CN118202942A - Breeding method and seed production method of sweet waxy corn hybrid - Google Patents
Breeding method and seed production method of sweet waxy corn hybrid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method and a seed production method of sweet waxy corn hybrid seeds, belonging to the technical field of new variety breeding. The invention provides a breeding method of sweet and waxy corn hybrid seeds, which takes a common sweet and waxy double-hidden inbred line (genotype su1su1 wxwx) and a super sweet and waxy double-hidden inbred line (genotype sh2sh2 wxwx) as parents respectively, wherein F1 generation after hybridization is the sweet and waxy corn hybrid seeds, and the sweet and waxy ratio is 7:9. The breeding method of Wen Kenuo' No. Wen Kenuo shows the characteristics of strong mating force, short growth period, high quality, high yield and the like, and has the advantages of moderate plant height, high yield, good quality, good disease resistance, strong stalks, long and good field length and easy seed production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new variety breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method and a seed production method of sweet waxy corn hybrid seeds.
Background
Fresh corn refers to the type of corn that is picked up during the period of maturation of milk for eating or processing canned vegetables. The fresh corn is divided into main genetic types such as common sweet corn (su), enhanced sweet corn (suse), super sweet corn (sh 2), waxy corn (wx), double recessive super sweet waxy corn (suwx), double recessive super sweet waxy corn (sh 2 wx), triple recessive super sweet waxy corn (su 1sh2 wx) and the like internationally. Different types have different advantages and disadvantages and different eating and processing uses.
Common sweet corn (sweet corn) is controlled by su1 or su2 recessive mutation genes, and is mainly type of early-stage edible sweet corn because the sweet corn only contains soluble polysaccharide (wsp) and does not contain starch, and the sugar content in the milk ripening period is about 2 times of that of the common corn, so that the fresh food has sweet and waxy taste. However, the sugar content of the type is not high, the requirement on the harvesting period is strict, the sugar content is rapidly reduced when the harvesting is not timely carried out or the storage time is long after the harvesting, the peel is thickened, and the quality is difficult to ensure.
The enhanced sweet corn is also called enhanced sweet corn (STRENGTHEN SWEET corn), which is characterized in that a se gene capable of improving sugar content is added on the basis of su gene, and the sugar content in the milk ripening period is 50-one time higher than that in common sweet corn. However, the type is not easy to control except that the harvesting and the preservation of common sweet corn are not easy to control, and the prominent defect is that the se gene cannot realize breeding selection through phenotype identification, and the sugar detection or the molecular marker is used for auxiliary selection, so that the difficulty is brought to breeding.
Super sweet corn (super sweet corn) is a type of sweet corn controlled by a sh2 recessive mutant gene, and is called super sweet corn because the sugar content is more than 2 times that of ordinary sweet corn. Super sweet corn can be directly eaten or juiced because of the characteristics of brittleness and high moisture of endosperm, so the super sweet corn is also called fruit corn. However, the type of food has the disadvantages of sweet but not glutinous, less soluble solid and heavier skin residue.
Waxy corn is a corn type controlled by a wx gene, almost 100% of starch is amylopectin, fresh eating is strong in waxy property, skin residue feel is light, and the waxy taste collected in later time is more prominent, so that the corn is popular with some people. However, this type has the disadvantage of having a low sugar content, a low moisture content, and a hardness after aging, and is not suitable for children and the elderly with poor chewing ability.
At present, sweet waxy corn is a type of fresh corn which is bred and assembled by a breeder in China, namely waxy corn with sweet grains and waxy grains (the proportion is basically 1:3) on the same cluster, has unique edible taste, and has the crisp and sweet taste of the sweet corn and the fragrance and waxy taste of the waxy corn, and is widely favored by consumers. In recent years, the planting area of sweet and glutinous rice is continuously enlarged, and the sweet and glutinous rice becomes an important grip for driving farmers to increase income and become rich.
However, sweet waxy corn breeding (sweet/waxy ratio 1:3) is generally carried out by crossing one sweet waxy corn inbred line (wxwx) as a female parent and the other sweet waxy double-hidden inbred line (sh 1sh1 wxwx) as a male parent. Because of the double-hidden characteristic, the sweet waxy double-hidden inbred line has the common problems of low germination rate, weak growth potential, small pollen amount, difficult preservation and the like, and further causes the common problems of low seed production yield, high cost and the like in the seed production process of sweet waxy corn.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method and a seed production method of sweet-waxy corn hybrid seeds (sweet-waxy ratio 7:9), which have the characteristics of strong combining force, short growth period, high quality, high yield and the like.
The invention provides a breeding method of sweet waxy corn hybrid seeds, which comprises the following steps: the common sweet double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of su1su1wxwx and the super sweet double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of sh2sh2wxwx are respectively used as parents, and F 1 generation after hybridization is the sweet waxy corn hybrid.
Preferably, the common sweet waxy double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of su1su1wxwx is taken as a female parent, and the super sweet waxy double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of sh2sh2wxwx is taken as a male parent.
Preferably, the breeding method of TN632 includes the following steps: selecting a common sweet inbred line T65 by using a introduced French seed MRRI bicyclo system; breeding by using a Shen sweet waxy 9D bicyclic line to obtain a waxy corn inbred line N87;
Hybridizing a common sweet inbred line T65 and a waxy corn inbred line N87 serving as parents to obtain F 1 generation seeds, selfing to obtain F 2 generation seeds, and screening common sweet waxy double-hidden grains from the F 2 generation seeds;
Inducing the selected common sweet waxy double-hidden grains by using an induction system, doubling the haploid by using colchicine to obtain a DH system, and performing measurement, matching and screening to obtain a homozygous inbred TN632 with strong matching force.
Preferably, the method for screening the common sweet waxy double-hidden seeds from the seeds of the generation F 2 comprises the following steps: and selecting sweet grains from the F 2 generation seeds, identifying the top ends of the grains by using an iodine-potassium iodide solution, and displaying the color as brownish red to obtain the common sweet waxy double-hidden grains with the genotype of wxwxsh sh 2.
Preferably, the grain of the homozygous inbred TN632 is shrunken and translucent glassy.
Preferably, the super-sweet waxy double-recessive inbred line with the genotype of sh2sh2wxwx comprises TN656;
The breeding method of the TN656 comprises the following steps: selecting a super-sweet double-hidden line TN21 by utilizing a hybrid of the agricultural waxy 336, and screening to obtain a super-sweet double-hidden line TN35 by utilizing a hybrid of the ten thousand waxy 2000 and the snow sweet 7401;
and (3) combining a basic selection material with the super-sweet double-hidden line TN21 and the super-sweet double-hidden line TN35, inducing haploids with an induction system, doubling colchicine on the haploids to obtain DH lines, and performing measurement, matching and screening to obtain the homozygous super-sweet double-hidden inbred line TN656 with strong matching force.
Preferably, the grains of the homozygous super sweet waxy double cryptogenic inbred TN656 shrink opaque.
The invention also provides a seed production method of sweet waxy corn hybrid seeds obtained by the breeding method, which comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out differential sowing on the common sweet double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of su1su1wxwx and the super sweet double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of sh2sh2wxwx according to the line number ratio of 4:1, pollinating by adopting an auxiliary pollination or artificial pollination method, and collecting seeds.
Preferably, the planting density of the common sweet waxy double-hidden inbred line with the genotype su1su1wxwx is 3200-3500 plants/mu; the planting density of the super-sweet waxy double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of sh2sh2wxwx is 3500-3800 plants/mu.
Preferably, the differential sowing comprises the second-stage sowing of the super-sweet double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of sh2sh2wxwx, wherein the first-stage sowing is later sowing for one day than the common-sweet double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of su1su1wxwx, and the second-stage sowing is later sowing for three days than the common-sweet double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of su1su1 wxwx.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides a breeding method of sweet and waxy corn hybrid seeds, which takes a common sweet and waxy double-hidden inbred line (genotype su1su1 wxwx) and an ultra-sweet and waxy double-hidden inbred line (genotype sh2sh2 wxwx) as parents respectively, wherein F 1 generation after hybridization is the sweet and waxy corn hybrid seeds, and the sweet and waxy ratio is 7:9.
In the embodiment of the invention, TN632 and TN656 are respectively used as a female parent and a male parent, and a small amount of seed production is measured and prepared in Hainan in 2019 winter. The sweet-glutinous ratio of the fresh corn is 7:9 in a spring two-year comparison test (No. Wen Kenuo) of 2021-2022, and the fresh corn has the characteristics of strong combining force, short growth period, high quality, high yield and the like, so the combination is named as No. Wen Kenuo', and the fresh corn has moderate plant height, high yield, good quality, good disease resistance, strong stalks, good growth phase in the field and easy seed production.
The 'Wen Kenuo No. 6' obtained by the cultivation method has the growth period of 85 days, the plant height of 224.4 cm, the ear height of 67.7 cm, the double ear rate of 5.8%, the empty stalk rate of 2.6%, the lodging rate of 2.6% and the folding rate of 2.4%. The spike length is 22.0 cm, the spike thickness is 5.1 cm, the bald tip length is 2.2 cm, the spike number is 14.5, the line number is 33.6, the single spike weight is 280.9 g, the net spike rate is 77.3%, the fresh thousand seed weight is 357.9 g, and the seed yield is 70.8%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a breeding flow chart of TN 632;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of TN 656.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a breeding method of sweet waxy corn hybrid seeds, which comprises the following steps: the common sweet double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of su1su1wxwx and the super sweet double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of sh2sh2wxwx are respectively used as parents, and F 1 generation after hybridization is the sweet waxy corn hybrid.
The invention preferably takes a common sweet waxy double-hidden inbred line (su 1su1 wxwx) as a female parent and takes a super sweet waxy double-hidden inbred line (sh 2sh2 wxwx) as a male parent, wherein the female parent preferably comprises TN632, and the male parent preferably comprises TN656.
The cultivation flow of TN632 of the present invention is preferably shown in FIG. 1, and the breeding method of TN632 comprises the following steps: selecting a common sweet inbred line T65 by using a introduced French seed MRRI bicyclo system; breeding by using a Shen sweet waxy 9D bicyclic line to obtain a waxy corn inbred line N87;
Hybridizing a common sweet inbred line T65 and a waxy corn inbred line N87 serving as parents to obtain F 1 generation seeds, selfing to obtain F 2 generation seeds, and screening common sweet waxy double-hidden grains from the F 2 generation seeds;
Inducing the selected common sweet waxy double-hidden grains by using an induction system, doubling the haploid by using colchicine to obtain a DH system, and performing measurement, matching and screening to obtain a homozygous inbred TN632 with strong matching force.
The French seed MRRI is common sweet corn, and the common sweet inbred line T65 is selected by carrying out inbred bagging and preferred spike selection on the French seed MRRI.
The Shen sweet glutinous 9D is preferably a commercial seed, and the self-bred line N87 of the waxy corn is selected by breeding waxy corn seeds on the Shen sweet glutinous 9D bicyclic line.
The invention preferably uses a base material of combination (hybridization) of a selective sweet inbred line T65 and a self-selected waxy corn inbred line N87, and during the hybridization, the selective sweet inbred line T65 is used as a female parent, and the waxy corn inbred line N87 is used as a male parent. The invention selfes the hybrid F 1 generation of T65 and N87 to obtain F 2 generation, and screens the common sweet waxy double-hidden seeds from the seeds of F 2 generation. The method for screening the common sweet waxy double-hidden seeds from the seeds of the generation F 2 preferably comprises the following steps: and selecting sweet grains from the F 2 generation seeds, identifying the top ends of the grains by using an iodine-potassium iodide solution, and displaying the color as brownish red to obtain the common sweet waxy double-hidden grains with the genotype of wxwxsh sh 2. The grains of the homozygous inbred TN632 of the invention shrink and translucence vitreous.
The invention induces the common sweet waxy double-hidden grains with the genotype of wxwxsh & lt 2 & gt by using an induction system to obtain haploids, and the induction system preferably comprises Stock6. The method for obtaining haploid by induction of the induction system is not particularly limited, and induction can be carried out by using a conventional method in the field.
The invention uses colchicine to double chromosome of the haploid to obtain DH line, and performs measurement, distribution and screening on the DH line. After the DH line emerges, evaluation is carried out according to phenotype identification indexes such as seedling stage growth vigor, plant height, spike position, resistance, maturity stage, quality character and the like, so that the DH line which does not meet the breeding target is eliminated. The period of important DH line identification is generally about 20d before pollination to 10d after pollination. Based on years of practical experience, about 51% of DH lines were initially identified and eliminated. The specific identification and screening are as follows: (1) eliminating DH lines which do not germinate or are weak in germination (4%); (2) According to the growth vigor and uniformity of DH plant, the hybrid plant spike with vigorous growth vigor is eliminated (0.5 percent); (3) DH lines with plants too high or too weak and ears too high or too low are eliminated (8%); (4) DH lines with poor root or stalk strength or no lodging resistance are eliminated (8%); (5) DH lines with too large tassel are eliminated (6%); (6) the DH line with incoordination between male and female during flowering is eliminated (3%); (7) DH lines with late flowering or late maturation period are eliminated (2.5%); (8) DH line elimination (12%) with poor stress resistance and disease resistance; (9) DH lines with poor seed grain or poor quality were found to be obsolete (7%) when checking after harvest.
The selection method of TN656 of the invention is preferably shown in FIG. 2, and comprises the following steps: selecting a super-sweet double-hidden line TN21 by utilizing a hybrid of the agricultural waxy 336, hybridizing the hybrid of the ten thousand waxy 2000 and the snow sweet 7401, and screening to obtain a super-sweet double-hidden line TN35;
and (3) combining a basic selection material with the super-sweet double-hidden line TN21 and the super-sweet double-hidden line TN35, inducing haploids with an induction system, doubling colchicine on the haploids to obtain DH lines, and performing measurement, matching and screening to obtain the homozygous super-sweet double-hidden inbred line TN656 with strong matching force.
The invention selects and breeds super sweet glutinous double-hidden line TN21 from the hybrid seeds of the glutinous 336 in the agronomic, and the breeding method preferably comprises selfing and selecting plants with good plant types and ear properties from offspring. The agricultural waxy 336 hybrid of the invention is preferably purchased from the corn institute of the national academy of sciences of agriculture and forestry in Beijing.
The invention utilizes the hybridization of the hybrid seeds of Ten thousand glutinous 2000 and Xuesu 7401 to obtain the ultra-sweet glutinous double-hidden line TN35 by screening, the hybridization preferably takes Xuesu 7401 as a male parent, the Ten thousand glutinous 2000 as a female parent, the hybridization F 1 is self-crossed, and the plant with the seed iodine dyeing rate reaching 100% is selected from the offspring. The invention preferably uses the super sweet waxy double-hidden line TN21 as a female parent, uses the super sweet waxy double-hidden line TN35 as a male parent to be assembled (hybridized) as a basic material, and utilizes an induction system to induce the filial generation to obtain haploids, wherein the induction system preferably comprises Stock6. The method for obtaining haploid by induction of the induction system is not particularly limited, and induction can be carried out by using a conventional method in the field.
The invention uses colchicine to double chromosome of the haploid to obtain DH line, carries out measurement, distribution and screening on the DH line, evaluates according to phenotype identification indexes such as seedling growth vigor, plant height, spike position, resistance, maturing period, quality character and the like, and eliminates DH line which does not meet breeding targets. The period of important DH line identification is generally about 20d before pollination to 10d after pollination. Based on years of practical experience, about 51% of DH lines were initially identified and eliminated. The specific identification and screening are as follows: (1) eliminating DH lines which do not germinate or are weak in germination (4%); (2) According to the growth vigor and uniformity of DH plant, the hybrid plant spike with vigorous growth vigor is eliminated (0.5 percent); (3) DH lines with plants too high or too weak and ears too high or too low are eliminated (8%); (4) DH lines with poor root or stalk strength or no lodging resistance are eliminated (8%); (5) DH lines with too large tassel are eliminated (6%); (6) the DH line with incoordination between male and female during flowering is eliminated (3%); (7) DH lines with late flowering or late maturation period are eliminated (2.5%); (8) DH line elimination (12%) with poor stress resistance and disease resistance; (9) DH lines with poor seed grain or poor quality were found to be obsolete (7%) when checking after harvest. The homozygous super sweet waxy double-hidden inbred line TN656 with strong coordination force is obtained. The grains of the homozygous super sweet waxy double-hidden inbred line TN656 provided by the invention shrink and are opaque.
The invention also provides a seed production method of sweet waxy corn hybrid seeds obtained by the breeding method, which comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out differential sowing on the common sweet double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of su1su1wxwx and the super sweet double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of sh2sh2wxwx according to the line number ratio of 4:1, pollinating by adopting an auxiliary pollination or artificial pollination method, and collecting seeds.
In the embodiment of the invention, TN632 and TN656 are used for hybridization, and a small amount of seed production is measured in Hainan in winter in 2019. The product ratio test (No. Wen Kenuo) of 2021-2022 in spring for two years of fresh corn shows the characteristics of strong combining ability, short growth period, high quality, high yield and the like, so the combination is named as 'Wen Kenuo No. 6', and the sweet-waxy ratio is 7:9.
The 'Wen Kenuo No. 6' of the invention preferably carries out a new variety test in southeast China, wherein the cultivation technology preferably comprises the following steps:
(1) And (5) isolated planting and timely sowing. Generally, the space isolation is required to be not less than 400 meters, and the time isolation flowering phase is different by more than 20 days; the Zhejiang province is suitable for sowing in the period of 3 to 4 days in the middle of the spring sowing; the winter sowing is 8 months up and middle ten days.
(2) Reasonable density and scientific fertilization. Generally, 3000-3300 plants are planted per mu; sufficient base fertilizer is applied, miao Fei is applied early to promote strong seedlings, and the jointing fertilizer and the ear-tapping fertilizer are applied again.
(3) Strengthening management, removing tillers and removing ears. Thinning is carried out when the plants grow to 3-4 leaves, thinning is carried out when 5-6 leaves are grown, only 1 strong seedling is reserved in each hole, only the uppermost 1 corn bud is reserved in each plant, and all the rest clusters are removed.
(4) Preventing and curing diseases and insects, and harvesting at proper time. In pest control, attention should be paid to control of large (small) leaf spot, soil insects and corn borers; generally, the filaments are dried up to be black brown after pollination for 21-23 days, and the proper harvesting period is when the seeds at the top of the spike are basically full and glossy.
In the present invention, in order to maintain the variety properties of the 'Wen Kenuo' No. 6, a specific method of seed production preferably includes:
(a) Parental line ratio and Density
The parent is slightly higher and the male parent is short, so that the parent-line proportion is 1:4. The planting density of female parent is 3200-3500 plant per mu, the planting density of male parent is 3500-3800 plant per mu, and the pollen quantity is increased.
(B) Period of difference between sowing of male parent and female parent
Seed production is generally carried out in the Wenzhou region, and seed production can be carried out in spring and winter, and the most timely sowing period is 3 middle and 8 upper ten days respectively. The male parent is planted in the second period, the male parent in the first period is planted later than the female parent for 1 day, and the male parent in the second period is planted later than the male parent in the first period for 3 days. And auxiliary pollination or artificial pollination is adopted to improve the setting rate.
(C) Seed production site selection
The sweet corn seed production has high requirements on terrain and environment isolation, the selected seed production base has good soil fertility, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, the topography is flat, and the sweet corn seed production is easy to manage. The seed production area should be isolated from other corns, the space isolation is required to be more than 500 meters, or the sowing time difference is 25-30 days when the flowering phase is staggered for more than 20 days, the inter-variety cross-meal is strictly prevented, and the seed purity is ensured.
(D) Fine soil preparation
After the seed production field is ploughed, the base fertilizer can be uniformly spread on the ground surface, then the ground surface is harrowed, crushed, leveled and ridged, the width of the ridged (covered ditch) is 1.3-1.4 m, and three ditches (namely, a middle-field waist ditch, a circular-field ditch and an off-field drainage ditch) are formed. The base fertilizer is applied with 500-1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer such as pig manure, chicken manure and the like, 30-40 kg of compound fertilizer and 10-15 kg of urea per mu.
(E) Strengthening fertility management
When the seedlings grow to two leaves and one core, 500-750 kg of 20% decomposed manure water is added with 3kg of urea for spraying every mu, 4-5 kg of urea is added with water for spraying every 6-7 days, and then the seedlings are continuously applied for 2-3 times. The important application of the seedlings and weak seedlings ensures that the plants grow uniformly and have consistent sizes. In the important period of fertilizer application management, the parent and parent are required to apply booting fertilizer in time, 10-15 kg of urea and 10 kg of compound fertilizer are applied per mu, and large hilling is performed after applying.
(F) Removing impurities and removing stamen and bracts
The seeds, the seeds and the grains should be removed before the seedling stage, the jointing stage and the powder scattering stage, the mixed plants, the weak plants and the suspicious plants should be removed, hard grains, mold grains and the like should be removed during threshing after harvesting, and the impurity removal should be clean and thorough. When flowers meet, the tassel of the female parent is removed in time before the tassel is scattered, so that the tassel is not leaked and removed, residues are avoided, and the removed tassel is carried away from a seed production field; for the late plant and the weak plant of the female parent, the male and silk can be removed with leaves; only one bud is left at the top of each plant, and the rest is peeled off.
(G) Preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests
The main points of the control of waxy corn seed production diseases are stem rot and banded sclerotial blight, and the control of both large and small leaf spot and banded sclerotial blight. Besides the good cultivation and prevention, the stem rot and the leaf spot of the large leaf spot and the small leaf spot can be alternatively used in the initial stage of disease occurrence and the large bell mouth period by selecting 20 percent of 600 times of liquid, 20 percent She Kuning times of liquid and the like of the archaea. The sheath blight can be prevented and treated by using 300 times of 5% validamycin A solution when the seedlings grow to 11-12 leaves, and 1-2 leaves of the lower part are stripped after pollination.
The seedling stage plants are tender, and soil insects such as cutworm, mole cricket and the like are easy to occur. When the soil is prepared and holes are opened (1 day before planting), 400 milliliters of 50 percent phoxim is added into each mu (at drought), 800 kilograms of water is added into the whole furrow for splashing, and 75 kilograms of water is added into the whole furrow for spraying and controlling in cloudy days. After emergence, 50 g of 50% acephate and 50 g of bisultap can be sprayed around plants. The corn borer is prevented and treated early, and 50 kg of water is added into 50 g of 48% Lesi per mu in the large bell mouth period, and the corn borer is sprayed at the large bell mouth. When corn pollination is basically finished and larvae are harmful on the filaments, the chemical spray is used for preventing and controlling in time, and the importance is that the base of the filaments at the top ends of the corn buds are sprayed. The aphid can be sprayed by adding 50 kg of water into 20g (1 small bag) of the aphid.
(H) Timely harvesting
The female parent is sowed in spring for about 35 days and in winter for about 40 days after pollination, when the surface of the bracts is dry and about 50% of seeds are sunken, the seeds can be harvested in optional days, and the bracts are peeled off after harvesting and then aired. In particular, the temperature is higher when the spring sweet corn is harvested, and insolation is forbidden. Pouring the threshed seeds on a strong bag, carefully spreading out and airing, picking up impurities such as residual bracts, sand and the like, and filling the seeds into a clean cloth bag for storage when the water content of the seeds is less than 13% and the purity of the seeds meets the quality requirement.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are provided to describe in detail a breeding method and a seed production method of sweet waxy corn hybrid seeds according to the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, the used seed is preferably purchased from corn institute of the national academy of sciences of agriculture and forestry in Beijing.
Example 1
Small amounts of seed production were measured in southwest in 2019. The spring of 2021-2022 participates in the two-year comparison test of fresh corn (No. Wen Kenuo), and shows the characteristics of strong combining ability, short growth period, high quality, high yield and the like, so the combination is named as 'Wen Kenuo No. 6'.
New variety experiments are carried out in southeast regions in China, wherein the cultivation technology preferably comprises the following steps:
(1) And (5) isolated planting and timely sowing. Generally, the space isolation is required to be not less than 400 meters, and the time isolation flowering phase is different by more than 20 days; the Zhejiang province is suitable for sowing in the period of 3 to 4 days in the middle of the spring sowing; the winter sowing is 8 months up and middle ten days.
(2) Reasonable density and scientific fertilization. Generally, 3000-3300 plants are planted per mu; sufficient base fertilizer is applied, miao Fei is applied early to promote strong seedlings, and the jointing fertilizer and the ear-tapping fertilizer are applied again.
(3) Strengthening management, removing tillers and removing ears. Thinning is carried out when the plants grow to 3-4 leaves, thinning is carried out when 5-6 leaves are grown, only 1 strong seedling is reserved in each hole, only the uppermost 1 corn bud is reserved in each plant, and all the rest clusters are removed.
(4) Preventing and curing diseases and insects, and harvesting at proper time. In pest control, attention should be paid to control of large (small) leaf spot, soil insects and corn borers; generally, the filaments are dried up to be black brown after pollination for 21-23 days, and the proper harvesting period is when the seeds at the top of the spike are basically full and glossy.
In the present invention, in order to maintain the variety properties of the 'Wen Kenuo' No. 6, a specific method of seed production preferably includes:
(a) Parental line ratio and Density
The parent is slightly higher and the male parent is short, so that the parent-line proportion is 1:4. The planting density of female parent is 3200-3500 plant per mu, the planting density of male parent is 3500-3800 plant per mu, and the pollen quantity is increased.
(B) Period of difference between sowing of male parent and female parent
Seed production is generally carried out in the Wenzhou region, and seed production can be carried out in spring and winter, and the most timely sowing period is 3 middle and 8 upper ten days respectively. The male parent is planted in the second period, the male parent in the first period is planted later than the female parent for 1 day, and the male parent in the second period is planted later than the male parent in the first period for 3 days. And auxiliary pollination or artificial pollination is adopted to improve the setting rate.
(C) Seed production site selection
The sweet corn seed production has high requirements on terrain and environment isolation, the selected seed production base has good soil fertility, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, the topography is flat, and the sweet corn seed production is easy to manage. The seed production area should be isolated from other corns, the space isolation is required to be more than 500 meters, or the sowing time difference is 25-30 days when the flowering phase is staggered for more than 20 days, the inter-variety cross-meal is strictly prevented, and the seed purity is ensured.
(D) Fine soil preparation
After the seed production field is ploughed, the base fertilizer can be uniformly spread on the ground surface, then the ground surface is harrowed, crushed, leveled and ridged, the width of the ridged (covered ditch) is 1.3-1.4 m, and three ditches (namely, a middle-field waist ditch, a circular-field ditch and an off-field drainage ditch) are formed. The base fertilizer is applied with 500-1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer such as pig manure, chicken manure and the like, 30-40 kg of compound fertilizer and 10-15 kg of urea per mu.
(E) Strengthening fertility management
When the seedlings grow to two leaves and one core, 500-750 kg of 20% decomposed manure water is added with 3kg of urea for spraying every mu, 4-5 kg of urea is added with water for spraying every 6-7 days, and then the seedlings are continuously applied for 2-3 times. The important application of the seedlings and weak seedlings ensures that the plants grow uniformly and have consistent sizes. In the important period of fertilizer application management, the parent and parent are required to apply booting fertilizer in time, 10-15 kg of urea and 10 kg of compound fertilizer are applied per mu, and large hilling is performed after applying.
(F) Removing impurities and removing stamen and bracts
The seeds, the seeds and the grains should be removed before the seedling stage, the jointing stage and the powder scattering stage, the mixed plants, the weak plants and the suspicious plants should be removed, hard grains, mold grains and the like should be removed during threshing after harvesting, and the impurity removal should be clean and thorough. When flowers meet, the tassel of the female parent is removed in time before the tassel is scattered, so that the tassel is not leaked and removed, residues are avoided, and the removed tassel is carried away from a seed production field; for the late plant and the weak plant of the female parent, the male and silk can be removed with leaves; only one bud is left at the top of each plant, and the rest is peeled off.
(G) Preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests
The main points of the control of waxy corn seed production diseases are stem rot and banded sclerotial blight, and the control of both large and small leaf spot and banded sclerotial blight. Besides the good cultivation and prevention, the stem rot and the leaf spot of the large leaf spot and the small leaf spot can be alternatively used in the initial stage of disease occurrence and the large bell mouth period by selecting 20 percent of 600 times of liquid, 20 percent She Kuning times of liquid and the like of the archaea. The sheath blight can be prevented and treated by using 300 times of 5% validamycin A solution when the seedlings grow to 11-12 leaves, and 1-2 leaves of the lower part are stripped after pollination.
The seedling stage plants are tender, and soil insects such as cutworm, mole cricket and the like are easy to occur. When the soil is prepared and holes are opened (1 day before planting), 400 milliliters of 50 percent phoxim is added into each mu (at drought), 800 kilograms of water is added into the whole furrow for splashing, and 75 kilograms of water is added into the whole furrow for spraying and controlling in cloudy days. After emergence, 50 g of 50% acephate and 50 g of bisultap can be sprayed around plants. The corn borer is prevented and treated early, and 50 kg of water is added into 50 g of 48% Lesi per mu in the large bell mouth period, and the corn borer is sprayed at the large bell mouth. When corn pollination is basically finished and larvae are harmful on the filaments, the chemical spray is used for preventing and controlling in time, and the importance is that the base of the filaments at the top ends of the corn buds are sprayed. The aphid can be sprayed by adding 50 kg of water into 20g (1 small bag) of the aphid.
(H) Timely harvesting
The female parent is sowed in spring for about 35 days and in winter for about 40 days after pollination, when the surface of the bracts is dry and about 50% of seeds are sunken, the seeds can be harvested in optional days, and the bracts are peeled off after harvesting and then aired. In particular, the temperature is higher when the spring sweet corn is harvested, and insolation is forbidden. Pouring the threshed seeds on a strong bag, carefully spreading out and airing, picking up impurities such as residual bracts, sand and the like, and filling the seeds into a clean cloth bag for storage when the water content of the seeds is less than 13% and the purity of the seeds meets the quality requirement.
Statistically, the growth period of 'Wen Kenuo' was 85 days, which was 0.9 days shorter than that of control Suyunuo 5. The plant height is 224.4 cm, the ear position is 67.7 cm, the double ear rate is 5.8%, the empty stalk rate is 2.6%, the lodging rate is 2.6%, and the collapse rate is 2.4%. The length of the spike is 22.0 cm, the thickness of the spike is 5.1 cm, the length of the bald tip is 2.2 cm, the number of lines of the spike is 14.5, the number of lines of the spike is 33.6, the weight of a single spike is 280.9 g, the net spike rate is 77.3%, the weight of fresh thousand grains is 357.9 g, the seed yield is 70.8%, the sweetness of the seed is 25%, and the iodine dyeing rate is 100%.
Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be devised in accordance with the present embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The breeding method of sweet waxy corn hybrid is characterized by comprising the following steps: the common sweet double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of su1su1wxwx and the super sweet double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of sh2sh2wxwx are respectively used as parents, and F 1 generation after hybridization is the sweet waxy corn hybrid.
2. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the common sweet waxy double-hidden inbred line with the genotype su1su1wxwx is taken as a female parent, and the super sweet waxy double-hidden inbred line with the genotype sh2sh2wxwx is taken as a male parent.
3. The breeding method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the common sweet waxy double-harbored inbred line with genotype su1su1wxwx comprises TN632;
the breeding method of the TN632 comprises the following steps: selecting a common sweet inbred line T65 by using a introduced French seed MRRI bicyclo system; breeding by using a Shen sweet waxy 9D bicyclic line to obtain a waxy corn inbred line N87;
Hybridizing a common sweet inbred line T65 and a waxy corn inbred line N87 serving as parents to obtain F 1 generation seeds, selfing to obtain F 2 generation seeds, and screening common sweet waxy double-hidden grains from the F 2 generation seeds;
Inducing the selected common sweet waxy double-hidden grains by using an induction system, doubling the haploid by using colchicine to obtain a DH system, and performing measurement, matching and screening to obtain a homozygous inbred TN632 with strong matching force.
4. The method for breeding according to claim 3, wherein the method for screening the common sweet waxy double cryptosporidium seeds from the seeds of the generation F 2 comprises the following steps: and selecting sweet grains from the F 2 generation seeds, identifying the top ends of the grains by using an iodine-potassium iodide solution, and displaying the color as brownish red to obtain the common sweet waxy double-hidden grains with the genotype of wxwxsh sh 2.
5. A method of breeding according to claim 3, wherein the grain of the homozygous inbred line TN632 is shrunken and translucent glassy.
6. The breeding method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the super sweet waxy double cryptogenic line with the genotype of sh2sh2wxwx comprises TN656;
The breeding method of the TN656 comprises the following steps: selecting a super-sweet double-hidden line TN21 by utilizing a hybrid of the agricultural waxy 336, hybridizing the hybrid of the ten thousand waxy 2000 and the snow sweet 7401, and screening to obtain a super-sweet double-hidden line TN35;
and (3) combining a basic selection material with the super-sweet double-hidden line TN21 and the super-sweet double-hidden line TN35, inducing haploids with an induction system, doubling colchicine on the haploids to obtain DH lines, and performing measurement, matching and screening to obtain the homozygous super-sweet double-hidden inbred line TN656 with strong matching force.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the homozygous super sweet waxy double inbred TN656 has a shrunken and opaque grain.
8. A seed production method of sweet waxy corn hybrid seeds obtained by the breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the steps of: and (3) carrying out differential sowing on the common sweet double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of su1su1wxwx and the super sweet double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of sh2sh2wxwx according to the line number ratio of 4:1, pollinating by adopting an auxiliary pollination or artificial pollination method, and collecting seeds.
9. The seed production method according to claim 8, wherein the normal sweet waxy double-harbored inbred line with genotype su1su1wxwx has a planting density of 3200-3500 plants/mu; the planting density of the super-sweet waxy double-hidden inbred line with the genotype of sh2sh2wxwx is 3500-3800 plants/mu.
10. The seed production method according to claim 8, wherein the poor sowing includes a second sowing of the super sweet waxy double cryptogenic line with the genotype of sh2sh2wxwx, the first sowing being one day later than the normal sweet waxy double cryptogenic line with the genotype of su1su1wxwx, and the second sowing being three days later than the normal sweet waxy double cryptogenic line with the genotype of su1su1 wxwx.
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