CN118066042A - 液氢系统 - Google Patents

液氢系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118066042A
CN118066042A CN202311519651.7A CN202311519651A CN118066042A CN 118066042 A CN118066042 A CN 118066042A CN 202311519651 A CN202311519651 A CN 202311519651A CN 118066042 A CN118066042 A CN 118066042A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
tank
pressure
liquid
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202311519651.7A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
山本亮介
斋藤典彦
伊东直昭
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Motor Corp filed Critical Toyota Motor Corp
Publication of CN118066042A publication Critical patent/CN118066042A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02Discharging liquefied gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01Shape
    • F17C2201/0104Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03Orientation
    • F17C2201/035Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05Size
    • F17C2201/056Small (<1 m3)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629Two walls
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0311Closure means
    • F17C2205/0314Closure means breakable, e.g. with burst discs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323Valves
    • F17C2205/0326Valves electrically actuated
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323Valves
    • F17C2205/0332Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0338Pressure regulators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012Hydrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0107Propulsion of the fluid by pressurising the ullage
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135Pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0178Arrangement in the vessel
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    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0323Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid in a closed loop
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/01Intermediate tanks
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F17C2250/032Control means using computers
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    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043Pressure
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    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F17C2250/0439Temperature
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    • F17C2250/0443Flow or movement of content
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    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F17C2250/072Action when predefined value is reached
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2260/00Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2265/00Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/031Treating the boil-off by discharge
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    • F17C2265/00Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
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    • F17C2270/00Applications
    • F17C2270/01Applications for fluid transport or storage
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Abstract

本发明提供一种液氢系统。液氢系统(10)具备:氢罐(12),搭载于车辆,积存液氢;供给回路(30),将所述液氢从所述氢罐(12)取出之后,转换为氢气,向氢发动机(100)供给;及回流回路(60),从所述供给回路(30)分支而与所述氢罐(12)连接,并且,以所述氢罐(12)的内压成为规定的基准压力(Pst)以上的方式使所述氢气回流到所述氢罐(12)。

Description

液氢系统
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2022年11月24日提交的日本专利申请2022-187644号的优先权,包括其说明书、权利要求书、附图及摘要在内的全部均援引于此。
技术领域
本说明书公开了将氢以液体状态积存并转换为气体状态而向氢发动机供给的液氢系统。
背景技术
一直以来,已知有将向氢发动机供给的氢以液体状态直接积存的液氢系统。例如,专利文献1公开了将液氢积存于氢罐,通过泵将该液氢取出之后,进行气化而向氢发动机供给的系统。这样,将氢以液体状态积存,由此与以气体状态积存的情况相比,能够增加氢的积存量。
【在先技术文献】
【专利文献】
【专利文献1】日本专利第2886204号公报
然而,在这样的液氢系统中,如果由氢发动机产生的氢的消耗量急增,则当然在短时间内从氢罐取出大量的液氢。因此,担心由于取出大量的液氢而氢罐的内压会过度下降。当氢罐的内压过度下降时,基于泵的液氢的排出变得困难。
然而,在专利文献1等现有技术中,关于这样的与液氢的取出相伴的内压下降,未被研讨。结果是,在现有技术中,有时无法向氢发动机适当地供给氢。
因此,在本说明书中,公开一种能够向氢发动机适当地供给氢的液氢系统。
发明内容
【用于解决课题的方案】
本说明书公开的液氢系统的特征在于,具备:氢罐,搭载于车辆,积存液氢;供给回路,将所述液氢从所述氢罐取出之后,转换为氢气,向氢发动机供给;及回流回路,从所述供给回路分支而与所述氢罐连接,并且,以所述氢罐的内压成为规定的基准压力以上的方式使所述氢气回流到所述氢罐。
通过具备使氢气回流的回流回路,能够防止氢罐的内压过度下降的情况。并且,由此,能够防止基于泵的液氢的排出不良,结果是能够向氢发动机适当地供给氢。
在该情况下,可以是,所述液氢系统还具备:压力传感器,检测所述氢罐的内压作为罐内压;及控制器,所述回流回路包括回流切断阀,该回流切断阀能够电气性地开闭,在所述罐内压小于所述基准压力的情况下,所述控制器使所述回流切断阀打开。
通过设为上述结构,能够更可靠地将氢罐的内压保持为基准压力以上。
另外,所述回流回路可以还包括回流用减压阀,该回流用减压阀设置在比所述回流切断阀靠所述氢罐侧处,将所述氢气减压并输出。
通过设为上述结构,能够防止氢罐的内压过度升高的情况。
另外,所述供给回路可以具有腔室,该腔室与所述供给回路的比所述回流回路的分支点靠上游侧处进行流体连接,并暂时积存所述氢气。
在设为了上述结构的情况下,通过在腔室内积存的氢气能够调整氢气的些许的过与不足。结果是,能够抑制氢气的压力变动,而且,通过腔室能够吸收氢供给控制的响应延迟。而且,通过设为上述结构,即使忽视氢气的回流量地算出氢的供给量也不会产生问题,因此能够简化氢的供给控制。
另外,所述液氢系统可以还具备升压泵,该升压泵为了从所述氢罐取出所述液氢而将所述液氢加压并排出。
通过使用升压泵,能够将氢罐要求的耐压性能抑制得低。需要说明的是,在使用了升压泵的情况下,随着罐内压的下降而泵成为不能排出的可能性升高。然而,本申请说明书中公开的液氢系统具备回流回路,因此即便使用升压泵,也能够防止泵的不能排出。
【发明效果】
根据本说明书公开的液氢系统,能够向氢发动机适当地供给氢。
附图说明
图1是表示液氢系统的结构的图。
图2是表示由控制器进行的电动机转速的控制的框图。
图3是表示回流切断阀的动作的坐标图。
图4是表示回流切断阀的开闭控制的流程的流程图。
图5是表示回流切断阀的开闭控制的流程的另一例的流程图。
图6是表示液氢系统的另一结构的图。
图7是表示由控制器进行的电动机转速的控制的另一例的框图。
【标号说明】
10液氢系统,12氢罐,14内罐,16外罐,18收集部,19填充回路,20填充流路,22放出流路,24连接器,26氢泵(升压泵),28泵电动机,30供给回路,32液体流路,33气体流路,34气化器,36冷却介质流路,38冷却介质泵,40压力腔室,41压力传感器,42流入流路,44流出流路,46止回阀,48腔室用切断阀,50供给用减压阀,52喷射器,54流量计,60回流回路,62回流流路,64回流切断阀,66回流用减压阀,68止回阀,72蒸发流路,76温度传感器,78压力传感器,80控制器,82处理器,84存储器,86流量控制器,88压力控制器,100氢发动机,110热源。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图,说明液氢系统10的结构。图1是表示液氢系统10的结构的示意图。该液氢系统10将氢以液体状态积存,并将氢转换为气体状态而向氢发动机100供给。液氢系统10及氢发动机100搭载于车辆。氢发动机100的结构没有特别限定。以下,氢发动机100设为将氢气向发动机气缸内直喷的直喷式氢发动机。
液氢系统10具有积存液氢的氢罐12。氢罐12将液氢隔热地积存。作为上述的氢罐12,例如,可以使用双重构造的容器。在该情况下,氢罐12具有内罐14和覆盖内罐14的外罐16,在内罐14与外罐16之间形成有真空隔热层。
氢罐12为了将作用于内壁的压力保持得均匀而为球形或草袋形。而且,在氢罐12的底面设有比周边凹陷的收集部18。后述的氢泵26配置于该收集部18。通过设为上述的结构,即使在液氢的剩余量减少的情况下,也能够使氢泵26位于液中,能够将液氢排出至最后为止。
在氢罐12中,液氢被保持为低温。而且,在氢罐12中,液氢的压力是与大气压大致相同或比大气压稍高的压力,例如,为1Mpa以下。在此,内罐14被真空隔热。然而,无法完全防止热量输入,随着时间的经过,积存的液氢发生自然气化。由自然气化产生的氢气(即,蒸发气体)滞留在氢罐12的上部。
液氢经由填充回路19从外部向氢罐12填充。填充回路19具有液氢流动的填充流路20和将氢气向外部引导的放出流路22。填充流路20及放出流路22都从连接器24延伸至氢罐12的内部。填充回路19经由连接器24与在外部的氢站设置的填充软管(未图示)连结。在外部的氢站积存的液氢通过填充流路20向氢罐12供给。而且,在液氢的填充的过程中产生的蒸发气体通过放出流路22向外部放出。
在氢罐12设有将积存的液氢排出而向氢发动机100送出的氢泵26。在本例中,该氢泵26是对液氢进行加压并排出的升压泵。例如,氢泵26可以是通过使柱塞在配置于液中的气缸内往复移动而吸入及排出液体的活塞泵。在该情况下,在气缸的吸入口及排出口分别预先设置止回阀。该氢泵26由泵电动机28驱动。通过设置具有这样的升压功能的氢泵26,能够降低氢罐12所需的耐压性能。
即,如上所述,在本例中,氢发动机100是将氢气向发动机气缸直接喷射的直喷式。直喷的氢气与大气压相比要求非常高的压力(例如,5Mpa~几十Mp等)。为了得到所述高压的氢气,在气化之前,即液体的状态下,要求充分高的压力。因此,也可考虑将高压(例如,几十Mp)的液氢积存于氢罐12的情况。然而,在该情况下,不得不提高氢罐12的耐压性能,会招致氢罐12涉及的成本的增加、重量的增加。
另一方面,在本例中,将氢罐12内的液氢的压力设为与大气压大致相同的压力或比大气压稍高的压力,在使该液氢气化的情况下,在通过氢泵26充分地升压之后取出所需的量。通过设为上述结构,能够将氢罐12的耐压性能抑制得低,并得到充分高的压力的氢气。并且,由于所需的耐压性能下降,能够降低氢罐12所需的成本。而且,由于所需的耐压性能下降,氢罐12能够轻量化。此外,由于所需的耐压性能下降,可以采用球形及草袋形以外的形状作为氢罐12的形状,氢罐12的形状的自由度提高。
从氢泵26排出的液氢通过供给回路30向氢发动机100供给。供给回路30具有液体流路32、气体流路33、气化器34、压力腔室40、供给用减压阀50。液体流路32是将从氢泵26排出的液氢向气化器34引导的流路。气化器34是通过使液氢与冷却介质换热而将液氢转换为氢气的换热器。由气化器34产生的氢气向气体流路33输出。
在气化器34的内部设置冷却介质流路36。冷却介质流路36使冷却介质在气化器34与热源110之间循环。冷却介质没有特别限定,可以是例如氦等气体,也可以是水等液体。而且,热源110也没有特别限定。因此,热源110例如可以是氢发动机100,也可以是通过电力而发热的加热器。由热源110加热后的冷却介质在气化器34中对液氢进行加热。由此,液氢气化,产生氢气。氢由于气化而其体积大幅增加。需要说明的是,冷却介质由冷却介质泵38进行压力输送。
气体流路33是将氢气从气化器34向喷射器52引导的流路。在气体流路33经由流入流路42和流出流路44连接压力腔室40。压力腔室40是暂时积存氢气的容器。压力腔室40的容量是能够覆盖掉氢气的供给控制的响应延迟的程度的容量。例如,压力腔室40的容量是氢发动机100的最大氢消耗流量的几秒~60秒量的容量。通过设置上述的压力腔室40,即使氢发动机100的消耗量急变,也能够防止氢气的不足。
在流入流路42设有禁止从压力腔室40朝向气体流路33的流动的止回阀46。而且,在流出流路44设置腔室用切断阀48。在对氢发动机100进行驱动的期间中,腔室用切断阀48原则上打开。而且,流入流路42位于比流出流路44靠上游侧处。因此,在气体流路33的压力比压力腔室40的内压高的情况下,止回阀46打开,氢气向压力腔室40流入。另一方面,在压力腔室40的内压比气体流路33的压力高的情况下,积存于压力腔室40的氢气通过流出流路44向气体流路33供给。其结果是,向供给用减压阀50供给的氢气的压力与压力腔室40的内压大致相同。
压力传感器41检测压力腔室40的内压。以下,将基于压力传感器41的检测值称为“氢气压力Pgh”。如后文详细说明那样,控制器80以氢气压力Pgh成为预先规定的目标氢气压力Pgh*的方式控制泵电动机28的转速。
在比流出流路44靠下游侧处设置供给用减压阀50。供给用减压阀50将氢气减压至适合于氢发动机100的压力。减压后的氢气经由喷射器52向氢发动机100供给。氢气向该氢发动机100的供给流量由流量计54检测。以下,将由流量计54检测的氢气的流量称为“氢气流量Qgh”。
回流回路60是从供给回路30分支,使氢气向氢罐12回流的回路。上述的回流回路60具有回流流路62、回流切断阀64、回流用减压阀66、止回阀68。回流流路62是在比流出流路44靠下游侧且比供给用减压阀50靠上游侧的位置处从气体流路33分支的流路。回流流路62在从气体流路33分支之后,朝向氢罐12,与氢罐12的内部连通。
回流切断阀64是对回流流路62进行开闭的阀,由控制器80开闭控制。当回流切断阀64打开时,向供给回路30流动的氢气的一部分返回氢罐12。回流用减压阀66设置在比回流切断阀64靠下游侧(即,从分支点离开侧)处。回流用减压阀66将氢气减压成即使返回氢罐12也没有问题的程度的压力。止回阀68设置在比回流用减压阀66靠下游侧处。止回阀68仅允许从回流用减压阀66朝向氢罐12的方向的流动,防止氢气的逆流。关于设置上述回流回路60的理由,在后文叙述。
在氢罐12还连接有蒸发流路72。蒸发流路72是在氢罐12的内压超过了规定的安全值Psf的情况下打开的流路。通过使蒸发流路72打开而将氢罐12的内部积存的氢气的一部分向外部放出。由此,能防止氢罐12的内压过度升高的情况。即,如上所述,内罐14虽然被真空隔热,但是无法完全防止热量输入。其结果是,积存的液氢的一部分自然气化,产生氢气(所谓蒸发气体)。如果对这样的氢气放任不管,则氢罐12的内压过度升高。因此,在氢罐12的内压超过了规定的安全值Psf的情况下,使蒸发流路72打开,将氢气的一部分向罐外部放出。
需要说明的是,在图1中,将蒸发流路72仅图示一个。然而,蒸发流路72可以设置多个。例如,可以设置以第一安全值打开的第一蒸发流路和以比第一安全值高的第二安全值打开的第二蒸发流路。而且,蒸发流路72可以是反复进行开闭的结构,可以是如果一旦打开则不能关闭的结构。因此,在蒸发流路72可以设置能够开闭的阀,也可以设置在压力超过了安全值Psf的情况下被机械地破坏而维持打开状态的爆破片(rupture disk)。
氢罐12的内压及温度由压力传感器78及温度传感器76检测。以下,将由压力传感器78检测的氢罐12的内压称为“罐内压Pt”。
控制器80控制液氢系统10的动作。控制器80在物理上是具有处理器82、存储器84的计算机。该“计算机”也包括将计算机系统装入于一个集成电路的微型控制器。而且,控制器80并不局限于一个计算机,可以将机械地分离的多个计算机组合而构成。控制器80基于由各种传感器检测到的值,对设置于液氢系统10的多个阀、泵的驱动进行控制。
具体而言,控制器80根据来自发动机控制部(未图示)的要求,控制氢气向氢发动机100的供给流量。氢气的供给流量与液氢的排出流量Qlh成比例,排出流量Qlh与泵电动机28的转速Nm成比例。因此,控制器80将由流量计54检测到的氢气流量Qgh作为反馈值,对电动机转速Nm进行反馈控制。而且,为了适当地驱动氢发动机100,除了氢气的流量之外,压力也需要为适当值。因此,控制器80对由压力传感器41检测到的氢气压力Pgh也进行反馈,来控制电动机转速Nm。
图2是表示由控制器80进行的电动机转速Nm的控制的框图。控制器80作为图2所示的控制块发挥功能。在图2中,流量控制器86是对于输入值实施规定的控制运算的运算器。控制运算没有特别限定,可以包括例如将输入值乘以比例增益的比例运算、将输入值的积分值乘以积分增益的积分运算、及将输入值的微分值乘以微分增益的微分运算中的至少一个。压力控制器88也同样地对输入值实施规定的控制运算。
如图2所示,在本例中,从目标氢气流量Qgh*减去由流量计54检测到的氢气流量Qgh,算出流量偏差。流量控制器86以流量偏差为输入,输出第一指令值C1。在此,目标氢气流量Qgh*例如基于车辆的加速器开度来决定。
另外,从目标氢气压力Pgh*减去由压力传感器41检测到的氢气压力Pgh,算出压力偏差。压力控制器88以压力偏差为输入,输出第二指令值C2。在此,目标氢气压力Pgh*是根据氢发动机100的特性而决定的值,原则上是不变的固定位置。控制器80将第一指令值C1及第二指令值C2的相加值作为电动机转速指令Nm*,来控制泵电动机28的驱动。
在此,通过到目前为止的说明而明确可知,控制器80根据来自氢发动机100的要求来驱动泵电动机28,从氢罐12排出液氢。由氢发动机100产生的氢的消耗量增加,液氢的排出流量Qlh增大时,氢罐12的内压有时会下降。
即,在氢罐12的内部始终产生微量的蒸发气体(即氢气)。如果液氢的排出流量Qlh比该蒸发气体的产生量(以下称为“蒸发量Qbf”)大,则罐内压Pt逐渐下降。
如果罐内压Pt过度降低,则通过氢泵26无法正常地排出液氢。特别是在氢泵26是对液氢进行加压的升压泵的情况下,为了排出液氢而需要将液氢加压至高压的排出压。然而,如果罐内压Pt下降,进而液氢的压力下降,则无法将液氢加压至高压的排出压,无法适当地排出液氢。因此,在本例中,为了使罐内压Pt保持规定的基准压力以上而适当地使回流回路60打开,使向供给回路30流动的氢气的一部分向氢罐12回流。
更具体而言,在本例中,如果由压力传感器78检测的罐内压Pt小于规定的基准压力Pst,则使回流切断阀64打开,将氢气向氢罐12引导。需要说明的是,在回流切断阀64中通过的氢气与氢罐12的内压相比为高压。因此,在本例中,在回流切断阀64的下游侧设置回流用减压阀66,将氢气减压成适合于向氢罐12的流入的压力。例如,回流用减压阀66将氢气减压成比基准压力Pst高且比安全值Psf低的压力。并且,通过使向供给回路30流动的氢气的一部分向氢罐12回流,能够防止氢罐12的内压过度下降的情况,能够适当地使由氢泵26进行的液氢的排出适当地继续。
需要说明的是,当然,基准压力Pst远低于使蒸发流路72打开的安全值Psf。而且,基准压力Pst可以不是单一的值而具有一定程度的滞后幅度。图3是表示回流切断阀64的动作的坐标图。在图3中,横轴表示罐内压Pt,纵轴表示回流切断阀64的状态。而且,图4是表示回流切断阀64的开闭控制的流程的流程图。
在图3、图4的例子中,设定下侧基准压力Pst_lw和比下侧基准压力Pst_lw高的上侧基准压力Pst_up作为基准压力Pst。控制器80始终监视罐内压Pt。并且,在罐内压Pt减少的过程中,在罐内压Pt跨过下侧基准压力Pst_lw的情况下(S10为“是”),控制器80使回流切断阀64打开(S12)。
在使回流切断阀64打开之后,控制器80在罐内压Pt增加的过程中,监视罐内压Pt是否跨过上侧基准压力Pst_up(S14)。在罐内压Pt未超过上侧基准压力Pst_up的情况下(S14为“否”),控制器80将回流切断阀64仍维持为打开状态。通过回流切断阀64打开而氢气向氢罐12流入,罐内压Pt逐渐上升。并且,在罐内压Pt超过了上侧基准压力Pst_up的情况下(S14为“是”),控制器80将回流切断阀64关闭(S16)。然后,返回步骤S10,重复进行同样的处理。
需要说明的是,在此说明的控制为一例。只要将罐内压Pt保持为基准压力Pst以上即可,回流流路62的开闭控制可以适当变更。例如,在上述的说明中,对由压力传感器78检测到的罐内压Pt进行反馈而对回流切断阀64进行开闭控制。然而,也可以基于罐内压Pt以外的参数,对回流切断阀64进行开闭控制。例如,也可以基于液氢的排出流量Qlh,对回流切断阀64进行开闭控制。
图5是表示基于排出流量Qlh的回流切断阀64的开闭控制的流程的流程图。在该情况下,控制器80基于向泵电动机28输出的电动机转速指令Nm*,算出液氢的排出流量Qlh(S20)。通常,排出流量Qlh是电动机转速指令Nm*的比例值。
接下来,控制器80从排出流量Qlh减去蒸发量Qbf,算出氢增减量ΔQ(S22)。需要说明的是,作为蒸发量Qbf,可以使用预先设定的固定值,也可以使用根据由温度传感器76检测到的温度而变化的变动值。
接下来,控制器80将氢增减量ΔQ和0向MAX函数输入,算出氢减少量Qd=MAX(ΔQ,0)(S24)。需要说明的是,MAX函数是将被输入的多个变量中的最大的值输出的函数。在步骤S24中,如果氢增减量ΔQ超过0,则成为Qd=ΔQ,如果氢增减量ΔQ为0以下,则成为Qd=0。在氢减少量Qd超过0的情况下,原封不动的话,罐内压Pt逐渐下降。因此,控制器80使回流切断阀64打开(Qd×Kt)秒(S26)。在此,系数Kt是预先规定的固定值。并且,如果经过(Qd×Kt)秒,则控制器80将回流切断阀64关闭,返回步骤S20。需要说明的是,在Qd=0的情况下,当然,回流切断阀64仍关闭,氢气未回流。
这样,基于排出流量Qlh,使回流切断阀64的打开时间变动,由此,在罐内压Pt下降之前,能够使氢气回流,能够更适当地保持氢泵26的动作。
此外,作为另一方式,可以利用止回阀68的打开压力,通过趋势对回流流路62进行开闭。例如图6所示,在回流流路62中,可以去除回流切断阀64及回流用减压阀66而仅设置止回阀68。在该情况下,将止回阀46的打开压力Pvo预先设定为相当于目标氢气压力Pgh*与基准压力Pst的压力差的压力。即,设为Pvo=Pgh*-Pst。
在此,止回阀68的一次侧的压力与由压力传感器41检测的氢气压力Pgh大致相同。而且,控制器80以使氢气压力Pgh与目标氢气压力Pgh*一致的方式进行反馈控制。因此,止回阀68的一次侧的压力与目标氢气压力Pgh*大致相同。如果氢罐12的内压下降而小于基准压力Pst,则打开压力Pvo以上的压力作用于止回阀68,使止回阀68打开。并且,由此,氢气向氢罐12回流,罐内压Pt上升。如果罐内压Pt上升而止回阀68的一次侧与二次侧的压力差小于打开压力Pvo,则止回阀68自动关闭,氢气的回流停止。这样,利用止回阀68,通过趋势对回流流路62进行开闭,由此能够简化由控制器80进行的控制。
然而,在使氢气的一部分向氢罐12回流的情况下,相应地,额外需要氢气。例如,在使回流量Qr的氢气向氢罐12回流的情况下,作为液氢系统整体,需要将向氢发动机100供给的目标氢气流量Qgh*加上回流量Qr所得到的量的氢气。因此,本来,在图2中,就应该将该相加值Qgh*+Qr设定为流量的目标值。然而,在考虑到回流量Qr的情况下,控制变得复杂,运算量增加。
在此,回流量Qr与向氢发动机100供给的氢气流量Qgh相比大幅减小。而且,在本例中,在供给回路30的中途设置压力腔室40,暂时积存氢气。氢气的些许的过与不足通过暂时积存于该压力腔室40的氢气能够吸收。因此,在具有压力腔室40的本例中,忽视回流量Qr地算出电动机转速指令Nm*。本例具有压力腔室40,因此即使忽视回流量Qr,也能够防止氢气的不足。而且,在电动机转速指令Nm*的算出中,通过忽视回流量Qr,能够减少控制用的运算量。
但是,当然,可以将回流量Qr放入到电动机转速控制中。即,可以将图2中的参数Qgh*置换为Qgh*+Qr。在该情况下,回流量Qr通过例如Qr=MAX(ΔQ,0)的式子算出。
另外,作为另一方式,如图7所示,为了算出电动机转速指令Nm*,可以将罐内压Pt反馈。具体而言,控制器80从基准压力Pst减去罐内压Pt而算出罐压力偏差ΔPt。而且,控制器80将该罐压力偏差ΔPt和值0向函数MAX()输入,算出该输出值乘以规定的增益Kn所得到的值作为第三指令值C3。并且,控制器80将三个指令值C1、C2、C3相加后的值作为电动机转速指令Nm*输出。
这样,将氢气的回流量Qr与目标流量相加,或者将罐内压Pt反馈,由此能够排出更适当的量的液氢,能够抑制气体流路33中的氢气的压力变动。
另外,到目前为止说明的结构都为一例。液氢系统10只要具有使向供给回路30流动的氢气的一部分向氢罐12回流的回流回路60即可,其他的结构可以变更。例如,在图1中,在回流回路60设置止回阀68,但是只要设置回流切断阀64即可,可以不用止回阀68。而且,在到目前为止的说明中,在回流回路60设置压力腔室40或供给用减压阀50,但是可以不用它们。而且,在本例中,氢泵26设为将液氢加压而排出的升压泵,但是氢泵26可以是不对液氢进行加压的结构。此外,氢发动机100并不局限于直喷式的发动机,可以是其他的方式,例如,端口喷射式的发动机。

Claims (6)

1.一种液氢系统,其特征在于,具备:
氢罐,搭载于车辆,积存液氢;
供给回路,将所述液氢从所述氢罐取出之后,转换为氢气,向氢发动机供给;及
回流回路,从所述供给回路分支而与所述氢罐连接,并且,以所述氢罐的内压成为规定的基准压力以上的方式使所述氢气回流到所述氢罐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液氢系统,其特征在于,
所述液氢系统还具备:
压力传感器,检测所述氢罐的内压作为罐内压;及
控制器,
所述回流回路包括回流切断阀,该回流切断阀能够电气性地开闭,
在所述罐内压小于所述基准压力的情况下,所述控制器使所述回流切断阀打开。
3.根据权利要求2所述的液氢系统,其特征在于,
所述回流回路还包括回流用减压阀,该回流用减压阀设置在比所述回流切断阀靠所述氢罐侧处,将所述氢气减压并输出。
4.根据权利要求1至3的任一项所述的液氢系统,其特征在于,
所述供给回路具有腔室,该腔室与所述供给回路的比所述回流回路的分支点靠上游侧处进行流体连接,并暂时积存所述氢气。
5.根据权利要求1至3的任一项所述的液氢系统,其特征在于,
所述液氢系统还具备升压泵,该升压泵为了从所述氢罐取出所述液氢而将所述液氢加压并排出。
6.根据权利要求4所述的液氢系统,其特征在于,
所述液氢系统还具备升压泵,该升压泵为了从所述氢罐取出所述液氢而将所述液氢加压并排出。
CN202311519651.7A 2022-11-24 2023-11-15 液氢系统 Pending CN118066042A (zh)

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