CN118021878A - 一种五酯软胶囊及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种五酯软胶囊及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118021878A CN118021878A CN202410377257.2A CN202410377257A CN118021878A CN 118021878 A CN118021878 A CN 118021878A CN 202410377257 A CN202410377257 A CN 202410377257A CN 118021878 A CN118021878 A CN 118021878A
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- soft capsule
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- A61K31/357—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having two or more oxygen atoms in the same ring, e.g. crown ethers, guanadrel
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- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种五酯软胶囊及其制备方法,五酯软胶囊包括内容物及空心囊壳。内容物为南五味子醇浸膏。五酯软胶囊制备包括以下步骤:步骤一:采用细胞壁分解酶对干燥华中五味子果实酶解,酶解液备用,酶解渣经2次乙醇回流提取与酶解液合并得到混合液,待用。步骤二:混合液在50‑60℃减压浓缩至相对密度1.28‑1.32,回收乙醇,得到南五味子醇浸膏。步骤三:将南五味子醇浸膏注入空心囊壳中,得到五酯软胶囊。本发明采用细胞壁分解酶分解南五味子果实细胞壁中的纤维素、木质素、果胶,破坏南五味子果实细胞壁的结构,使细胞内的木脂素类化合物更容易被提取出来。同时,细胞壁分解酶还可以促进细胞壁的破碎和细胞的解离,使得提取过程更加快速和有效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药及其制备技术领域,特别涉及一种五酯软胶囊及其制备方法。
背景技术
五味子首载于《神农本草经》,有北五味子和南五味子之分。南五味子为木兰科植物华中五味子的干燥成熟果实,具有敛肺、涩肠、固精、益气滋肾、生津止渴、宁心安神的功效。南五味子含五味子甲素、五味子酯甲、乙、丙、丁、戊等木脂素类成分。药理临床实验表明,五味子酯甲、酯乙、酯丙、酯丁对迁延性、慢性病毒性肝炎有较好的降低作用,其中五味子酯甲保肝效果更为显著。因此南五味子被用于制成五酯软胶囊,主要用于慢性肝炎谷丙转氨酶升高者。华中五味子果实含有较厚的细胞壁,现有工艺破坏细胞壁有酸碱处理法、高压均质法、超声波法、酵素降解法。但是酸碱处理法、高压均质法、超声波法对细胞造成过度破坏,导致细胞内成分的损失和细胞结构的变形,且可能会对有效成分造成损失或改变,影响其原有的理化性质和生物学活性。酵素降解植物细胞壁是一种相对温和的方法,但酵素制备成本较高,且酵素对温度和pH值敏感,容易失去活性。华中五味子细胞壁由初生壁和次生壁组成,其中次生壁主要由纤维素、木质素等成分组成,具有较高的硬度和抗性。现有技术对次生壁的破坏效果有限,导致破坏华中五味子细胞壁的效率较低,未能充分释放有效药物,影响活性成分的提取,进而影响了五酯软胶囊的质量和临床疗效,因此需要采用更加有效的方法进行处理。
发明内容
鉴于此,本发明提出一种五酯软胶囊及其制备方法以解决上述问题。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:一种五酯软胶囊的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:木脂素提取:取90-100份干燥的华中五味子果实粉碎,过15-25目筛,加入0.5-2.0份细胞壁分解酶,搅拌均匀,在40-50℃酶解120-180min。酶解后在110-120℃环境下灭酶10-15s。灭酶后在200-250目筛网下进行过滤,得到酶解液、酶解渣。酶解渣中加入70-80wt%的乙醇回流提取2次,将提取液与酶解液合并,得到混合液,待用。
步骤二:南五味子醇浸膏制备:混合液在50-60℃减压浓缩至相对密度1.28-1.32,回收乙醇,得到南五味子醇浸膏。
步骤三:软胶囊制备:将南五味子醇浸膏注入空心囊壳中,得到五酯软胶囊。
进一步的,细胞壁分解酶包括24-30%角质酶、10-16%羧酸酯酶、10-16%木质酶、36-40%纤维素酶、10-12%果胶酶。
进一步的,步骤一中第1次回流提取加600-800份乙醇,回流1.9-2.1h,第2次回流提取加600-800份乙醇,回流1.4-1.6h。
进一步的,步骤二中浓缩的压强为-0.06~-0.08Mpa。
进一步的,空心囊壳由以下方法制得:在反应釜中加入9-10份明胶、8-10份纯净水在70-80℃搅拌5-10min,加入2-4份增塑剂、1-3份着色剂搅拌10-20min,在50-60℃静置反应2.0-2.5h,送入胶囊生产线进行蘸胶、成型,得到空心囊壳。
进一步的,增塑剂为甘油、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、麦芽糖醇中的一种或几种组合。
进一步的,着色剂为氧化铁或氧化铁棕。
进一步的,空心囊壳厚度为0.5-0.7mm。
进一步的,五酯软胶囊使用药用铝塑泡罩包装。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:本发明在木脂素提取的过程中使用本发明特定的细胞壁分解酶,能够水解南五味子果实次生壁中的纤维素、木质素、果胶,破坏南五味子果实次生壁的结构,使细胞内的木脂素类化合物更容易被提取出来。同时,细胞壁分解酶还可以促进细胞壁的破碎和细胞的解离,使得提取过程更加快速和有效。这些酶的作用可以显著提高南五味子中木脂素的提取效率。其中,角质是植物细胞壁的一种重要成分,角质酶能够水解角质中的长链脂肪酸和长链醇,有助于细胞壁的降解和五味子酯甲的释放。羧酸酯酶能够催化醇类与有机酸进行反应生成五味子酯甲等酯类化合物,在木脂素提取过程中,使得五味子酯甲更容易被提取出来。本发明通过使用特定比例的复合酶,更全面地分解细胞壁和角质层,释放出更多的五味子酯甲。复合酶中的其他成分可能对单一酶使用时可能会产生的副反应有抑制作用,从而提高提取的纯度和效率。角质酶、羧酸酯酶在与纤维素酶、木质酶、果胶酶共同作用时够提高其活性或降低其所需的激活能,其稳定性会得到提高,这种相互促进作用延长了角质酶、羧酸酯酶的使用寿命,因此提高了整个提取过程的效率。本发明中的纤维素酶、木质酶、果胶酶、角质酶、羧酸酯酶在特定的比例下使用时,它们之间的协同作用可以达到最佳效果,产生更高效的反应路径,达到较佳的提取效果。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容,下面提供具体实施例,对本发明做进一步的说明。
本发明实施例所用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
本发明实施例所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
一种五酯软胶囊,包括空心囊壳和内容物。内容物为南五味子醇浸膏。
接下来,空心囊壳由以下方法制得:在反应釜中加入9份明胶、8份纯净水,在70℃搅拌5min,加入2份甘油、1份氧化铁,搅拌10min,在50℃静置反应2.0h,送入胶囊生产线进行蘸胶、成型,制成厚度为0.5mm的空心囊壳。
接下来,一种五酯软胶囊的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:木脂素提取:取90份干燥的华中五味子果实粉碎,过15目筛,加入0.5份细胞壁分解酶。其中细胞壁分解酶包括24%角质酶、10%羧酸酯酶、10%木质酶、36%纤维素酶、10%果胶酶,搅拌均匀,在40℃酶解180min。酶解后在110℃环境下灭酶15s。灭酶后在200目筛网下进行过滤,得到酶解液、酶解渣。酶解渣中加入70wt%的乙醇回流提取2次。第1次回流提取加600份乙醇,回流1.9h。第2次回流提取加600份乙醇,回流1.4h。将提取液与酶解液合并,得到混合液,待用。
步骤二:南五味子醇浸膏制备:混合液在50℃、压强为-0.06Mpa条件下浓缩至相对密度1.28,回收乙醇,得到南五味子醇浸膏。
步骤三:软胶囊制备:将南五味子醇浸膏注入空心囊壳中,得到五酯软胶囊,每粒软胶囊重量为0.3g。接下来,五酯软胶囊使用药用铝塑泡罩包装,每盒24粒。
实施例2
一种五酯软胶囊,包括空心囊壳和内容物。内容物为南五味子醇浸膏。
接下来,空心囊壳由以下方法制得:在反应釜中加入9.5份明胶、9份纯净水在75℃搅拌7.5min,加入3份增塑剂,其中增塑剂由1.5份甘油、1.5份山梨糖醇组成,加入2份氧化铁,搅拌15min,在55℃静置反应2.3h,送入胶囊生产线进行蘸胶、成型,制成厚度为0.6mm的空心囊壳。
接下来,一种五酯软胶囊的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:木脂素提取:取95份干燥的华中五味子果实粉碎,过20目筛,加入1.3份细胞壁分解酶,细胞壁分解酶包括27%角质酶、13%羧酸酯酶、13%木质酶、38%纤维素酶、11%果胶酶,搅拌均匀,在45℃酶解150min。酶解后在115℃环境下灭酶13s。灭酶后在225目筛网下进行过滤,得到酶解液、酶解渣。酶解渣中加入75wt%的乙醇回流提取2次。第1次回流提取加700份乙醇,回流2.0h。第2次回流提取加700份乙醇,回流1.5h。将提取液与酶解液合并,得到混合液,待用。
步骤二:南五味子醇浸膏制备:混合液在55℃、压强为-0.07Mpa条件下浓缩至相对密度1.30,回收乙醇,得到南五味子醇浸膏。
步骤三:软胶囊制备:将南五味子醇浸膏注入空心囊壳中,得到五酯软胶囊,每粒软胶囊重量为0.3g。
接下来,五酯软胶囊使用药用铝塑泡罩包装,每盒24粒。
实施例3
一种五酯软胶囊,包括空心囊壳和内容物。内容物为南五味子醇浸膏。
接下来,空心囊壳由以下方法制得:在反应釜中加入10份明胶、10份纯净水在80℃搅拌10min,加入4份增塑剂,其中增塑剂由1份甘油、1份山梨糖醇、1份木糖醇、1份麦芽糖醇组成,加入3份氧化铁棕搅拌20min,在60℃静置反应2.5h,送入胶囊生产线进行蘸胶、成型,制成厚度为0.7mm的空心囊壳。
接下来,一种五酯软胶囊的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:木脂素提取:取100份干燥的华中五味子果实粉碎,过25目筛,加入2.0份细胞壁分解酶,细胞壁分解酶包括30%角质酶、16%羧酸酯酶、16%木质酶、40%纤维素酶、12%果胶酶,搅拌均匀,在50℃酶解120min。酶解后在120℃环境下灭酶10s。灭酶后在250目筛网下进行过滤,得到酶解液、酶解渣。酶解渣中加入80wt%的乙醇回流提取2次。第1次回流提取加800份乙醇,回流2.1h。第2次回流提取加800份乙醇,回流1.6h。将提取液与酶解液合并,得到混合液,待用。
步骤二:南五味子醇浸膏制备:混合液在60℃、压强为-0.08Mpa条件下浓缩至相对密度1.32,回收乙醇,得到南五味子醇浸膏。
步骤三:软胶囊制备:将南五味子醇浸膏注入空心囊壳中,得到五酯软胶囊,每粒软胶囊重量为0.3g。
接下来,五酯软胶囊使用药用铝塑泡罩包装,每盒36粒。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例2的区别在于,在步骤一木脂素提取的过程中,不使用细胞壁分解酶。具体提取过程如下:向华中五味子果实粉中加入75wt%的乙醇回流提取3次。第1次回流提取加700份乙醇,回流3.0h。第2次回流提取加700份乙醇,回流2.0h。第3次回流提取加700份乙醇,回流1.5h。将3次提取液合并,得到混合液,待用。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例2的区别在于细胞壁分解酶中不含有角质酶及羧酸酯酶,具体含有35%木质酶、50%纤维素酶、15%果胶酶。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例2的区别在于,细胞壁分解酶各组分含量如下:15%角质酶、5%羧酸酯酶、20%木质酶、45%纤维素酶、15%果胶酶。
1、五味子酯甲含量测定
1.1色谱条件
柱温40℃,以甲醇和水为流动相,甲醇与水比值为75:25,检测波长为250nm、进样量10μL、流速1.0mL/min。
1.2溶液制备
1.2.1对照品溶液制备
精密称取五味子酯甲10mg,使用甲醇溶解并定容至10ml,得到1.0mg/ml的标准储备溶液。通过孔径为0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤,备用。
1.2.2供试品溶液制备
精密称取实施例1-3及对比例1-3制得的软胶囊内容物0.5g,使用甲醇溶解并定容至100ml,在超声功率250W超声频率40kHz条件下处理20min,即得。
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μL,注入液相色谱仪,测定五味子酯甲含量。连续测定6次,取平均值,结果如表1所示。
表1
五味子酯甲(mg/g) | |
实施例1 | 6.9 |
实施例2 | 7.0 |
实施例3 | 6.8 |
对比例1 | 5.8 |
对比例2 | 6.1 |
对比例3 | 6.3 |
由表1可知,本发明制备得到的五酯软胶囊可以获得较高的五味子酯甲含量,尤其是实施例2含量最高,达到7.0mg/g,相较对比例1及对比例2有20.7-15.0%提升。与对比例1相比,细胞壁分解酶能够水解南五味子果实次生壁中的纤维素、木质素、果胶,破坏南五味子果实次生壁的结构,使细胞内的木脂素类化合物更容易被提取出来。同时,细胞壁分解酶还可以促进细胞壁的破碎和细胞的解离,将其分解为可溶性糖、木脂素单体等小分子物质,使得提取过程更加快速和有效。这些酶的作用可以显著提高南五味子中木脂素的提取效率。与对比例2相比角质酶能够水解角质中的长链脂肪酸和长链醇,有助于细胞壁的降解和五味子酯甲的释放。羧酸酯酶能够催化醇类与有机酸进行反应生成五味子酯甲等酯类化合物,在木脂素提取过程中,使得五味子酯甲更容易被提取出来。因此加入角质酶、羧酸酯酶使得五味子酯甲提取率进一步提高。与对比例3相比,本发明细胞壁分解酶各组分在特定的比例下使用时,它们之间的协同作用可以达到最佳效果,产生更高效的反应路径,味子酯甲提取率更高。
2、动物实验
选取40只19-21g的雄性小鼠,分笼饲养,室内温度保持在18-22℃,相对湿度保持在40-60%,适应性喂食5天后进行实验。小鼠随机分为空白对照组、A+C组、B组、B+C组,其中A代表正常小鼠、B代表肝纤维化模型鼠、C代表实施例2软胶囊内容物,每组10只小鼠。肝纤维化模型鼠采用渐进性腹腔注射硫代乙酰胺方法诱导肝纤维化。每周3次,连续注射8周。第1周注射剂量为50mg/kg,第2-3周注射剂量为100mg/kg,第4-8周注射剂量为150mg/kg。从第5周开始A+C及B+C组采用灌胃给药,每只小鼠给予0.2g/kg软胶囊内容物,空白对照组及B组给予等体积生理盐水灌胃。
连续给药4周,给药结束后,在最后一次给药1h后各组小鼠采用乙醚麻醉,眼球取血,采集血液,在4℃离心转速3500r/min,离心10min条件下离心分离血清,存储于-20℃,用于谷丙转氨酶及天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶含量的检测。采血结束后迅速取出小鼠肝脏,制成肝组织匀浆,用于尿羟脯氨酸及炎症因子的检测。各组小鼠血清中转氨酶活性及肝组织中于尿羟脯氨酸检测结果如下表2所示。
表2
从表2可以看出,渐进性腹腔注射硫代乙酰胺导致小鼠肝细胞损伤及纤维化。对比B组及B+C组可以发现注射本发明软胶囊内容物后,小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶及天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶显著降低,肝组织中的尿羟脯氨酸也显著下降。对比空白对照组及A+C组,可见五味子酯甲对正常小鼠血清转氨酶及肝组织中的尿羟脯氨酸基本无影响。
各组小鼠炎症因子含量如下表3所示。
表3
从表3可以看出,渐进性腹腔注射硫代乙酰胺导致小鼠肝组织炎症发作。对比对比B组及B+C组可以发现,注射本发明软胶囊内容物后小鼠肝组织中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-β炎症因子均明显下降,说明五味子酯甲可以缓解机体炎症反应。对比空白对照组及A+C组,可见五味子酯甲对正常小鼠肝组织中的炎症因子含量无明显影响。
从表2及表3结合起来可以看出本发明制备的五酯软胶囊可以有效降低谷丙转氨酶,对慢性肝炎有较好的治疗效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种五酯软胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤一:木脂素提取:取90-100份干燥的华中五味子果实粉碎,过15-25目筛,加入0.5-2.0份细胞壁分解酶,搅拌均匀,在40-50℃酶解120-180min,酶解后在110-120℃环境下灭酶10-15s,灭酶后在200-250目筛网下进行过滤,得到酶解液、酶解渣;酶解渣中加入70-80wt%的乙醇回流提取2次,将提取液与酶解液合并,得到混合液,待用;
步骤二:南五味子醇浸膏制备:混合液在50-60℃减压浓缩至相对密度1.28-1.32,回收乙醇,得到南五味子醇浸膏;
步骤三:软胶囊制备:将南五味子醇浸膏注入空心囊壳中,得到五酯软胶囊。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种五酯软胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:所述细胞壁分解酶包括24-30%角质酶、10-16%羧酸酯酶、10-16%木质酶、36-40%纤维素酶、10-12%果胶酶。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种五酯软胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤一中第1次回流提取加600-800份乙醇,回流1.9-2.1h,第2次回流提取加600-800份乙醇,回流1.4-1.6h。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种五酯软胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤二中浓缩的压强为-0.06~-0.08Mpa。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的五酯软胶囊,其特征在于,所述空心囊壳由以下方法制得:在反应釜中加入9-10份明胶、8-10份纯净水在70-80℃搅拌5-10min,加入2-4份增塑剂、1-3份着色剂搅拌10-20min,在50-60℃静置反应2.0-2.5h,送入胶囊生产线进行蘸胶、成型,得到空心囊壳。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种五酯软胶囊,其特征在于,所述增塑剂为甘油、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、麦芽糖醇中的一种或几种组合。
7.如权利要求5所述的一种五酯软胶囊,其特征在于,所述着色剂为氧化铁或氧化铁棕。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的一种五酯软胶囊,其特征在于,所述空心囊壳厚度为0.5-0.7mm。
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