CN118027925A - 一种强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂及水基钻井液 - Google Patents
一种强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂及水基钻井液 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂及水基钻井液,属于油气田钻井技术领域。所述强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂的原料为N,N‑双(2‑羟乙基)‑N,N‑双(三甲氧基硅丙基)乙二胺、(二甲基氨基)乙酰氯、含磺酸基团的溴代化合物、带氨基的硅氧烷类物质和硅酸酯类化合物。本发明提供的强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂,粒径在45.1~344.9nm之间。封堵剂可直接添加到水基钻井液中使用,对钻井液的流变性能影响较小。与未添加封堵剂的钻井液相比,加入强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂的钻井液封堵性能显著提升,岩心封堵率随封堵剂加量的增加而增加。当封堵剂加量为1.0%时,封堵率达90.55%。改性碳化硼强吸附封堵剂封堵性能优良,能有效维持井壁稳定,降低钻井周期,节约钻井成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及油气田钻井技术领域,具体涉及一种强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂及水基钻井液。
背景技术
在页岩油气开采中,大约有2/3的井壁坍塌与地层的微裂缝及裂缝发育有关。水基钻井液与近井壁多孔介质岩石发生水化作用和压力传递而诱发井壁失稳,造成起下钻遇阻、卡钻等并下复杂事故,从而延误作业周期,严重制约了油气高效勘探开发。为了解决井壁失稳问题,学者们在钻井液中添加封堵材料,主要分为纤维状封堵材料、片状封堵材料和颗粒状封堵材料。然而,常用的沥青类、聚醇类封堵防塌剂为微米级,难以进入页岩纳米级孔隙结构。所以在封堵体系中引入了纳米封堵材料,增强了对纳米孔隙和裂缝的封堵。但纳米颗粒存在容易团聚、比表面积大等问题,通过表面修饰可提升其分散性、抗温性、形变及成膜性能。目前钻井液封堵用纳米材料主要分为纳米颗粒材料和微乳液/纳米乳液,纳米颗粒材料用于钻井液封堵的主要有纳米SiO2、纳米Fe3O4等。但纳米颗粒封堵材料,在抽汲和激动压力作用下,在裂缝和孔隙中易产生滑脱,降低封堵效率。因此,为了优化封堵效果,提高井壁稳定性能,有必要研究适用于水基钻井液的强吸附封堵材料。通过提升封堵材料与页岩基质之间的黏附和相互作用能力,形成致密封堵层,以提高封堵能力。
CN110387016B公开了一种钻井液用纳米聚合物封堵剂,是以丙烯酸类单体、丙烯胺类单体和聚乙二醇甲基醚丙烯酸酯类单体原料通过反相乳液法制得,纳米聚合物属于高分子量聚合物,分子链上非极性官能团,可以在泥饼上形成疏水膜,降低泥饼渗透率,实现有效封堵。CN112341487B公开了一种超支化多硅氧烷基封堵剂及其制备方法,以赤藓糖醇为原料,制备了端基含硅氧烷基团得到封堵材料,可进入储层渗流通道后快速凝胶、沉淀形成致密封堵层。
聚硅氧烷类物质可以根据实际需求进行单体的选择或改性,具有种类多样、功能多变的特点。使用硅酸酯类单体能够得到与二氧化硅相似的结构,从而提高封堵剂的强度,保证封堵层在地层压力作用下的稳定性。强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂含有季铵官能团,能够加强对地层的吸附性能,在抽汲压力和激动压力下能够保持封堵层的稳定;磺酸基和氨基使封堵剂在高温作用下分散在水基钻井液中,从而有效封堵纳米裂缝,减少钻井液的损失,对加快钻井周期,减少钻井成本有着重要意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂,其粒径能够达到纳米级,具有很好的分散性、强吸附性,能够有效对页岩地层中的纳米孔缝进行封堵,从而达到稳定井壁的目的。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:一种强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂,其特征在于,所述强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂其制备步骤如下:
S1、将0.01~0.03摩尔N,N-双(2-羟乙基)-N,N-双(三甲氧基硅丙基)乙二胺加入80~100mL二氯甲烷中,在0℃条件下,依次加入0.02~0.06摩尔(二甲基氨基)乙酰氯,0.01~0.02摩尔三乙胺,反应5~6h,反应完成后用二氯甲烷洗涤3次,60~70℃真空干燥4~8h,得到物质A;
S2、将0.01~0.03摩尔步骤S1所得物质A加入50~100mL甲苯中,然后加入0.05~0.10摩尔的含磺酸基团的溴代化合物,在60~80℃条件下反应6~8h,反应结束后用乙醚洗涤3次,60~70℃真空干燥4~8h,得到物质B;
S3、将0.01~0.03摩尔步骤S2所得物质B加入50~80mL四氢呋喃中,然后依次加入0.01~0.03摩尔的硅酸酯类化合物、0.01~0.03摩尔的带氨基的硅氧烷类物质、10~20mL去离子水,在20~30℃条件下,反应1~2h,然后在50~60℃条件下,反应3~5h,反应结束后用乙醇洗涤3次,60~70℃真空干燥6~8h,得到强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂;
其中,含磺酸基团的溴代化合物为2-溴乙基磺酸、4-溴-1-丁磺酸和4-(2-溴乙基)苯磺酸中的一种;带氨基的硅氧烷类物质为N-氨乙基-3-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-(6-氨基己基)氨基甲基三乙氧基硅烷、11-氨基十一基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种;硅酸酯类化合物为正硅酸四异丙酯、正硅酸甲酯、正硅酸丙酯中的一种。
所述水基钻井液包括以下组分:水,膨润土,氢氧化钠,聚合物DFZ-7,降失水剂WN2-2,降失水剂LS-2,乳化沥青,润滑剂PPL,氯化钾,有机盐WNZY,Na2SO3,超细碳酸钙,强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂,重晶石。
所述水基钻井液,以100重量份的水为基准,所述膨润土的加量为5~7重量份,氢氧化钠的加量为0.3~0.5重量份,聚合物DFZ-7的加量为0.5~1重量份,降失水剂WN2-2的加量为1.0~1.8重量份,降失水剂LS-2的加量为0.5~1.0重量份,乳化沥青的加量为3~5重量份,润滑剂PPL的加量为3~5重量份,氯化钾的加量为10~15重量份,有机盐WNZY的加量为10~12重量份,Na2SO3的加量为0.2~0.5重量份,超细碳酸钙的加量为2.0~5.0重量份,强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂加量为0.5~1.5重量份,重晶石若干。
所述水基钻井液用重晶石将密度调节为1.05-2.20g/cm3。
本发明的技术效果在于:
1、本发明制备的封堵剂含有季铵官能团,具有强吸附作用,能在抽汲压力和激动压力下保持封堵层的稳定,提升井壁稳定效果;并且含有磺酸基和氨基,能提高封堵剂在水基钻井液中的分散稳定性;
2、本发明制备的封堵剂可直接添加到水基钻井液中,对钻井液流变性影响较小,可以对地层纳米孔缝进行有效封堵;
3、本发明的制备方法简单,不需要特殊的实验仪器,制备方法稳定可靠;
4、本发明提供的产品,生产工艺简单,可实现大规模工业化应用。
附图说明
图1为实施例一中强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂的粒径分布图;
图2为实施例二中强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂的粒径分布图;
图3为实施例三中强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂的粒径分布图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
一、强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂的合成
实施例1:
S1、将9.45g n,n-双(2-羟乙基)-n,n-双(三甲氧基硅丙基)乙二胺加入100mL二氯甲烷中,在0℃条件下,依次加入4.86g(二甲基氨基)乙酰氯,1.62g三乙胺,反应6h,反应完成后用二氯甲烷洗涤3次,60℃真空干燥6h,得到物质A;
S2、将10.74g步骤S1所得物质A加入100mL甲苯中,然后加入15.12g 2-溴乙基磺酸,在70℃条件下,反应6h,反应结束后乙醚洗涤3次,60℃真空干燥8h,得到物质B;
S3、将12.93g步骤S2所得物质C加入100mL的四氢呋喃中,然后先后加入4.13g N-氨乙基-3-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、5.29g正硅酸四异丙酯、15mL去离子水,在25℃条件下,反应1h,然后在60℃条件下,反应4h,反应结束后用乙醇洗涤3次,60℃真空干燥8h,得到强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂。
实施例2:
S1、将9.45g n,n-双(2-羟乙基)-n,n-双(三甲氧基硅丙基)乙二胺加入100mL二氯甲烷中,在0℃条件下,依次加入4.86g(二甲基氨基)乙酰氯,1.62g三乙胺,反应6h,反应结束后用二氯甲烷洗涤3次,60℃真空干燥6h,得到物质A;
S2、将10.74g步骤S1所得物质A加入100mL的甲苯中,然后加入17.37g 4-溴-1-丁磺酸,在70℃条件下,反应6h,反应结束后用乙醚洗涤3次,60℃真空干燥8h,得到物质B;
S3、将14.05g步骤S2所得物质B加入150mL的四氢呋喃中,然后依次加入5.85g N-(6-氨基己基)氨基甲基三乙氧基硅烷、3.04g正硅酸甲酯、15mL去离子水,在25℃条件下,反应1h,然后在60℃条件下,反应4h,反应完成后用乙醇洗涤3次,60℃真空干燥8h,得到强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂。
实施例3:
S1、将9.45g n,n-双(2-羟乙基)-n,n-双(三甲氧基硅丙基)乙二胺加入100mL无水二氯甲烷中,在0℃条件下,依次加入4.86g(二甲基氨基)乙酰氯,1.62g三乙胺,反应6h,反应结束后用二氯甲烷洗涤3次,60℃真空干燥8h,得到物质A;
S2、将10.74g步骤S1所得物质A加入100mL甲苯中,然后加入21.21g 4-(2-溴乙基)苯磺酸,在70℃条件下,反应6h,反应结束后用乙醚洗涤3次,60℃真空干燥8h,得到物质B;
S3、将15.97g步骤S2所得季物质B加入100mL四氢呋喃中,然后先后加入6.67g 11-氨基十一基三乙氧基硅烷、5.29g正硅酸丙酯、10mL去离子水,在25℃条件下,反应1h,然后在60℃条件下,反应4h,反应结束后用乙醇洗涤3次,60℃真空干燥8h,得到强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂。
二、水基钻井液的配制:
(1)膨润土浆的预水化:在25℃下,将5份膨润土在搅拌的情况下均匀的加入100份淡水中,在转速为2000rpm的情况下搅拌30min后,密封静置24h,即得预水化膨润土浆。
(2)在步骤(1)制备的预水化膨润土浆中,在2500rpm的搅拌器下搅拌5min后,依次加入0.4份NaOH,0.6份聚合物DFZ-7,1.5份降失水剂WN2-2,0.8份降失水剂LS-2,4重量份乳化沥青,4份润滑剂PPL,12份KCI,11份有机盐WNZY,0.3份Na2SO3,4.5份超细碳酸钙,99份重晶石,配制成密度为1.65g/cm3的钻井液。每加入一种物质后,需搅拌10~15min再加入另一种物质,制得基浆。
性能测试
为了进一步说明本发明强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂以及水基钻井液的效果,对实施例1、实施例2和实施例3中的强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂以及水基钻井液进行性能测试。
一、强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂粒径测试
利用美国布鲁克海文仪器公司生产的BI-200SM型激光散射仪对强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂进行粒径测试。实施例1、实施例2、实施例3制得的强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂的粒径见图1、图2、图3,实施例1的封堵剂粒径分布在45.1~344.9nm之间,实施例2的封堵剂粒径分布在46.0~335.8nm,实施例3的封堵剂粒径分布在48.2~336.4nm之间。
二、强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂与水基钻井液的配伍性测试
向配制好的水基钻井液(基浆)中加入不同质量浓度的实施例1、实施例2和实施例3的强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂,在150℃下老化16h,测定水基钻井液的性能参数,结果见表1。
通过表1可知,当实施例1、实施例2和实施例3制备的强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂加量小于1.0%时,水基钻井液的表观粘度和塑性粘度随着强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂加量的增加而缓慢增加,动切力保持在6.0~7.0Pa,说明强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂加量对水基钻井液流变性能的影响较小。高温高压滤失量(HTHP)随着强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂加量的增加而降低,滤失量降低明显,当强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂的加量超过1.0%时,滤失量变化较小,说明强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂最佳加量为1.0%。
表1水基钻井液性能参数
注:HTHP的温度为150℃,压力为3.5MPa。
三、3D打印岩心封堵实验测试
使用透明光敏树脂3D打印岩心模拟地层纳米裂缝地层,通过测量钻井液在3D打印岩心中的平均流量,通过达西公式计算加入强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂前后的3D打印岩心渗透率,并计算封堵率,评价封堵性能。渗透率计算公式为K=QμL/(AΔP),封堵率为(初始渗透率-封堵后渗透率)/初始渗透率×100%。
在温度为60℃、围压为12MPa条件下,测试封堵前后3D打印岩心渗透率,在基浆中分别加入不同质量浓度的实施例1、实施例2和实施例3中合成的强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂,测得封堵前后3D打印岩心渗透率如表2所示。
由表2可知,强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂作为纳米封堵剂,可有效降低3D打印岩心的渗透率,随着强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂加量增加,钻井液对3D打印岩心的封堵效果增加,当强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂的加入量为1.0%时,实施例1、实施例2和实施例3中3D打印岩心测得的封堵率分别为90.16%、90.55%和90.48%。当加量超过1.0%,3D打印岩心渗透率缓慢下降,封堵率变化不明显,说明本发明的强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂最佳添加量为1.0%,封堵效果优异。
表2.3D打印岩心渗透率数据
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂及水基钻井液,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、将0.01~0.03摩尔N,N-双(2-羟乙基)-N,N-双(三甲氧基硅丙基)乙二胺加入80~100mL二氯甲烷中,在0℃条件下,依次加入0.02~0.06摩尔(二甲基氨基)乙酰氯,0.01~0.02摩尔三乙胺,反应5~6h,反应完成后用二氯甲烷洗涤3次,60~70℃真空干燥4~8h,得到物质A;
S2、将0.01~0.03摩尔步骤S1所得物质A加入50~100mL甲苯中,然后加入0.05~0.10摩尔的含磺酸基团的溴代化合物,在60~80℃条件下反应6~8h,反应结束后用乙醚洗涤3次,60~70℃真空干燥4~8h,得到物质B;
S3、将0.01~0.03摩尔步骤S2所得物质B加入50~80mL四氢呋喃中,然后依次加入0.01~0.03摩尔的硅酸酯类化合物、0.01~0.03摩尔的带氨基的硅氧烷类物质、10~20mL去离子水,在20~30℃条件下,反应1~2h,然后在50~60℃条件下,反应3~5h,反应结束后用乙醇洗涤3次,60~70℃真空干燥6~8h,得到强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂;
其中,含磺酸基团的溴代化合物为2-溴乙基磺酸、4-溴-1-丁磺酸和4-(2-溴乙基)苯磺酸中的一种;带氨基的硅氧烷类物质为N-氨乙基-3-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-(6-氨基己基)氨基甲基三乙氧基硅烷、11-氨基十一基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种;硅酸酯类化合物为正硅酸四异丙酯、正硅酸甲酯、正硅酸丙酯中的一种。
2.一种水基钻井液,其特征在于,所述钻井液包括以下组分:水,膨润土,氢氧化钠,聚合物DFZ-7,降失水剂WN2-2,降失水剂LS-2,乳化沥青,润滑剂PPL,氯化钾,有机盐WNZY,Na2SO3,超细碳酸钙,强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂,重晶石。
3.根据权利要求2所述的水基钻井液,其特征在于,以100重量份的水为基准,所述膨润土的加量为5~7重量份,氢氧化钠的加量为0.3~0.5重量份,聚合物DFZ-7的加量为0.5~1.0重量份,降失水剂WN2-2的加量为1.0~1.8重量份,降失水剂LS-2的加量为0.5~1.0重量份,乳化沥青的加量为3~5重量份,润滑剂PPL的加量为3~5重量份,氯化钾的加量为10~15重量份,有机盐WNZY的加量为10~12重量份,Na2SO3的加量为0.2~0.5重量份,超细碳酸钙的加量为2.0~5.0重量份,强吸附聚硅氧烷封堵剂加量为0.5~1.5重量份,重晶石若干。
4.根据权利要求2所述的水基钻井液,其特征在于,所述水基钻井液密度为1.05~2.20g/cm3。
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