先预订剧院票,再从这几家可能的餐馆中定一家餐馆的座。然而,这种方法根据的是统计学意义上的成功机会。尽管实际生活中可能行之有效,但这种策略具有冒险性,因为要是这几家可能选择的餐馆都不能接受订座的话,就等于该组织人定的是一张不再需要的剧院门票,要挽回其经济损失是困难的。因此本申请人发现,就减少挽回经济损失的麻烦而言,预订餐馆后再预订剧院更好。因为剧院才是对该组织人限制条件最苛刻的一方。
附图2是一例软件程序步骤,代理计算机系统4要执行这些步骤,以最大限度地减少完全取消预定的、与晚上去剧院关连的一组商务事务处理的损失。客户请求会包括-例如,客户是希望看特定一个剧院的特定一出表演还是随便哪个剧院的特定一类演出(例如喜剧)。该请求也要通知代理所希望的餐馆类型。该请求也有一个客户最容易接受的日期或日期范围。
代理接收到客户请求就作出响应,开始其例行程序。步骤201,代理软件接收客户的请求,分析其内容。作为该分析的一部分,可以核查此人哪些天有空闲(方法是检查通过客户计算机系统1上的一个个人信息管理器软件程序存储的该个人的电子日记)以确证此人在请求中规定的日子确实有时间。步骤202,代理软件4检查代表提供剧院和餐馆服务的公司的服务器3A~3N,审阅它们的服务内容和商务政策。其目的是检查每个服务器的服务内容和商务政策,看看该服务器在多大程度上满足该客户请求的适当部分。例如,要检查剧院服务器,看看它们是否有所要求的演出类型和剧院类型,剧院在客户有空的日期是否有空座。对餐馆服务器的检查也类似。代理软件也检查商务政策,以确定哪个服务器在价格、质量等方面最优惠的。
下一个步骤203,代理软件根据在前面步骤中收集的数据,选择在客户能接受的日期最适当的餐馆和剧院服务器。此时,初步决定了要使用哪些服务器。将这些被选择的服务器及日期在内存中存储起来,不对任何服务器作出最后的约定。
步骤204,代理软件4审查每个服务器的商务政策的特定一项,即取消商务政策。剧院的该项政策通常会是,取消预定,概不退款。钱就简单地留在剧院。另外一方面,餐馆通常的政策是不要求提前预付款,所以客户(或代理软件)在取消整体各组交易的这部分时没有损失。步骤205,按照取消政策的严厉程度,将被选的各服务器排队。餐馆被排在队列的前面,因为餐馆的取消政策最不严厉;剧院被排在队列的后面,因为剧院的取消政策最严厉。
步骤206,在步骤203中初步被选择的餐馆服务器被预定,因为与其它在步骤203中被初选服务器(本例中是剧院)相比,该服务器的取消政策最不严厉。然后是步骤207,在步骤203中被选择的剧院服务器被预定。
显然,这是相当“纯粹的”逻辑,实际应用中,组织者会作出某些优化,例如只根据个人的空闲日期处理剧院,就是说,该组织者则要猜测哪家餐馆有空座(或者选择一家餐馆)。这极大地简化了该逻辑,因为这可能会将整个过程减缩到与剧院进行一次交易。
该逻辑解释了在更复杂的商务情况中的一些要点:
1.对特定服务进行查询和预订之间的时间窗口产生了这样的可能,即当客户最后试图进行预订时,该服务的可获得性状态发生改变。例如,在客户查询时剧院指出某场特定演出尚有空座可订,然后,到该客户要求预订时(此前又查询了含有整体要求的其它服务项),那些空座可能已经给了其它客户。(这是因为在查询的时刻没有“全力以赴地”争取预订。值得注意的是,如果该服务器具有同时处理多个查询的能力,那么即使是在查询呼叫期间进行的预订可能也不足以是“全力以赴的”。)
2.事实上,该商务事务处理是若干个独立的小型事务处理,每个小型事务处理都以增量方式将其保证增加到该整体事务处理中。
3.按照从约束条件最轻到约束条件最重的次序作出约定的原则,这个概念的含义是,在作出一连串约定时的任何阶段,在前作出的约定意味着要作出改变所需的努力较少。
相应地,若是代理希望挽回损失(recovery)所需努力最少,它就会寻求这样一种策略来对所需服务进行约定,即按照作出变化所需努力的程度的升高的顺序,从作出改变所需努力最小的服务开始,至作出改变所需努力最大的服务。
申请人发现,对各种供应商的取消政策要有所考虑,这是为了避免不得不再接触某已预定服务的供应商,争取取消该请求并得到退款的问题,这种问题产生的原因通常是,其它服务请求不能方便地与该已预定服务匹配。
下面是一些命令的例子,代理软件在(如在上述例中的步骤202和步骤204中)对每个服务器的内容关联信息及商务政策进行审阅期间要向服务器发出这些命令:
* Inquire_Server_Capabilities(查询_服务器_能力)
确定某服务器支持的功能。
* Inquire_Server_Policies(查询_服务器_政策)
确定该服务器的商务政策,例如该服务器是否提供“取消信用”(credit on cancellation)。这种信息使代理软件能决定其与该服务器打交道的策略。
* Inquire_Goods/Service/Availability/Cost(查询_产品/服务/可获得性/费用)
提供关于某服务器所提供物品/服务的详细内容以及某物品和/或服务的可获得性和/或价格。
* Inquire_Booking/Reservation/Waitlisted_Reservation (查询_预定/预订/等待列表内的_预订)
返回一特定订单的当前状态。
* Make_Reservation(作出_预订)
准备向服务器发订单,该订单可以随后被确认或取消。服务器的商务条款以及条件中对预订有一个隐含的中止期限。
* Cancel_Reservation(取消_预订)
取消一个预订(等同于对一个已准备的服务器的“滚回”(rollback)命令)。
* Confirm_Reservation(确认_预订)
确认一个预订(等同于对一个已准备的服务器的“提交”(commit)命令)。
* Cancel_Booking(取消预定)
取消一个确认的定单
* Make_Booking(作出_预定)
建立一个已确认的预订。逻辑上这等同于一个Make_Reservation后紧接着一个Confirm_Reservarion,其区别是Make_Booking是一种全力以赴(atomic)的行动(就是说,不存在分开这两个操作的时间窗口)。
* Make_Waitlisted_Reservation(作出_等待列表中的_预订)
将被置于关于该服务器接受订单能力的报告中。
* Cancel_Waitlisted_Reservation(取消_等待列表中的_预订)
从等待列表中撤去一个潜在的订单。
附图3表示代理软件4执行的软件步骤的一个较佳实施例的一个概括性的流程图(不涉及具体的商务内容)。首先在步骤301,来自客户1的请求被代理软件4接收。步骤302,代理软件4审阅能满足该客户请求的不同部分的服务器3A~3N的内容关联信息的细节和商务政策。
然后在步骤303,代理软件4只用内容关联信息来初步决定,对客户总体请求的各个部分,哪些服务器最适合。将这些服务器与其它服务器分隔开来,方法例如是将这些服务器的服务标识存储于代理软件4的内存中。下一步在步骤304,检查步骤303中所选各服务器的取消商务政策。步骤305,将这些服务器按照取消商务政策的严厉程度排队。取消商务政策最不严厉的服务器的标识排在首位,其后是取消商务政策同等严厉程序的服务者标识,其后是取消商务政策次不严厉的服务器的标识,队列中的最后成员是取消商务政策最严厉的服务器的标识。
步骤306~308,代理软件4按在队列中出现的先后次序接触该队列中的每个服务器,按照服务器在队列中的先后,与它们最终完成交易。就是说,代理软件首先(步骤306)接触取消商务政策最不严厉的服务器,执行必要的步骤,与该服务器最终完成交易(例如向服务器提供信用卡号码和到期日,告诉该服务器该客户希望使用该服务器)。代理软件然后接触队列中的下一个服务器(步骤307)按类似方式进行处理。步骤308,代理软件检查队列中是否还有剩余的服务器。如果有,控制循环返回到步骤307;如果没有,控制程序结束,代理软件将最后的预定结果通知客户。
尽管以上叙述的是本发明关于一组相互关连的请求(子请求)的一个较佳实施例,本发明的应用范围并不止于此,它也涉及对单一请求,由智能代理软件根据除了内容关联信息之外的商务政策,决定选择哪个供应商来满足该请求的情形。例如,也可以将本发明设计为包括附图3中的前两个步骤301与302加上改进的步骤3,后者根据各供应商/服务器提供的内容关联详细信息(物品/服务的详细内容)和商务政策,最终决定使用哪个服务器来满足该请求。
同样,尽管较佳实施例是通过在环球网环境中加以说明的,其它电子商业环境也应被认为不超出本发明的应用范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种执行基于计算机的联机商业的方法,联机商业中的一个客户计算机发出一个商业请求,有多个服务器计算机可服务该请求,所述方法由一个智能代理执行,该方法包含以下步骤:
从所述客户计算机接收所述请求;
审阅所述多个服务器计算机中每个服务器计算机的内容关联信息和商务政策;
根据所述内容关联信息和商务政策,决定哪个服务器来服务该请求。
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,客户计算机发出的请求由一组相互关连的子请求组成,所述智能代理根据所述内容关联信息和所述商务政策,决定每个子请求应由哪个服务器来服务。
3.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,每个服务器的所述商务政策包括该服务器关于一旦该智能代理作出使用该服务器服务某特定子请求后又取消服务的后果的取消条件,所述取消条件的范围在一个使得取消最困难的第一极端条件和一个使得取消最容易的第二极端条件之间。
4.权利要求3的方法,其特征在于,在根据所述内容关联信息初步决定了哪个服务器应当服务哪个子请求之后,所述智能代理对该组请求作出最后决定,其次序是,与一个其取消条件最接近或就是所述第二极端条件的服务器匹配的那个子请求被优先决定。
5.权利要求4的方法,其特征在于,对所述该组的剩余子请求的最后决定,从所述取消条件的第二极端条件到所述取消条件的第一极端条件按降序进行。
6.权利要求3的方法,其特征在于,所述第一极端条件是,不允许退还任何已花费的定金;所述第二极端条件是,允许全额退还任何已花费的定金。
7.一种执行基于计算机的联机商业的智能代理,联机商业中的一个客户计算机发出一个商业请求,有多个服务器计算机可服务该请求,所述智能代理包含:
从所述客户计算机接收所述请求的装置;
审阅所述多个服务器计算机中每个服务器计算机的内容关联信息和商务政策的装置;
根据所述内容关联信息和商务政策、决定哪个服务器来服务该请求的装置。
8.一个执行基于计算机的联机商业的系统,联机商业中的一个客户计算机发出一个商业请求,有多个服务器计算机可服务该请求,所述系统中有一个智能代理,它包含:
从所述客户计算机接收所述请求的装置;
审阅所述多个服务器计算机中每个服务器计算机的内容关联信息和商务政策的装置;
根据所述内容关联信息和商务政策、决定哪个服务器来服务该请求的装置。
9.权利要求8的系统,其特征在于,客户计算机发出的请求由一组相互关连的子请求组成,所述作出决定的装置,根据所述内容关联信息和所述商务政策,决定每个子请求应由哪个服务器来服务。
10.权利要求9的系统,其特征在于,所述每个服务器的商务政策包括该服务器关于一旦智能代理作出使用该服务器服务某特定子请求后又取消服务的后果的取消条件,所述取消条件的范围在一个使得取消最困难的第一极端条件和一个使得取消最容易的第二极端条件之间。
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- 1997-11-14 JP JP31361197A patent/JPH10162056A/ja active Pending
- 1997-11-17 EP EP97309215A patent/EP0845748A3/en not_active Withdrawn
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CA2219014A1 (en) | 1998-05-28 |
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KR19980041785A (ko) | 1998-08-17 |
MY115565A (en) | 2003-07-31 |
GB2319862A (en) | 1998-06-03 |
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