CN118056809A - 一种气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法 - Google Patents
一种气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118056809A CN118056809A CN202211444469.5A CN202211444469A CN118056809A CN 118056809 A CN118056809 A CN 118056809A CN 202211444469 A CN202211444469 A CN 202211444469A CN 118056809 A CN118056809 A CN 118056809A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- heptafluoroisobutyronitrile
- catalyst
- iron element
- preparing
- gas phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- AASDJASZOZGYMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propanenitrile Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(C#N)C(F)(F)F AASDJASZOZGYMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- DEYAKVNIRRRJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propanamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F DEYAKVNIRRRJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PDKHNCYLMVRIFV-UHFFFAOYSA-H molybdenum;hexachloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Mo] PDKHNCYLMVRIFV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 5
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical group [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z decaazanium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten;hydron;trioxotungsten Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z 0.000 claims description 4
- YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachlorotungsten Chemical compound Cl[W](Cl)(Cl)Cl YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L molybdic acid Chemical compound O[Mo](O)(=O)=O VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L tungstic acid Chemical compound O[W](O)(=O)=O CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 28
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroacetic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)(F)F QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012024 dehydrating agents Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 101150116295 CAT2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101100326920 Caenorhabditis elegans ctl-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101100126846 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) katG gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- DFEYYRMXOJXZRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sevoflurane Chemical compound FCOC(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F DFEYYRMXOJXZRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229960002078 sevoflurane Drugs 0.000 description 5
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical class CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 perfluoroalkyl nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101100208039 Rattus norvegicus Trpv5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyramide Chemical compound CC(C)C(N)=O WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IHUHXSNGMLUYES-UHFFFAOYSA-J osmium(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Os](Cl)(Cl)Cl IHUHXSNGMLUYES-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- 101100494773 Caenorhabditis elegans ctl-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100112369 Fasciola hepatica Cat-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100005271 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) cat-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- XZQYTGKSBZGQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-I Rhenium(V) chloride Inorganic materials Cl[Re](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl XZQYTGKSBZGQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyronitrile Chemical compound CC(C)C#N LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- GDXTWKJNMJAERW-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+);tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mo+4] GDXTWKJNMJAERW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXMRNSHDSCDMLG-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachlororhenium Chemical compound Cl[Re](Cl)(Cl)Cl UXMRNSHDSCDMLG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium ethoxide Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XETRHNFRKCNWAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanoyl 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanoate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F XETRHNFRKCNWAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100392078 Caenorhabditis elegans cat-4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150019148 Slc7a3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDSPJHKEQGWSAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propanoyl] 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propanoate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F CDSPJHKEQGWSAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPVWIPKRZBLZSK-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Ir](Cl)(Cl)Cl.N Chemical compound [Ir](Cl)(Cl)Cl.N CPVWIPKRZBLZSK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BXTPDVUPAKXURS-UHFFFAOYSA-J [OH-].[Re+4].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-] Chemical group [OH-].[Re+4].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-] BXTPDVUPAKXURS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XZXAIFLKPKVPLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);dinitrate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XZXAIFLKPKVPLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRBXXQDKBKTWOC-UHFFFAOYSA-J diazanium;hexachloroosmium(2-) Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Os+4] SRBXXQDKBKTWOC-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002587 enol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021513 gallium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ga](Cl)Cl UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- DNUARHPNFXVKEI-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium(iii) hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ga+3] DNUARHPNFXVKEI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFFSXJKVKBQEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptafluorobutyric anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UFFSXJKVKBQEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IUJMNDNTFMJNEL-UHFFFAOYSA-K iridium(3+);trihydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ir+3] IUJMNDNTFMJNEL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940047889 isobutyramide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000487 osmium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CDCFKVCOZYCTBR-UHFFFAOYSA-J osmium(4+);tetrahydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Os+4] CDCFKVCOZYCTBR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIWAALDUIFCBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoosmium Chemical compound [Os]=O JIWAALDUIFCBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYIZHKNUQPHNJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxorhenium Chemical compound [Re]=O DYIZHKNUQPHNJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003449 rhenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OJLCQGGSMYKWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ru+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OJLCQGGSMYKWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VDRDGQXTSLSKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(3+);trihydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ru+3] VDRDGQXTSLSKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KKHJTSPUUIRIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachlorostannane;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl KKHJTSPUUIRIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CVNKFOIOZXAFBO-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);tetrahydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Sn+4] CVNKFOIOZXAFBO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical group O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- BDPNSNXYBGIFIE-UHFFFAOYSA-J tungsten;tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[W] BDPNSNXYBGIFIE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法,所述方法包括:在催化剂作用下,七氟异丁酰胺气体脱去一分子水获得七氟异丁腈;所述催化剂为亲铁元素的氧化物,所述亲铁元素包括选自钨、钼、锡或镓中至少一种中度亲铁元素,或选自锇、铱、钌、铼或钛中至少一种强亲铁元素。本发明采用催化剂催化脱水,成本低、三废少、可实现气相连续反应,适用于工业化生产,同时催化剂催化活性高,催化寿命长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及七氟异丁腈的制备,特别涉及一种气相催化脱水制备七氟异丁腈的方法。
背景技术
全氟异丁腈(C4F7N)具有较低的毒性及优异的化学稳定性,其全球变暖潜能值(GWP)为2400,仅为六氟化硫的1/10左右,臭氧消耗潜能值(ODP)为0,与六氟化硫相比,其在大气中的寿命大大缩短,展现出一定的六氟化硫替代气体的潜能。目前,七氟异丁腈的合成主要由七氟异丁酰胺脱水获得,脱水方法主要为脱水剂脱水法。
专利US15997808A中公开了以七氟异丁酸甲酯和氨气为原料生产七氟异丁基酰胺,然后采用吡啶和三氟乙酸酐作为脱水剂发生脱水反应得到七氟异丁腈的方法,其中脱水步骤的产率为74.9%。专利CN108395382A公开了以三氟乙酸酐作为脱水剂脱水获得七氟异丁腈的方法,收率为76%。专利CN110642750A公开了以含氟化羧酸酐(如三氟乙酸酐、五氟丙酸酐、七氟丁酸酐和七氟异丁酸酐)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺作为组合脱水剂,全氟烷基酰胺脱水获得全氟烷基腈的方法。专利CN107935884A公开了七氟异丁酰胺脱水过程中,主要采用的脱水剂为三氟乙酸酐、醋酸酐、氯化亚砜、五氧化二磷或三氯氧磷中的一种或数种,所使用的有机溶剂为吡啶、多聚磷酸、四氯化碳、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、1,4-二氧己环或二甲基亚砜中的一种或数种。
虽然七氟异丁酰胺在脱水剂作用下脱水工艺成熟,但其存在以下缺陷:(1)属于间歇工艺,难以实现大规模连续化生产;(2)采用大量脱水剂,容易产生大量液废或固废,消耗掉的脱水剂难以回收再利用;(3)采用了大量溶剂,由于脱水剂及其副产物的引入,导致溶剂难以回收再利用,产生大量废液,严重污染环境。
因此,逐渐出现了七氟异丁酰胺催化脱水的研究。
专利CN114105820A公开了七氟异丁酰胺在分子筛催化剂作用下发生脱水反应获得七氟异丁腈的方法,其所使用的分子筛催化剂选自HY分子筛、NaY分子筛、β分子筛、ZSM-5分子筛、3A分子筛、4A分子筛或5A分子筛中的至少一种。
专利CN114057605A公开了气相催化脱水制备腈的方法,其中所用的脱水催化剂为负载型催化剂,其载体为二氧化硅、分子筛、活性炭、硅藻土、蒙脱土、氧化镁、氧化铬、氧化铁、氧化镍、氧化锌中的任意一种或数种,活性组分为氯化钴、氯化铬、氯化锌、氯化镍、氯化铁、氯化铜中的任意一种或数种。
专利CN109320436A公开了一种气相催化制备全氟腈的方法,其中脱水反应中的催化剂为氧化铝、氧化铜、氧化钴或氧化铌中的一种或数种。
以上催化脱水法虽然可以将三废量降低90%以上,成本可降低30~40%,但存在催化剂选择性差、寿命低、难再生活化、反应结果重现性差等缺陷。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提出了一种三废少、成本低、催化活性高、产物选择性好、反应重现性好、催化剂寿命长,适于产业化连续生产的气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法,所述方法包括:
在催化剂作用下,七氟异丁酰胺气体脱去一分子水获得七氟异丁腈;所述催化剂为亲铁元素的氧化物,所述亲铁元素包括选自钨、钼、锡或镓中至少一种的中度亲铁元素,或选自锇、铱、钌、铼或钛中至少一种的强亲铁元素。
本发明经研究发现,因中度亲铁元素具有离子半径小、电价高、极化能力强等特点,在本发明的反应中易形成络阴离子,能够与酰胺的烯醇式形成相对稳定的中间态。因此,本发明催化剂优选为钨、钼、锡或镓中至少一种中度亲铁元素的氧化物。更为优选地,本发明催化剂为氧化钼和/或氧化钨。
本发明催化脱水反应温度为150~600℃,反应压力为1~3bar,(τ-1)s≤停留时间≤(τ+1)s,其中,τ通过以下方式计算获得:
式中,r为反应管半径,h为反应管有效高度(也即催化剂装填高度),k为催化剂填料系数,M=213.05g/mol,P为反应压力,v为进料速率,ρ=1.517g/mL,R=8.314J/(mol·K),T为反应温度。
一般地,适合于本发明的进料速率为0.1~100mL/min,反应管半径为10~300mm,反应管有效高度为500~1000mm,故,所述停留时间基本上在0.1~50s。
优选地,反应温度为300~500℃,反应压力为1~2bar,(τ-0.1)s≤停留时间≤(τ+0.1)s。
本发明的催化剂通过以下步骤制备获得:
向金属盐溶液中滴加浓氨水进行沉淀,控制温度≤80℃,静置陈化12~24h,之后经蒸发结晶、离心分离、干燥获得前驱体,最后经焙烧获得所述催化剂;
所述金属盐溶液为含亲铁元素原料溶解或分散于水中(如去离子水)获得。
所述含亲铁元素原料选自金属酸、金属酸盐、金属醇盐、氯化物或酸铵盐中的至少一种。具体地,金属酸可以是钨酸、钼酸、铼酸;金属酸盐可以是钨酸钠、钼酸钠、高铼酸钠、乙酸钌;金属醇盐可以是钛酸四丁酯、钛酸四乙酯;氯化物可以是氯化钨、氯化钼、氯化锡、四氯化钛、氯化锇、氯化铱、氯化钌;酸铵盐可以是钨酸铵、仲钨酸铵、钼酸铵、氯锇酸铵、氯铱酸铵等。
通过上述方法制备获得前驱体为亲铁元素的氢氧化物或酸铵盐的至少一种。
在一种具体的实施方式中,本发明的催化剂通过以下步骤制备获得:
含亲铁元素原料溶解或分散于水中,滴加浓氨水(质量浓度为25~28%)进行沉淀,控制放热温度<80℃,静置陈化12~24h,在较低温度下(<80℃)蒸发结晶6~12h,离心分离,60~80℃烘箱中干燥12~24h,获得前驱体;然后在氮气保护下,300~500℃焙烧5~24h,研磨、成型、破碎、筛分制得所述催化剂。
在一种优选的实施方式中,本发明制备获得同时包括亲铁元素的氢氧化物与亲铁元素的酸铵盐中至少一种的混合物的前驱体,具体制备步骤如下:
向第一类金属盐溶液中滴加浓氨水和第二类盐溶液的混合物进行沉淀,控制温度≤80℃,静置陈化12~24h,之后经蒸发结晶、离心分离、干燥获得前驱体,最后焙烧获得所述催化剂;
所述第一类金属盐溶液选自亲铁元素的金属酸、金属酸盐、金属醇盐或氯化物中的至少一种溶解或分散于水中获得;所述第二类盐溶液选自亲铁元素的酸铵盐溶解或分散于水中获得。
进一步地,所述第一类金属盐溶液选自钨酸、钨酸钠、氯化钨、钼酸、钼酸钠或氯化钼中的至少一种溶解或分散于水中获得;所述第二类盐溶液选自钨酸铵、仲钨酸铵或钼酸铵中的至少一种溶解或分散于水中获得。
制备获得的所述前驱体中,亲铁元素的氢氧化物:亲铁元素的酸铵盐和的摩尔配比为1:(0.5~1)。优选地,亲铁元素的氢氧化物:亲铁元素的酸铵盐和的摩尔配比为1:(0.7~1)。
制备获得的催化剂前驱体中不仅包含亲铁元素的氢氧化物,同时还包括亲铁元素的酸铵盐,使得制备得到的催化剂活性更高、寿命更长。
上述制备获得的催化剂用于七氟异丁酰胺脱水制备七氟异丁腈的反应中时,催化剂寿命为500~2000h,时空产率为0.5~1.5t/(m3cat·h)。一般地,当反应温度约150~350℃时,催化剂寿命约为1000~2000h;当反应温度约350~600℃时,催化剂寿命约为500~1500h。优选地,催化剂寿命为1000~2000h,时空产率为1.0~1.5t/(m3cat·h)。
进一步地,本发明催化剂一旦失活,也可非常容易地进行再生。具体地,催化剂在500~800℃下,通入空气和/或氧气吹扫后再生。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有的有益效果为:
采用本发明制备获得的催化剂进行七氟异丁酰胺催化脱水,不仅成本低、三废量少、生态环保,而且催化剂催化活性好、产物选择性好、反应重现性好,催化剂寿命长且易活化再生。
附图说明
附图1为本发明实施例2中氧化钨(Cat2)的催化剂寿命评价图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来对本发明进行进一步说明,但并不将本发明局限于这些具体实施方式。本领域技术人员应该认识到,本发明涵盖了权利要求书范围内所可能包括的所有备选方案、改进方案和等效方案。
本发明实施例中采用气相色谱分析,分析仪器为岛津GC-2014;色谱柱:GAS-Pro(60m X 0.32mm X 1.0um)。GC分析方法:检测器温度250℃,汽化室温度250℃,柱温:60℃(5min)10℃/min 85℃(3min)10℃/min 250℃(4min);载气(N2)流量1.05mL/min,空气流量300mL/min,氢气流量30mL/min,分流比50:1,进样量0.2mL。
制备例1
将氯化钼(1.0eq)缓慢逐次加入到500mL去离子水中,逐渐有部分沉淀析出,控制放热温度<80℃(记液A),取浓氨水(9.0eq,28%)和钼酸铵(1.0eq)混合(记液B),在液A强烈搅拌下缓慢加入液B,并控制放热温度<80℃,静置陈化24h,离心分离,80℃烘箱中干燥12h获得前驱体,所得前驱体为氢氧化钼和钼酸铵的混合物;然后在氮气保护下,将前驱体在400℃焙烧6h,研磨、成型、破碎、筛分制得氧化钼,记为Cat1。
制备例2
将氯化钨(1.0eq)缓慢逐次加入到500mL去离子水中,逐渐有部分沉淀析出,控制放热温度<80℃(记液A),取浓氨水(10.0eq,28%)和仲钨酸铵混合(记液B),在液A强烈搅拌下缓慢加入液B,并控制放热温度<80℃,静置陈化24h,在较低温度下(<50℃)结晶12h,离心分离,80℃烘箱中干燥12h获得前驱体,所得前驱体为氢氧化钨和钨酸铵的混合物;然后在氮气保护下,将前驱体在400℃下焙烧8h,研磨、成型、破碎、筛分制得氧化钨,记为Cat2。
制备例3
将氯化锡水合物(1.0eq)缓慢逐次加入到500mL去离子水中,逐渐有部分沉淀析出,控制放热温度<80℃,取浓氨水(2.5eq,28%)缓慢加入到反应液中,并控制放热温度<80℃,静置陈化24h,离心分离,80℃烘箱中干燥12h获得前驱体,所述前驱体为氢氧化锡;然后在氮气保护下,将前驱体在400℃下焙烧8h,研磨、成型、破碎、筛分制得氧化锡,记为Cat3。
制备例4
将氯化镓(1.0eq)缓慢逐次加入到500mL去离子水中,逐渐有部分沉淀析出,控制放热温度<80℃,取浓氨水(3.5eq,28%)缓慢加入到反应液中,并控制放热温度<80℃,静置陈化24h,离心分离,80℃烘箱中干燥12h获得前驱体,所述前驱体为氢氧化镓;然后在氮气保护下,将前驱体在400℃下焙烧8h,研磨、成型、破碎、筛分制得氧化镓,记为Cat4。
制备例5
将氯化锇(1.0eq)缓慢逐次加入到500mL去离子水中,逐渐有部分沉淀析出,控制放热温度<80℃,取浓氨水(3.5eq,28%)缓慢加入到反应液中,并控制放热温度<80℃,静置陈化24h,离心分离,80℃烘箱中干燥12h获得前驱体,所述前驱体为氢氧化锇;然后在氮气保护下,将前驱体在400℃下焙烧8h,研磨、成型、破碎、筛分制得氧化锇,记为Cat5。
制备例6
将氯化铱(1.0eq)缓慢逐次加入到500mL去离子水中,逐渐有部分沉淀析出,控制放热温度<80℃,取浓氨水(4.5eq,28%)缓慢加入到反应液中,并控制放热温度<80℃,静置陈化24h,离心分离,80℃烘箱中干燥12h获得前驱体,所述前驱体为氢氧化铱;然后在氮气保护下,将前驱体在400℃下焙烧8h,研磨、成型、破碎、筛分制得氧化铱,记为Cat6。
制备例7
将氯化钌(1.0eq)缓慢逐次加入到500mL去离子水中,逐渐有部分沉淀析出,控制放热温度<80℃,取浓氨水(3.5eq,28%)缓慢加入到反应液中,并控制放热温度<80℃,静置陈化24h,离心分离,80℃烘箱中干燥12h获得前驱体,所述前驱体为氢氧化钌;然后在氮气保护下,将前驱体在400℃下焙烧8h,研磨、成型、破碎、筛分制得氧化钌,记为Cat7。
制备例8
将氯化铼(1.0eq)缓慢逐次加入到500mL去离子水中,逐渐有部分沉淀析出,控制放热温度<80℃,取浓氨水(5.5eq,28%)缓慢加入到反应液中,并控制放热温度<80℃,静置陈化24h,离心分离,80℃烘箱中干燥12h获得前驱体,所述前驱体为氢氧化铼;然后在氮气保护下,将前驱体在400℃下焙烧8h,研磨、成型、破碎、筛分制得氧化铼,记为Cat8。
制备例9
将四氯化钛(1.0eq)缓慢逐次加入到500mL去离子水中,逐渐有部分沉淀析出,控制放热温度<80℃,取浓氨水(5.0eq,28%)缓慢加入到反应液中,并控制放热温度<80℃,静置陈化24h,离心分离,80℃烘箱中干燥12h获得前驱体,所述前驱体为氢氧化钛;然后在氮气保护下,将前驱体在400℃下焙烧8h,研磨、成型、破碎、筛分制得氧化钛,记为Cat9。
制备例10
本制备例的操作同制备例1,区别仅在于:仅采用浓氨水进行沉淀,不与钼酸铵混合,获得前驱体为氢氧化钼,焙烧、研磨、成型、破碎、筛分后获得的氧化钼记为Cat10。
对比制备例1
重复专利CN109320436A中催化剂的制备方法,以氧化钴为例,其制备过程为:将硝酸钴水合物溶解于水中,滴加浓氨水进行沉淀,调节pH值为7.5,然后陈化12小时,水洗、过滤,在80℃烘箱中干燥36小时,然后在氮气保护下,450℃焙烧8小时,得到氧化钴,记为CatD1。
对比制备例2
将三氯化铝(1.0eq)缓慢逐次加入到500mL去离子水中,搅拌溶解,取浓氨水(3.2eq,28%)缓慢加入到反应液中,并控制放热温度<80℃,静置陈化24h,离心分离,80℃烘箱中干燥12h获得前驱体,所述前驱体为氢氧化铝;然后在氮气保护下,将前驱体在400℃下焙烧8h,研磨、成型、破碎、筛分制得氧化铝,记为CatD2。
实施例1
在内径10厘米、内部体积50毫升的因康合金制的管式反应器中装填20毫升制备例1制备获得的氧化钼(Cat1)。预热炉温度为150℃,气液分离罐夹套通入60℃循环水。
反应条件:设定反应温度350℃,反应压力为1bar,七氟异丁酰胺进料速率为0.5mL/min,计算获得停留时间为6.5s。
反应过程:先将七氟异丁酰胺热熔,再经过高温进料泵通入到预热炉中气化,气化后的七氟异丁酰胺经过管式反应器催化脱水反应,从反应管出来的反应物先经气液分离罐进行分离,分离罐内液体物料下放料再通过旁路循环至预热炉中,气体经过两级深冷,第一级为0℃分离水分,第二级-10℃分离七氟异丁腈产品并灌入钢瓶,不凝气经碱洗后排空。
采用GC分析七氟异丁腈产品,可知产品纯度为99.2%,七氟异丁腈产率为98.0%。
实施例2
本实施例的操作同实施例1,区别仅在于:装填制备例2制备获得的氧化钨(Cat2),其他条件不变,计算获得停留时间为6.5s。
采用GC分析七氟异丁腈产品,可知产品纯度为99.5%,七氟异丁腈产率为99.1%。
在本实施例的反应条件下,对氧化钨(Cat2)进行催化剂寿命评价。图1给出了氧化钨(Cat2)连续反应1000h的反应结果图,方法为连续反应,每隔24h进行取样分析并产品称重。如图1所示,经过1000h连续反应,GC分析七氟异丁腈产品纯度由99.5%下降至89.5%,产率由99.1%下降至85.0%。
实施例3-10
实施例3-10的的操作同实施例1,区别仅在于:分别装填制备例3-10制备获得的Cat3-Cat10,其他操作不变。采用GC分析各实施例的七氟异丁腈产品,产品纯度和产率见下表1。
对比例1-2
对比例1-2的的操作同实施例1,区别仅在于:分别装填对比制备例1-2制备获得的CatD1-CatD2,其他操作不变。采用GC分析各对比例的七氟异丁腈产品,产品纯度和产率见下表1。
表1各催化剂的催化反应结果
实施例11
本实施例的操作同实施例1,区别仅在于:设定反应温度450℃,其他条件不变,计算获得停留时间为5.6s。
采用GC分析七氟异丁腈产品,可知产品纯度为96.1%,七氟异丁腈产率为93.4%。
实施例12
本实施例的操作同实施例1,区别仅在于:七氟异丁酰胺进料速率为1.0mL/min,其他条件不变,计算获得停留时间为3.3s。
采用GC分析七氟异丁腈产品,可知产品纯度为90.7%,七氟异丁腈产率为88.5%。
实施例13
本实施例的操作同实施例1,区别仅在于:反应压力为2bar,其他条件不变,计算获得停留时间为13.0s。
采用GC分析七氟异丁腈产品,可知产品纯度为97.9%,七氟异丁腈产率为95.1%。
实施例14
本实施例的反应条件采用专利CN109320436A实施例16的反应条件,也即:在内径10厘米、内部体积50毫升的因康合金制的管式反应器中装填20毫升制备例2制备的氧化钨(Cat2)。
反应条件:反应温度400℃,反应压力为0.1MPa,七氟异丁酰胺的接触时间为10s。
反应过程:从反应管出来的反应物流先流经聚四氟乙烯材质的瓶子进行冷凝,固体保留在瓶底,然后再经过干燥管除去水分,然后反应物流进入316材质的200mL小钢瓶采集反应体系中的气相产物七氟异丁腈。
经过24h连续反应,每隔2h取样,并采用GC分析七氟异丁腈,反应结果如下表2所示:
表2 Cat2氧化钨24h催化反应选择性结果
对比例3
本对比例的操作同实施例14,区别仅在于:采用CatD1替代Cat2,其他操作不变。经过24h连续反应,每隔2h取样,并采用GC分析产物,反应结果如下表3所示:
表3氧化钴24h催化反应选择性结果
由表3可知,经过24h连续反应后,反应选择性持续降低。反应24小时后,催化剂结焦严重,同时存在高温(400℃)分解产物六氟丙烯和七氟丙烷。
实施例15
对实施例2反应1000小时的催化剂进行再生,再生方法为:向反应器内通入空气吹扫,并升温至500℃,使催化剂烧去积碳并保持六方晶型形态。对再生后的催化剂按照实施例2的反应条件进行反应评价,得到七氟异丁腈纯度98.1%,七氟异丁腈产率为92.7%。
Claims (14)
1.一种气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括:
在催化剂作用下,七氟异丁酰胺气体脱去一分子水获得七氟异丁腈;所述催化剂为亲铁元素的氧化物,所述亲铁元素包括选自钨、钼、锡或镓中至少一种的中度亲铁元素,或选自锇、铱、钌、铼或钛中至少一种的强亲铁元素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂为钨、钼、锡或镓中至少一种中度亲铁元素的氧化物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂为氧化钼和/或氧化钨。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法,其特征在于:反应温度为150~600℃,反应压力为1~3bar,(τ-1)s≤停留时间≤(τ+1)s,其中,τ通过以下方式计算获得:
式中,r为反应管半径,h为反应管有效高度(也即催化剂装填高度),k为催化剂填料系数,M=213.05g/mol,P为反应压力,v为进料速率,ρ=1.517g/mL,R=8.314J/(mol·K),T为反应温度。
5.根据权利要求4所述的气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法,其特征在于:反应温度为300℃~500℃,反应压力为1~2bar,(τ-0.1)s≤停留时间≤(τ+0.1)s。
6.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂通过以下步骤制备获得:
向金属盐溶液中滴加浓氨水进行沉淀,控制温度≤80℃,静置陈化12~24h,之后经蒸发结晶、离心分离、干燥获得前驱体,最后焙烧获得所述催化剂;
所述金属盐溶液为含亲铁元素原料溶解或分散于水中获得。
7.根据权利要求6所述的气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法,其特征在于:所述含亲铁元素原料选自金属酸、金属酸盐、金属醇盐、氯化物或酸铵盐中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法,其特征在于:所述前驱体为亲铁元素的氢氧化物、酸铵盐中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求6所述的气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂通过以下步骤制备获得:
向第一类金属盐溶液中滴加浓氨水和第二类盐溶液的混合物进行沉淀,控制温度≤80℃,静置陈化12~24h,之后经蒸发结晶、离心分离、干燥获得前驱体,最后经焙烧获得所述催化剂;
所述第一类金属盐溶液选自亲铁元素的金属酸、金属酸盐、金属醇盐或氯化物中的至少一种溶解或分散于水中获得;所述第二类盐溶液选自亲铁元素的酸铵盐溶解或分散于水中获得。
10.根据权利要求9所述的气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法,其特征在于:所述第一类金属盐溶液选自钨酸、钨酸钠、氯化钨、钼酸、钼酸钠或氯化钼中的至少一种溶解或分散于水中获得;所述第二类盐溶液选自钨酸铵、仲钨酸铵或钼酸铵中的至少一种溶解或分散于水中获得。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法,其特征在于:所述前驱体为亲铁元素的氢氧化物与亲铁元素的酸铵盐中至少一种的混合物。
12.根据权利要求11所述的气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法,其特征在于:所述前驱体为亲铁元素的氢氧化物:亲铁元素的酸铵盐的摩尔配比为1:(0.5~1)。
13.根据权利要求6-11任一所述的气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂寿命为500~2000h,时空产率为0.5~1.5t/(m3cat·h)。
14.根据权利要求13所述的气相催化制备七氟异丁腈的方法,其特征在于:催化剂在500~800℃下,通入空气和/或氧气吹扫后再生。
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