CN1182350A - 内装含杀虫剂的载体材料的透气性防蛀虫药囊 - Google Patents
内装含杀虫剂的载体材料的透气性防蛀虫药囊 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/18—Vapour or smoke emitting compositions with delayed or sustained release
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明记叙了一种防止织物受损害用的防蛀药囊,该药囊由透气性口袋中,装填了浸渍过杀蛀虫活性物质的细散颗粒状载体材料构成。
Description
本发明涉及一种垫状防蛀虫(moth)用的制品。为预防蛀蚀起见，人们通常使用诸如以纤维素为基料的片状物，例如浸渍过杀虫活性物质的纸片。这种防蠹纸挂在衣柜中，经在封闭空间中缓慢释放活性物质，将可能进入柜内的蛀虫杀死。
这种片状物的缺点是，根据开始使用时的初始浓度差，蒸发速度非常高，并随着时间的推移而下降，结果是，一方面，防蛀纸的药效持续时间受到限制，另一方面，为了保证一种可接受的药效持续时间，浸渍须以如此的高浓度进行，以致在释放药量降至有效性极限之前，用量过度数倍。
本发明兹建议，以杀虫剂蒸发表面积大的细散载体材料作为杀虫剂的载体材料，并将其包装在一种透气性口袋中。
因此，本发明的主题是，一种防蛀虫药囊，该药囊包括一种透气性口袋和填装于该口袋内、浸渍过杀虫剂的细散载体材料。
本发明防蛀药囊提供了大的杀虫剂覆盖面积和大的细散载体材料蒸发面积，并以透气性口袋的形式，提供了比该蒸发面积小的杀虫剂与周围环境之间的交换表面积。杀虫剂从载体材料颗粒表面蒸发到颗粒之间的空隙中，根据颗粒的这种包装，与周围环境只有很小的气体交流。由于颗粒间空隙为已蒸发杀虫剂所饱和，蒸发速度受到限制，从而不产生扁平状防蛀纸情况下所观察到的超剂量。因此，有了本发明防蛀药囊，就可在非常长的时间间隔之内极其均匀地释放生物活性物质。
优选地是，将本发明防蛀药囊挂在衣柜内挂衣杆上衣服之间。本发明防蛀药囊的再一个效果就是，假如该防蛀药囊发生运动，例如在取下或挂进衣服时，防蛀药囊内部的高度饱和气氛与周围环境发生强烈交换。因此，衣柜内杀虫剂生物活性物质短暂药量不足，经孔眼处的气体交换而得以补偿。
适于用作细散载体材料的是，例如EP-B 279 325(第5页第55-59行)中提及的有机及无机载体材料如高岭土、粘土、滑石、白垩、石英、纤维状活性白土、蒙脱土、硅藻土、高分散度硅酸、氧化铝、硅酸盐、方解石、大理石、浮石、海泡石、白云石、锯屑、椰子壳、玉蜀黍穗轴和烟草茎。优选的是，载体材料的粒度应当在0.1mm至2mm的范围之内，尤其优选在0.3mm至1.5mm的范围之内。另外，已知的作为低释放组合物、来源广泛的天然及合成的、以层格结构为主的矿物材料，例如在EP-B 90992和EP-A 541 358中已公开的那些物质也适用。适于用作杀虫剂活性物质的是那些在室温下具有足够高的蒸汽压的生物活性物质，例如磷酸酯类：敌敌畏、杀螟松、马拉硫磷、毒杀蜱(Chlorpyrifor)、地亚农、甲基密啶磷；氨基甲酸酯类：残杀威、呋喃丹、西维因与苯噁威；以及合成除虫菊酯类：氟氯氰菊酯、四甲菊酯、丙烯菊酯、烯炔菊酯、环戊烯丙菊酯、苄呋菊酯、S-生物烯丙菊酯、腈二氯苯醚菊酯，甲体氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、二氯苯醚菊酯、transfluthrin及其混合物。
生物活性物质尤其优选地是20℃时蒸汽压约为4×10-6mbar的Transfluthrin(一种菊酯类杀虫剂)。
特别优选的载体材料是以纤维素为基料的载体材料，例如棉无纺织物形式的棉或者褶皱棉织物、碎纸等等。尤其优选的是锯末，例如尤其用于造纸工业的锯末。
适于用作织物袋的尤其是纺织物、纱或无纺纸。
为制造本发明药囊起见，用活性成分，优选用一种溶于某种溶剂的生物活性物质浸渍载体材料，并接着装填到适当的口袋中，然后再经缝合或粘接，将口袋封闭。
适用的溶剂为醇类，例如乙醇、丙醇及异丙醇，乙二醇醚类，例如乙二醇丁醚，以及丙二醇醚类，例如丙二醇丁醚，另外还有酮类，例如丙酮，高级酮，例如甲基·乙基酮及甲基·异丁基酮。
为了更好地控制载体材料上生物活性物质被覆的均匀性，可用一种相宜的染料将生物活性物质溶液染色。适宜的染料例如为苏丹蓝670，该染料可从BASF股份公司(联邦德国路得维希港市)购得。
此外，还可以譬如用注射针头，将生物活性物质溶液，在事后注射到装有载体材料的封闭口袋中。
最后，也可以从外面将生物活性物质溶液涂于口袋上，此时，在通常的运输或贮存期间，将溶液经气密包装后分配。
本发明中优选使用的载体材料是锯末。优选使用那些可专供造纸工业用的锯末类型。
不过，现已发现，以异丙醇作溶剂时，常规可供使用形式的锯末是合适的载体材料。经在120℃烘箱中处理过夜后，也可用其它溶剂达到主要的杀蠹结果。此效果归因于锯末的含水量。看来，基于含水量与一系列溶剂的协合作用，锯末易于剧烈泡涨，泡涨时，溶剂中所溶的生物活性物质被闭锁在锯末中，致使生物活性物质不能再从锯末表面蒸发出来。
以锯末为载体材料，还要求预先将锯末干燥，优选使水分含量降到2％以下，尤其优选使之低于0.5％。按照本发明，却可优选将锯末同用作生物活性物质的溶剂异丙醇结合起来一起使用，因为在此情况下，通常存在于供货状态锯末中、介于15％(重量)与20％(重量)之间的含水量并不会降低本发明防蛀药囊的作用。
按照本发明，以每年每立方米柜子容积消耗40至100mgTransfluthrin的量，可成功地确保衣物不受蛀蚀。此外，生物活性物质经其释放到柜子空间的、防蛀药囊透气性口袋的表面积应约为40至70cm2每立方米柜子容积。
视环境温度下生物活性物质的作用和蒸汽压而定，对于其它的生物活性物质而言，可能会得出另外的防蛀药囊尺寸数据。
载体颗粒之间空隙中的气氛，在生物活性物质完全用尽之前，实际上大致均衡地保持饱和，从而使生物活性物质大致恒定地透过口袋释放出来。
实施例
以锯末作载体，这种锯末可从J.Rettenmeier父子公司(联邦德国Rosenberg-Holzmuehle)以商品名LIGNOCELLTYP5购得。该锯末的粒度分布为97％(重量)＜1.5mm且3％(重量)＜0.6mm。该锯末供货状态的含水量约为17％(重量)。
按每份6g称取锯末。
将分份后的一部分锯末加以干燥，使水分含量小于0.5％(重量)。
分别用丙酮、丙二醇正丁醚(PnB)和异丙醇作溶剂制备各含10.6％(重量)Transfluthrin的生物活性物质溶液。向各锯末份中掺加0.24ml的生物活性物质溶液，并与之充分混合。接着，将各锯末份装填到纱口袋中，并将口袋密合。
为试验有效性起见，用衣鱼幼虫、Tineola bisseliella L2-3以及火腿皮蠹幼虫Attagenus piceus L3-6作为试验动物。
用尺寸为深625mm、宽523mm及高1699mm、容积相当于0.555m3的试验柜作为试验环境。柜子的中间高度上用一块木板隔开，所留的180mm宽缝隙可使柜子被隔开的上下两半部分之间进行空气交流。柜顶下30mm处安置一根中间部分平行于开口的棒，衣架可挂在该棒上。在该棒的中间部位，各挂有一个药囊。在防蛀药囊的左右将织物挂在衣架上，但不使防蛀药囊与之接触。所述织物是本白毛织物(100％羊毛)。用一个未挂防蛀药囊的柜子进行对比。
首先，防蛀药囊悬挂后一星期，然后每星期后数星期—如下列各表所示—将试验动物置于5×5cm大小的布料上，并放置在位于柜子内一半高度上的板上。
衣鱼幼虫及火腿皮蠹幼虫以杀死效果来评定，而衣料则以蛀蚀或蛀孔来评定。
试验结果列于下列各表中。
表1
试验用动物：Tineola bisselliella L2-3
活性物质：25mg Transfluthrin/0.555m3
温度：25-28℃；相对湿度38-68％
| 溶剂 | 载体％H2O | 按下列周数后以试验动物进行的评定 | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 19 | ||
| 丙酮 | 17 | 6dF+ | 2do.B. | 6dF | 1do.B. | 13do.B. | ||||
| 丙酮 | 0.5 | 1do.B. | 1do.B. | 2do.B. | 1do.B. | 1do.B. | 1do.B. | 1do.B. | 2do.B. | 1do.B. |
| PnB | 17 | 2do.B. | 2do.B. | 2do.B. | 1do.B. | 13do.B. | ||||
| PnB | 0.5 | 1do.B. | 2do.B. | 1do.B. | 1do.B. | 1do.B. | 2do.B. | 2do.B. | 1do.B. | 1do.B. |
| 异丙醇 | 17 | 1do.B. | 1do.B. | 1do.B. | 1do.B. | 1do.B. | 1do.B. | 1do.B. | 1do.B. | 1do.B. |
| 对照组 | - | 0％F+ | 5％F+ | 5％F+ | 15％F+ | 0％F+ | 20％F+ | 0％F+ | 5％F+ | 0％F+ |
评定：上行数据： 100％杀死的天数(d)
或者 13天后杀死的％数
下行数据：：蛀坏程度：F＝1至4个蛀孔
F+＝＞5个蛀孔
o.B.＝未见
表 2
试验用动物：Attagenus piceus L3-6
活性物质：25mg Transfluthrin/0.555m3
温度：25-28℃；相对湿度38-68％
| 溶剂 | 载体％H2O | 按下列周数后以试验动物进行的评定 | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 19 | ||
| 丙酮 | 17 | 5％F+ | 10％F+ | 40％o.B. | 55％F+ | |||||
| 丙酮 | 0.5 | 13do.B. | ..do.B. | 6do.B. | 13do.B. | 13do.B. | 2do.B. | 2do.B. | 13do.B. | 6do.B. |
| PnB | 17 | 50％F+ | 60％F+ | 55％o.B. | 70％F+ | |||||
| PnB | 0.5 | 13do.B. | 6do.B. | 2do.B. | 2do.B. | 6do.B. | 13do.B. | 2do.B. | 6do.B. | 13do.B. |
| 异丙醇 | 17 | 13do.B. | 6do.B. | 2do.B. | 2do.B. | 13do.B. | 2do.B. | 6do.B. | 13do.B. | 13do.B. |
| 对照组 | - | 0％F+ | 0％F+ | 0％F+ | 0％F+ | 0％F+ | 0％F+ | 0％F+ | 0％F+ | 0％F+ |
评定：上行数据： 100％杀死的天数(d)
或者 13天后杀死的％数
下行数据：蛀坏程度：F＝1至4个蛀孔
F+＝＞5个蛀孔
o.B.＝未见
Claims (7)
1.杀蛀虫药囊，该药囊由透气性口袋中，装填了浸渍过杀蛀虫活性物质、比表面积为0.05-10cm2/g的细散颗粒状载体材料构成，其中杀蛀虫活性物质的蒸汽压至少为10-6mbar。
2.根据权利要求1所述的杀蛀虫药囊，其中以锯末作载体。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的杀蛀虫药囊，其中以杀蠹剂Transfluthrin作杀蛀虫活性物质。
4.制造权利要求1至3中任何一项所述杀蛀虫药囊的方法，其特征在于，将比表面积为0.05-10cm2/g的载体材料浸以杀蛀虫活性物质的溶液，而且杀蛀虫活性物质的蒸汽压为10-6mbar，将浸渍过的载体材料装在透气袋中，并将该口袋封闭。
5.制造权利要求1至3中任何一项所述杀蛀虫药囊的方法，其特征在于，将比表面积为0.05-10cm2/g的载体材料装在透气袋中，缝闭该口袋，并将载体材料浸以杀蛀虫活性物质的溶液。
6.根据权利要求4或5中任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于，以锯末作载体，以异丙醇作杀蛀虫活性物质的溶剂。
7.根据权利要求4或5中任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于，以残余水分小于2％(重量)的锯末作载体。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19514948A DE19514948C2 (de) | 1995-04-24 | 1995-04-24 | Mottenbekämpfungskissen |
| DE19514948.3 | 1995-04-24 |
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| CN1182350A true CN1182350A (zh) | 1998-05-20 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN96193484A Pending CN1182350A (zh) | 1995-04-24 | 1996-04-11 | 内装含杀虫剂的载体材料的透气性防蛀虫药囊 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0824312A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH11504022A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1182350A (zh) |
| AR (1) | AR001669A1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU5500396A (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9608023A (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE19514948C2 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1996033610A1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA963216B (zh) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101718042B (zh) * | 2009-11-24 | 2011-09-21 | 上海公泰纺织制品有限公司 | 防虫面料及其制备方法 |
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| DE202005016648U1 (de) * | 2005-10-21 | 2006-02-09 | Aris Handels Gmbh | Kennzeichnungsfreies-Mottenschutzpapier |
| CN105454224B (zh) * | 2016-01-26 | 2017-11-17 | 刘圣泉 | 一种用于无人机施用的农药及其制备方法 |
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| LU71378A1 (zh) * | 1974-11-27 | 1976-09-06 | ||
| DE3325826A1 (de) * | 1983-07-18 | 1985-01-31 | Dr. Werner Freyberg Chemische Fabrik Delitia Nachf., 6941 Laudenbach | Beutel zur aufnahme ausgasungsfaehiger schaedlingsbekaempfungsmittel |
| GB2150834B (en) * | 1983-10-08 | 1988-03-23 | Fumakilla Ltd | Pest control sheet and device for indicating the termination of its effectiveness |
| JPS6156109A (ja) * | 1984-08-25 | 1986-03-20 | Dainippon Jiyochiyuugiku Kk | 衣料用防虫剤 |
| DE3531795A1 (de) * | 1985-09-06 | 1987-03-12 | Celamerck Gmbh & Co Kg | Mottenschutzmittel und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
| JPS62283903A (ja) * | 1986-06-02 | 1987-12-09 | S T Kagaku Kk | 防虫剤 |
| JPS63101301A (ja) * | 1986-10-16 | 1988-05-06 | Fumakiraa Kk | 薬剤包装体 |
| JPS63126803A (ja) * | 1986-11-14 | 1988-05-30 | S T Kagaku Kk | 防虫剤 |
| DE3705224A1 (de) * | 1987-02-19 | 1988-09-01 | Bayer Ag | (+)1r-trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorvinyl) -cyclopropancarbonsaeure-2,3,5,6- tetrafluorbenzylester |
| JPH0640833A (ja) * | 1991-10-11 | 1994-02-15 | Yamamuro:Kk | 木材粉挟持シート |
| JP3248244B2 (ja) * | 1992-06-26 | 2002-01-21 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | 衣料用防虫剤 |
| JPH07179313A (ja) * | 1993-12-21 | 1995-07-18 | Dainippon Jochugiku Co Ltd | 防虫剤組成物 |
-
1995
- 1995-04-24 DE DE19514948A patent/DE19514948C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-04-11 EP EP96912010A patent/EP0824312A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-04-11 AU AU55003/96A patent/AU5500396A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-04-11 CN CN96193484A patent/CN1182350A/zh active Pending
- 1996-04-11 WO PCT/EP1996/001541 patent/WO1996033610A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-04-11 BR BR9608023A patent/BR9608023A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-04-11 JP JP8532127A patent/JPH11504022A/ja active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101718042B (zh) * | 2009-11-24 | 2011-09-21 | 上海公泰纺织制品有限公司 | 防虫面料及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0824312A1 (de) | 1998-02-25 |
| AR001669A1 (es) | 1997-11-26 |
| ZA963216B (en) | 1996-10-25 |
| DE19514948C2 (de) | 1998-01-22 |
| JPH11504022A (ja) | 1999-04-06 |
| WO1996033610A1 (de) | 1996-10-31 |
| DE19514948A1 (de) | 1996-10-31 |
| AU5500396A (en) | 1996-11-18 |
| BR9608023A (pt) | 1999-05-04 |
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