CN1181946C - Method and device for rapid cutting of workpiece from brittle material - Google Patents

Method and device for rapid cutting of workpiece from brittle material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1181946C
CN1181946C CNB008179883A CN00817988A CN1181946C CN 1181946 C CN1181946 C CN 1181946C CN B008179883 A CNB008179883 A CN B008179883A CN 00817988 A CN00817988 A CN 00817988A CN 1181946 C CN1181946 C CN 1181946C
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China
Prior art keywords
laser beam
cut
line
workpiece
fluid cooling
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB008179883A
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CN1414893A (en
Inventor
B���ղ߶�
B·赫策尔
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Schott AG
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Schott Glaswerke AG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
    • C03B33/09—Severing cooled glass by thermal shock
    • C03B33/091—Severing cooled glass by thermal shock using at least one focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/146—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing a liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Sawing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for rapid cutting of a workpiece from a brittle material by means of a laser beam along a predetermined cutting line of any shape. The method comprises the following steps: creation of the laser beam; coupled guiding of the laser beam focussed on the cutting line without welding the material; forming the laser beam in such a way that the beam cross-section acting on the surface of the material to be cut in the form of a focal spot corresponds to a pre-determined shape and intensity pattern; generating a relative movement between the laser beam and the workpiece along the cutting line with inducement of a thermo-mechanical tension; blowing a fluid cooling medium onto the section of heated cutting line, for subsequent cooling thereof and raising the thermomechanical tension to a point above the fracture strength of the material.

Description

The method and apparatus of the workpiece that the fly-cutting fragile material is made
The present invention relates to that a kind of this workpiece is made by fragile material by the method and apparatus of laser beam along the line of cut fly-cutting workpiece of any required profile, particularly by glass, glass ceramics or pottery are made.The preferred application is the flat glass of fly-cutting.
The conventional method of glass-cutting is based on using a diamond or little cutting wheel earlier at generation indentation on glass, so that glass breaks by applying external mechanical force along this line of weakness that produces in this way.The shortcoming of this method is that this indentation causes from this surface and isolates particle (sliver), and these particles can be deposited on glass, and for example they can cause scuffing.Can form fragment in incision equally, thereby cause uneven glass edge.In addition, the fine crack in the otch that forms in the indentation process can cause mechanical bearing capacity to descend, and has promptly increased broken danger.
A kind of purpose is to avoid the method for sliver and fragment and fine crack to be to use heat to produce the stress separation of glasses.In the case, the thermal source that points to glass produces high thermal stress in this way and makes glass form crackle with the fixed rate motion with respect to glass.Infrared radiator, special gas nozzle and particularly laser can satisfy the required characteristic of thermal source of local positioning heat energy, and is promptly corresponding with typical cutting accuracy, and its precision is better than 1 millimeter.Because the possibility of its good focussing property, good power controlled, beam-shaping and intensity distribution, laser has confirmed successfully and to realize using widely on glass.
This laser beam cutting method is open by some files, produces the hot machine stress that is higher than this material fracture strength comprising the local heat that combines with external refrigeration by focussed laser beam.
The method that is known in WO 93/20015 is used a kind of oval-shaped laser bundle with a hangover cooling point.The result that this method can realize for nonmetal plate straight line indentation, but can not guarantee along a curved profile high-quality and high-precision indentation.In addition, known method can not realize highly stable cutting profile under high radiation density and high cutting speed.
For optimizing the heating condition of this material along line of cut, according to WO 96/20062, heating can be heated light beam by cluster and be realized, its by the cross section at this bunch center in the Density Distribution of radiant power become from the periphery to the center, to successively decrease.Use the ellipse-shaped light fascicle, cause temperature to distribute with the elliptical ring form.
The shortcoming of these known methods can be avoided by the method that EP 0 872 303 A2 describe, and wherein provides one to have the U-shaped open on cut direction and the focus and a distinctive intensity distributions of V-arrangement profile.This method proves success in practicality when implementing straight cuts.Can cut the big workpiece of thickness neatly.When implementing cutting arbitrarily, i.e. cutting may comprise any required profile of curved profile, needs to produce the U-shaped or the V-arrangement intensity distributions of a curve, and the profile phase of this distributions and this line of cut mates and comprises thereafter cooling for its trajectory shape.This need be connected the scanning means that produces focus especially with the Stroke Control unit, thereby produces very important control and adjustment expense.
DE 44 11 037 C2 disclose a kind of laser beam cutting method that is used to cut double glazing, wherein adopt fixed laser beam, and this laser beam concentrates focusing to produce a thermal stress district with the double glazing that the formation one point union centers on this rotation.Then, adopt the water smoke of the atomized water that sprays in the nozzle to cool off along this stressed zone, this stressed zone has been incorporated on the whole periphery of this vacuum glass, makes to cut off this double glazing edge when being used in combination with machinery or thermogenetic initial crack.
DE 43 05 107 A1 disclose a kind of laser beam cutting method, wherein this laser beam is shaped in the mode of sowing, promptly the cross section of this laser beam is an elongated shape on the surface of this workpiece, and in the method, the length of this cutting beam cross section and wide ratio can be provided with by the aperture on the laser beam stroke.
In addition, known method by a plurality of laser beam glass-cuttings.
In the method for describing in DE-B 1 244 346, for producing the edge that is shaped, in laser cutting, a plurality of laser beams are applied to on a kerf, and single laser beam forms different angles with this glass surface.Corresponding US 3,453,097 describe a kind of by guide the method for a plurality of laser beam glass-cuttings on this line of cut in paired mode.
For the reason of wide range, the above-mentioned first laser beam cutting method proves brilliant method and extensively adopts in practicality.The present invention is based on the method.The cutting power of realizing by above-mentioned first method and the workability of this method depend on especially along the line of cut in the workpiece that will cut introduce effectively hot machine stress, this laser beam intensity distributions and the type of cooling.Needed fast and introduce hot machine stress effectively simultaneously and in known method, only guarantee an inadequate degree for cutting along this line of cut.Because hot machine stress can not effectively be introduced, for requiring higher cutting speed to exist restriction.
The objective of the invention is to by the method and apparatus of laser beam along the predetermined cuts line cut workpiece of any required profile, this workpiece is made by fragile material, particularly by glass, glass ceramics or pottery are made, make high cutting accuracy, in strict accordance with profile and be cut into fast may and do not form fine cracks, sliver or fragment.
This purpose can realize by the method that Patent right requirement 1 is described.
Method according to claim 1 description, realize by the following fact along the predetermined cuts line fly-cutting workpiece of any required profile by laser beam, promptly produce this laser beam, each laser beam guides on this line of cut in succession in paired mode, and guiding especially abreast, and molten glass not.Each laser beam is shaped in the mode of sowing, and promptly each lasing aperture as focus is corresponding with a reservation shape and intensity distributions on the surface of the work that will cut.Between this laser beam and workpiece, produce relative motion and introduce hot machine stress, so that the part of the line of cut after the heating is cooled off subsequently, make this hot machine stress be increased to the fracture strength that is higher than this material by spraying fluid cooling media along this line of cut.
Can realize clean side cut and not have fine cracks, sliver or fragment.
Method of the present invention makes hot machine stress introduce fast and effectively along the line of cut of any required profile.Surprisingly, found high laser can be incorporated on the workpiece that will cut and do not made the workpiece fusing.Simultaneously, compare and cutting speed can be increased by 100% with previous method.
In this way, the easy cutting speed that realizes up to 200 meters/minute.
Not making simultaneously the workpiece fusing for high laser being introduced workpiece especially, is favourable for also particularly guiding the laser beam on this line of cut continuously abreast in paired mode.In this case, this laser beam can be fast guide one by one continuously on this line of cut or this laser beam can guide on this line of cut in the mode of stack wholly or in part.
Each laser beam preferably is shaped in the mode of sowing in this case, promptly in each case on the surface of the work that will cut as the cross section of this light beam of focus corresponding to same shape and same intensity distributions.
In addition, this laser beam preferably guides in parallel to each other on this line of cut, vertical with this surface of the work or same at least angle.
When glass-cutting, should guarantee to be no more than the transition temperature TG of each glass especially.
If fine cracks is formed on the initial place of this line of cut, this crackle is very accurately along this line of cut.
Preferably one or more CO of each laser beam or CO 2Laser beam, optical maser wavelength are especially preferably adjustable, and it can be complementary with the respective absorption maximum of the material that will cut.This optical maser wavelength more successfully is complementary with the respective absorption maximum of the material that will cut, and the introducing of hot machine stress is effective more, and same selectable cutting speed is high more.
Fluid cooling media preferably is ejected into downwards on this workpiece from the top.
Preferred fluid cooling media is a refrigerating gas, preferably cold air, or water/air mixture.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature of fluid cooling media is set and controls.In this case, particularly preferably being this fluid cooling media is cooling in addition.This can for example realize by Peltier element.Make the management of repetitive process under the condition that can control and monitor, carry out.
In another configuration of the present invention, gas nozzle is shaped by one or more concentric and/or oval nozzles.
Can use all gas nozzle form and arrangement of nozzles so that cooling effectively.
Usually, the intensity distributions that all predetermined laser beam shapes are relevant with it can be applied on the workpiece that will cut.
U-shaped or the V-arrangement profile intensity distributions relevant with it as the described laser beam of EP 0 872 303 A2 are particularly preferred.
In addition, as any other laser that can fully absorb by this material, CO or CO 2Laser is applicable to the edge fusion subsequently that is fractured into sharpened edge and becomes circle.
Method of the present invention comprises the fragile material particularly suitable of glass, glass ceramics or pottery for cutting; Can advantageously cut even thick relatively material, for example the flat glass of 30 millimeters of thickness.
Device for the workpiece of being made by fragile material along the line of cut fly-cutting of any required profile by laser beam comprises:
One or more lasing light emitters of-generation laser beam,
-be used for guiding in pairs this laser beam to focus on this line of cut and do not melt the Optical devices of this material,
-be used for the be shaped device of each laser beam of the mode of sowing, promptly corresponding as this beam cross section of focus on will the surface of cut workpiece with a reservation shape and intensity distributions,
-be used between this laser beam and this workpiece, producing at least one drive unit of relative motion along this line of cut, and introduce hot machine stress, and
-be used to spray fluid cooling media so that the device of the line of cut part of cooling heating subsequently makes hot machine stress be increased to the rupture strength that is higher than this material.
In this case, be used for guiding in pairs the Optical devices of this laser beam to allow to guide this laser beam in pairs, and independently of each other promptly, or overlappingly this laser beam be directed in pairs on this line of cut wholly or in part as selecting with the type of focusing in the mode of sowing.
In addition, the initial place that is preferably in this line of cut provides the device that forms a fine cracks.
This laser is CO preferably 2Laser, its wavelength is corresponding with the spectral absorption maximum of the material that will cut.This CO 2It is 10.6 microns light in the far infrared zone that laser discharges wavelength.In the time of on acting on material, this heat radiation has very important special characteristic.For example, it can be absorbed by most of material height transparent under visible light.
The fact of the high-absorbable in the glass can be used for glass-cutting.Absorption coefficient is 10 3Centimetre -1The time, 95% energy absorption is in the layer of 30 micron thickness.
If its absorption maximum of the material of cutting is positioned at about 5 microns wavelength place, recommend to use CO laser as light source.
Usually, can use all preset devices, so that produce, be shaped and guide a laser beam, this laser beam is fit to introduce the hot machine stress of the fusion temperature that is lower than the workpiece that will cut.
According to another embodiment, the gas nozzle that is used to spray the part of this laser beam cutting on the clean surface of the work is an air nozzle.
Be explained in more detail exemplary embodiment of the present below.
For making workpiece along the line of cut fly-cutting of any required profile by fragile material by laser beam, produce three laser beams in each case, it is guided focused on this line of cut in pairs, and does not make the material fusing.This laser beam preferably guides perpendicular to the surface of this material.This laser beam is shaped in the following manner, and promptly each beam cross section as focus is corresponding with a reservation shape and intensity distributions on the surface of the work that will cut.Each lasing aperture has the V-arrangement profile and correlation intensity distributes.Opposite each beam cross section as focus has linear profile.
By produce a relative motion along this line of cut between these three paired laser beams and this workpiece, hot machine stress is introduced this workpiece.In fact, this is parallel-laid into right laser beam as far as possible accurately along this predetermined cuts line.After this laser beam, owing to spray fluid cooling media so that cool off the line of cut part of (cooling point) this heating subsequently, this hot machine stress increase is higher than the rupture strength of this material.
These three collimated laser beams preferably are directed on this line of cut simultaneously in succession.

Claims (24)

1. the method for a workpiece of being made by fragile material along the line of cut fly-cutting of any required profile by laser beam may further comprise the steps:
-generation laser beam,
-guide this laser beam to focus on this line of cut in pairs and do not melt this material,
-each laser beam is shaped,
-between this laser beam and this workpiece, produce relative motion along this line of cut, and introduce hot machine stress,
-spray fluid cooling media so that the line of cut part of cooling heating subsequently makes hot machine stress be increased to the rupture strength that is higher than this material,
It is characterized in that, this laser beam that guides in pairs is arranged to guide in succession on this line of cut continuously.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, with this in pairs laser beam of guiding be arranged to overlap mode guiding wholly or in part on this line of cut.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that a fine cracks is formed on the initial place of this line of cut.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, a CO or CO 2Laser beam is used as this each laser beam.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, an adjustable laser light beam is used as this each laser beam.
6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, this fluid cooling media is ejected into downwards on this workpiece from the top.
7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, implements cooling by spraying a refrigerating gas.
8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, implements cooling by spraying an air/water mixture.
9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the temperature of this fluid cooling media is set and controls.
10. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, this fluid cooling media is cooled.
11. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, this fluid cooling media is at least by Peltier element cooling.
12. the device of a workpiece of being made by fragile material along the line of cut fly-cutting of any required profile by laser beam has:
One or more lasing light emitters of-generation laser beam,
-be used for guiding in pairs this laser beam to focus on this line of cut and do not melt the Optical devices of this material,
-the device that is used to make each laser beam to be shaped.
-be used between this laser beam and this workpiece, producing a drive unit of relative motion along this line of cut, and introduce hot machine stress,
-be used to spray fluid cooling media so that the device of the line of cut part of cooling heating subsequently makes hot machine stress be increased to the rupture strength that is higher than this material,
It is characterized in that this is used for guiding in pairs the Optical devices of this laser beam also in succession this laser beam to be directed at this line of cut continuously in the mode that focuses on.
13. device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, this is used for guiding in pairs the described Optical devices of this laser beam to allow also overlappingly this laser beam to be directed in pairs at this line of cut wholly or in part with the type of focusing.
14., it is characterized in that having the device that is used for forming fine cracks as claim 12 or 13 described devices in the initial place of this line of cut.
15. device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, one or more lasing light emitters are CO or CO 2Laser instrument.
16. device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, one or more lasing light emitters are tunable.
17. device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, this device that is used to spray fluid cooling media allows this medium to spray from the top downwards.
18. device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, this is used to spray device permission injection one refrigerating gas of fluid cooling media.
19. device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, this is used to spray device permission injection one air/water mixture of fluid cooling media.
20. device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, the temperature of this fluid cooling media can be set and control.
21. device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, has the device that is used to cool off this fluid cooling media.
22. device as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, this device that is used for the cooling fluid cooling medium comprises at least one Peltier element.
23. method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described refrigerating gas is a cold air.
24. device as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that, described refrigerating gas is a cold air.
CNB008179883A 1999-10-29 2000-10-27 Method and device for rapid cutting of workpiece from brittle material Expired - Fee Related CN1181946C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19952331A DE19952331C1 (en) 1999-10-29 1999-10-29 Method and device for quickly cutting a workpiece from brittle material using laser beams
DE19952331.2 1999-10-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1414893A CN1414893A (en) 2003-04-30
CN1181946C true CN1181946C (en) 2004-12-29

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US (1) US6800831B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1224053B1 (en)
JP (2) JP2003512943A (en)
KR (1) KR100510775B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1181946C (en)
AT (1) ATE291985T1 (en)
AU (1) AU1515601A (en)
DE (2) DE19952331C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2238325T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2001032349A1 (en)

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