CN118126283A - 一种具有稳定导热性能的聚氨酯组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种具有稳定导热性能的聚氨酯组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有稳定导热性能的聚氨酯组合物及其制备方法和应用。该聚氨酯组合物,包括组分A和组分B;所述组分A包括如下组分:聚醚二元醇,端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇,超支化聚酯多元醇,改性导热填料,增塑剂和催化剂;所述组分B包括如下组分:异氰酸酯,改性导热填料和增塑剂。该聚氨酯组合物在加入聚醚二元醇和异氰酸酯的基础上,还加入端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇、超支化聚酯多元醇和改性导热填料,通过这些组分的配合,聚氨酯组合物具有良好的导热性能和粘接性能,并且经高温处理后,仍保持良好的导热性能和粘接性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯材料技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种具有稳定导热性能的聚氨酯组合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着微电子技术的迅速发展,电子元器件的体积大幅度缩小,而工作频率急剧增加,长时间运行将导致热量持续积累。为了确保电子设备能够长时间稳定运行,现代电子封装材料需要同时满足轻质、高绝缘以及及时散热的需求。现有的电子封装材料主要是聚氨酯复合材料,而目前常用的导热填料有碳类填料和陶瓷类填料两种。
以石墨烯为代表的碳类导热填料能够显著提高聚合物复合材料的热导率(比如名称为聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法、以及导热胶带的中国专利就用到碳类导热填料),但碳材料本身的高电导率也会导致复合材料绝缘性大幅降低。为了保持聚氨酯复合材料本身的高绝缘性,通常选用绝缘性能好的陶瓷类填料作为导热填料,但是,受界面热阻的影响,陶瓷类填料带来的热导率提升效果通常十分有限。因此,需开发新技术,进一步提高以陶瓷类填料作为导热填料时聚氨酯复合材料的导热性能。
此外,在新能源领域的电子设备的长时间运行中,封装材料可能处在较高温度的环境中,而高温环境下容易使相容性本就不佳的导热填料和聚氨酯基体发生分离,这不仅会导致材料的粘接力下降,还会导致材料的导热性能变差。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的是克服上述现有以陶瓷类填料作为导热填料时,聚氨酯复合材料的导热性能提升有限,且高温环境下的粘接力下降和导热性能变差的问题,提供一种具有稳定导热性能的聚氨酯组合物。
本发明的进一步目的是提供上述聚氨酯组合物的制备方法。
本发明的进一步目的是提供上述聚氨酯组合物在制备电子封装胶粘剂中的应用。
本发明的上述目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种具有稳定导热性能的聚氨酯组合物,包括质量比为1:(0.5~3)的组分A和组分B;
所述组分A包括如下重量份数的组分:聚醚二元醇5~20份,端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇5~20份,超支化聚酯多元醇5~10份,改性导热填料30~90份,增塑剂5~20份,催化剂0.01~1份;
所述组分B包括如下重量份数的组分:异氰酸酯10~30份,改性导热填料50~90份,增塑剂5~20份;
所述改性导热填料为二元胺改性的绝缘导热填料。
本发明的发明人通过研究发现,选用聚醚二元醇和端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇,通过两者的配合来调控聚氨酯组合物的粘度,可以使聚氨酯组合物的粘结性能(剪切强度)达到较好的程度;同时,通过端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇引入聚丙烯酸酯,聚氨酯组合物的耐热性能也能得到提高。在该基础上,发明人进一步研究发现,在聚氨酯组合物加入超支化聚酯多元醇,同时加入经二元胺改性的绝缘导热填料,可以使聚氨酯组合物的粘结性能进一步提高,并且聚氨酯组合物的初始导热性能得到提高、高温处理后的导热性能和高温处理后的粘结性能保持稳定。其原因可能是:超支化聚酯多元醇可以提高聚氨酯组合物固化过程中的交联程度,从而较好地避免导热填料与树脂发生分离,同时经二元胺改性之后,绝缘导热填料因表面含有氨基而可以参与到固化过程中的交联反应中,这不仅丰富了导热网络,还进一步提高了导热填料与树脂的结合程度。
即本发明的聚氨酯组合物在加入聚醚二元醇和异氰酸酯的基础上,还加入端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇、超支化聚酯多元醇和改性导热填料,通过这些组分的配合,聚氨酯组合物具有良好的导热性能和粘接性能,并且经高温处理后,仍保持良好的导热性能和粘接性能。
优选地,所述组分A包括如下重量份数的组分:聚醚二元醇6~10份,端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇10~20份,超支化聚酯多元醇6~8份,改性导热填料50~65份,增塑剂10~15份;催化剂0.01~1份;
所述组分B包括如下重量份数的组分:异氰酸酯10~30份,改性导热填料50~80份;增塑剂10~20份。
优选地,所述聚醚二元醇的数均分子量为1000~10000。
优选地,所述端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇在α,α’-二碘对二甲苯作为链转移剂的条件下制得。
更为优选地,所述端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将丙烯酸酯单体、链转移剂α,α’-二碘对二甲苯和引发剂溶于溶剂中进行聚合反应;调节聚合反应体系的pH为碱性,然后加入封端剂进行封端反应,即得。
其中,所述封端剂为含羟基的硫醇;以重量份计,丙烯酸酯单体、链转移剂α,α’-二碘对二甲苯、引发剂和封端剂的用量分别为:40~65份,40~65份、0.1~4份和0.2~0.7份。
优选地,所述端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇的数均分子量为2000~10000。
本发明中,超支化聚酯多元醇是指分子结构高度支化且末端基团为羟基的聚酯。
通常地,所述超支化聚酯多元醇的羟基含量为:每摩尔的超支化聚酯多元醇含5~50mol的羟基。
可选地,所述超支化聚酯多元醇为Boltorn H20、BoltornH30、Boltorn H40、HyperH10或Hyper H30中的至少一种。
可选地,所述二元胺包括但不限于尿素、双氰胺或乙二胺中的至少一种。
优选地,所述改性导热填料通过如下方法制得:对绝缘导热填料和二元胺进行球磨,即得。
更为优选地,绝缘导热填料和二元胺的质量比为100:(1~2)。
更为优选地,在进行球磨之前,还加入偶联剂。
进一步优选地,所述偶联剂为KH550、KH560、十八胺、硬脂酸中的至少一种。
进一步优选地,所述绝缘导热填料与偶联剂的质量比为100:(1~5)。
优选地,所述改性导热填料中,绝缘导热填料与二元胺的质量比为100:(1~2)。
通常地,所述绝缘导热填料为陶瓷绝缘填料,包括但不限于氧化铝、氮化铝和氮化硼中的至少一种。
优选地,所述绝缘导热填料氮化铝、氧化铝或氮化硼中的至少两种。
选用不同成分组成的绝缘导热填料,聚氨酯组合物的性能更好。
优选地,所述绝缘导热填料包括质量比为(1.5~3):1的第一绝缘导热填料和第二绝缘导热填料,所述第一绝缘导热填料和第二绝缘导热填料的D90粒径分别为30~50μm和1~5μm。
选用不同粒径组成的绝缘导热填料,可以形成更加完整的导热网络,聚氨酯组合物的导热性能更好;且更利于绝缘导热填料填料聚氨酯组合物,剪切强度也更高。
具体地,所述改性导热填料通过如下方法制得:按100:(1~2):(1~5)的质量比将绝缘导热填料、二元胺和偶联剂置于四氟乙烯球磨罐中,在用高纯氮气置换罐内空气并密封,以300~500rpm转速球磨3~5h,冷却,即得。
优选地,所述增塑剂为二乙二醇二苯甲酸酯、邻苯二甲酸二葵酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯或邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯中的至少一种。
优选地,所述组分A还包括聚醚胺0.1~3份。聚醚胺的加入,可以改善聚氨酯组合物的固化速度,聚氨酯组合物的粘接性能更好。
优选地,所述组分A包括催化剂0.1~1份,所述催化剂包括但不限于有机锡、有机铋或有机锆中的至少一种。
优选地,所述组分A还包括触变剂1~10份,所述触变剂包括但不限于白炭黑、炭黑、膨润土、聚酰胺蜡或氢化蓖麻油中的至少一种。
优选地,所述组分A还包括偶联剂0.5~5份,所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂,包括但不限于KH550或KH560中的至少一种。
优选地,所述异氰酸酯为二异氰酸酯;所述二异氰酸酯包括但不限于二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯或佛尔酮二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
上述聚氨酯组合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将组分A的各组分混合,即得组分A;将组分B的各组分混合,即得组分B。
上述聚氨酯组合物在制备电子封装胶粘剂中的应用也在本发明的保护范围内。
优选地,所述电子封装胶粘剂为新能源领域的电子封装胶粘剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明的聚氨酯组合物在加入聚醚二元醇和异氰酸酯的基础上,还加入端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇、超支化聚酯多元醇和改性导热填料,通过这些组分的配合,聚氨酯组合物具有良好的导热性能和粘接性能,并且经高温处理后,仍保持良好的导热性能和粘接性能。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚、完整的描述本发明的技术方案,以下通过具体实施例进一步详细说明本发明,应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明,可以在本发明权利限定的范围内进行各种改变。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种具有稳定导热性能的聚氨酯组合物,其包括质量比为1:1的组分A和组分B;
组分A包括如下重量份数的组分:6份聚醚二元醇(平均分子量为500)、10份端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇、6份超支化聚酯多元醇(Boltorn H20)、2份聚醚胺(D230)、15份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、0.1份催化剂(二月桂酸二丁基锡)、60.9份改性导热填料。
组分B包括如下重量份数的组分:10份二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯、80份改性导热填料、10份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯。
其中,本实施例的改性导热填料通过如下方法制得:将数量比为5:1的直径为10mm和直径为6mm的玛瑙珠置于250mL四氟乙烯球磨罐中,再加入100g绝缘导热填料、1g尿素和2g KH550,用高纯氮气置换罐内空气并密封,采用行星式球磨机、以500rpm转速球磨4h,冷却至室温后,过筛后得到改性导热填料;其中绝缘导热填料由D90粒径为50μm的氮化铝、D90粒径为5μm的氧化铝和D90粒径为30μm的氮化硼按3:2:1的质量比混匀得到。
其中,本实施例的端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇按照专利CN113773417A的实施例3制得。
本实施例的聚氨酯组合物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将组分A中除催化剂之外的各组分搅拌混合均匀后加热到120℃,抽真空至-90KPa以下脱水2h,然后降温至35℃以下加入催化剂,抽真空至-90KPa以下继续搅拌0.5h,加入到三辊机研磨,得到组分A;
将组分B中各组分搅拌均匀后加热到60℃反应1.5h,然后降温至35℃以下抽真空至-90KPa以下继续搅拌0.5h,得到组分B。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种具有稳定导热性能的聚氨酯组合物,其包括质量比为1:2的组分A和组分B;
组分A包括如下重量份数的组分:10份聚醚二元醇(平均分子量为800)、20份端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇、8份超支化聚酯多元醇(Boltorn H20)、1份聚醚胺(D230)、10份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、0.1份催化剂(二月桂酸二丁基锡)、50.9份改性导热填料。
组分B包括如下重量份数的组分:30份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、50份改性导热填料,20份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯。
其中,本实施例的改性导热填料和端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇同实施例1。
本实施例的聚氨酯组合物的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种具有稳定导热性能的聚氨酯组合物,其包括质量比为1:1的组分A和组分B;
组分A包括如下重量份数的组分:6份聚醚二元醇(平均分子量为500)、10份端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇、6份超支聚酯化多元醇(Boltorn H20)、2份聚醚胺(D230)、15份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、0.1份催化剂(二月桂酸二丁基锡)、60.9份改性导热填料。
组分B包括如下重量份数的组分:10份二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯、80份改性导热填料,10份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯。
其中,本实施例的改性导热填料与实施例1的改性导热填料不同之处在于:改性导热填料中的绝缘导热填料由D90粒径为30μm的氮化铝、D90粒径为30μm的氧化铝和D90粒径为30μm的氮化硼按3:2:1的质量比混匀得到。
本实施例的端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇同实施例1。
本实施例的聚氨酯组合物的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种具有稳定导热性能的聚氨酯组合物,其包括质量比为1:1的组分A和组分B;
组分A包括如下重量份数的组分:6份聚醚二元醇(平均分子量为500)、10份端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇、6份超支化聚酯多元醇(Boltorn H20)、2份聚醚胺(D230)、15份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、0.1份催化剂(二月桂酸二丁基锡)、60.9份改性导热填料。
组分B包括如下重量份数的组分:10份二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯、80份改性导热填料,10份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯。
其中,本实施例的改性导热填料与实施例1的改性导热填料的不同之处在于:改性导热填料中的绝缘导热填料D90粒径为50μm的氮化铝(即选用单一成分的绝缘导热填料)。
其中,本实施例的端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇同实施例1。
本实施例的聚氨酯组合物的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种具有稳定导热性能的聚氨酯组合物,其包括质量比为1:1的组分A和组分B;
组分A包括如下重量份数的组分:6份聚醚二元醇(平均分子量为500)、10份端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇、6份超支化聚酯多元醇(Hyper H30)、2份聚醚胺(D230)、15份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、0.1份催化剂(二月桂酸二丁基锡)、60.9份改性导热填料。
组分B包括如下重量份数的组分:10份二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯、80份改性导热填料,10份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯。其中,本实施例的改性导热填料和端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇同实施例1。
其中,本实施例的改性导热填料和端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇同实施例1。
本实施例的聚氨酯组合物的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例6
本实施例提供一种具有稳定导热性能的聚氨酯组合物,其包括质量比为1:1的组分A和组分B;
组分A包括如下重量份数的组分:8份聚醚二元醇(平均分子量为500)、10份端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇、6份超支化聚酯多元醇(Boltorn H20)、15份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、0.1份催化剂(二月桂酸二丁基锡)、60.9份改性导热填料。
组分B包括如下重量份数的组分:10份二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯、80份改性导热填料,10份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯。
其中,本实施例的改性导热填料和端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇同实施例1。
本实施例的聚氨酯组合物的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例7
本实施例提供一种具有稳定导热性能的聚氨酯组合物,其包括质量比为1:1的组分A和组分B;
组分A包括如下重量份数的组分:6份聚醚二元醇(平均分子量为500)、10份端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇、6份超支化聚酯多元醇(Boltorn H20)、2份聚醚胺(D230)、15份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、0.1份催化剂(二月桂酸二丁基锡)、60.9份改性导热填料。
组分B包括如下重量份数的组分:10份二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯、80份改性导热填料、10份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯。
其中,本实施例的改性导热填料的制备方法与实施例1的改性导热填料的不同之处在于:制备改性导热填料的过程中将尿素替换为双氰胺。
本实施例的端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇同实施例1。
本实施例的聚氨酯组合物的制备方法同实施例1。
对比例1
本对比例提供一种聚氨酯组合物,其配方与实施例1基本相同,不同之处在于:组分A中,不加入超支聚酯化多元醇,聚醚二元醇的加入量为12份。
本对比例的聚氨酯组合物的制备方法同实施例1。
对比例2
本对比例提供一种聚氨酯组合物,其配方与实施例1基本相同,不同之处在于:将改性导热填料制备的过程不加入尿素,相应地,组分A和组分B中,加入的导热填料未经尿素改性。
本对比例的聚氨酯组合物的制备方法同实施例1。
对比例3
本对比例提供一种聚氨酯组合物,其配方与实施例1基本相同,不同之处在于:组分A中,不加入端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇,聚醚二元醇的加入量为16份。
本对比例的聚氨酯组合物的制备方法同实施例1。
性能测试
取各实施例和对比例的聚氨酯组合物,按照以下方法或标准测试其性能:
导热率:通过QTM-500导热系数测定仪使用稳态法进行测定;同时测试其初始导热率和经85℃、168小时处理后的导热率。
剪切强度:按照GB/T7124-2008进行测试;同时测试其初始剪切强度和经85℃、168小时处理后的剪切强度。
各实施例和对比例的聚氨酯组合物的性能测试结果如表1所示。
表1
从表1可知:
实施例1~7的聚氨酯组合物的初始导热率都在3.0W/m·K以上,初始剪切强度都在20.5MPa以上;经高温处理后的导热率都在2.9W/m·K以上,经高温处理后的剪切强度都在18.5MPa以上,导热率和剪切强度的保持率(保持率的计算方式为:高温处理后的测试值除以初始测试值)都达到90%以上,表明本发明的聚氨酯组合物具有良好的导热性能和粘接性能,并且经高温处理后,仍保持良好的导热性能和粘接性能。
对比例1不加入超支化多元醇,其聚氨酯组合物的初始导热性能和初始剪切强度不佳,经高温处理后,导热率的保持率约为79%,剪切强度保持率约为66%,导热性能和粘接性能的保持情况差。对比例2加入的导热填料未经尿素改性,其聚氨酯组合物的初始导热性能和初始剪切强度差,经高温处理后,导热率的保持率约为78%,剪切强度保持率约为65%,导热性能和粘接性能的保持情况差。对比例3不加入端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇,其聚氨酯组合物经高温处理后的导热率的保持率约为78%,剪切强度保持率约为62%,导热性能和粘接性能的保持情况差。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有稳定导热性能的聚氨酯组合物,其特征在于,包括质量比为1:(0.5~3)的组分A和组分B;
所述组分A包括如下重量份数的组分:聚醚二元醇5~20份,端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇5~20份,超支化聚酯多元醇5~10份,改性导热填料30~90份,增塑剂5~20份,催化剂0.01~1份;
所述组分B包括如下重量份数的组分:异氰酸酯10~30份,改性导热填料50~90份,增塑剂5~20份;
所述改性导热填料为二元胺改性的绝缘导热填料。
2.根据权利要求1所述聚氨酯组合物,其特征在于,所述聚醚二元醇的数均分子量为1000~10000。
3.根据权利要求1所述聚氨酯组合物,其特征在于,所述端羟基聚丙烯酸酯二元醇在α,α’-二碘对二甲苯作为链转移剂的条件下制得。
4.根据权利要求1所述聚氨酯组合物,其特征在于,所述超支化聚酯多元醇的羟基含量为:每摩尔的超支化聚酯多元醇含5~50mol的羟基。
5.根据权利要求1所述聚氨酯组合物,其特征在于,对绝缘导热填料和二元胺进行球磨,即得。
6.根据权利要求1所述聚氨酯组合物,其特征在于,所述改性导热填料中,绝缘导热填料与二元胺的质量比为100:(1~2)。
7.根据权利要求1所述聚氨酯组合物,其特征在于,所述绝缘导热填料为陶瓷绝缘填料。
8.根据权利要求1所述聚氨酯组合物,其特征在于,所述绝缘导热填料包括质量比为(4~6):1的第一绝缘导热填料和第二绝缘导热填料,所述第一绝缘导热填料和第二绝缘导热填料的D90粒径分别为45~60μm和20~35μm。
9.权利要求1~8任一所述聚氨酯组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将组分A的各组分混合,即得组分A;将组分B的各组分混合,即得组分B。
10.权利要求1~8任一所述聚氨酯组合物在制备电子封装胶粘剂中的应用。
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