CN118003020A - Preparation method for realizing controllable pore porous metal material through compensation limit welding - Google Patents
Preparation method for realizing controllable pore porous metal material through compensation limit welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN118003020A CN118003020A CN202410425099.3A CN202410425099A CN118003020A CN 118003020 A CN118003020 A CN 118003020A CN 202410425099 A CN202410425099 A CN 202410425099A CN 118003020 A CN118003020 A CN 118003020A
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 191
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/0426—Fixtures for other work
- B23K37/0435—Clamps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method for realizing porous metal materials with controllable holes through compensation limit welding, and relates to the technical field of metal material preparation; comprising the following steps: dividing a three-dimensional model of a porous metal material into more than 1 unit structure, and layering in each unit structure to obtain a plurality of two-dimensional patterns and layers of substrates which are sequentially overlapped and have a certain thickness; processing the metal substrates of each layer according to the two-dimensional pattern, namely a metal substrate S 0, a metal substrate S 1, a metal substrate S 2, a metal substrate S 3 … … and a metal substrate S n; stacking the metal substrates; all the metal substrates are clamped in a limit compensation welding device and then heated, so that the porous metal material with controllable holes is formed. The problem that the pore diameter of the porous metal material is uncontrollable and the pore distribution is uncontrollable can be effectively solved, and the porous metal material with controllable positions, shapes, porosities, pore diameters and the like can be prepared according to the requirements. The diameter of the prepared porous metal material with controllable holes is 0.001mm-100mm, and the depth-diameter ratio is as follows: 1-1000.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material preparation, in particular to a method for preparing a porous metal material with controllable holes by compensation limit welding.
Background
The porous metal material starts from the 40 th century of the 20 th century and rapidly develops in the 80 th century internationally, is a novel engineering material with excellent physical properties and good mechanical properties, and has the advantages of various excellent physical properties, such as low density, large rigidity, large specific surface, good damping and energy absorption performance, good noise elimination effect, good permeability, high electromagnetic shielding performance and the like, and also has the advantages of high heat conductivity, high gas permeability, high heat exchange and heat dissipation capacity and the like for the porous metal material of the through hole. The porous metal material can be used as a functional material and a structural material, so that the porous metal material can be widely applied to some high-technology fields and is a multipurpose engineering material with excellent performance.
The porous metal materials can be manufactured by a plurality of methods including metal powder, metal fiber sintering, gas capturing, station filling, oxide reduction sintering, sputtering deposition, vapor deposition, electrodeposition, corrosion pore forming, gas blowing, solid foaming agent, metal/gas eutectic directional solidification, investment casting, and percolation casting, wherein the metal/gas eutectic directional solidification can be used for preparing porous metal materials. The porous metal material prepared by the method has uncontrollable pore size and pore distribution, and pores with complex shapes are difficult to realize, so that the application prospect is limited to a certain extent. Compared with the disordered porous metal material, the controllable porous metal material has a plurality of characteristics which are not possessed by the disordered porous metal material, and along with the development of technology, the controllable porous metal material becomes the development trend of porous material science.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method for a controllable-pore porous metal material by compensation limit welding, wherein the shape and the size of the prepared controllable-pore porous metal material, the pore diameter of an internal pore and the trend of the pore are controllable.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the application is as follows: a preparation method for realizing porous metal material with controllable holes by compensation limit welding comprises the following steps:
Dividing a three-dimensional model of a porous metal material into more than 1 unit structure, and layering in each unit structure to obtain a plurality of two-dimensional patterns and layers of substrates which are sequentially overlapped and have a certain thickness; processing the metal substrates of each layer according to the two-dimensional pattern, namely a metal substrate S 0, a metal substrate S 1, a metal substrate S 2, a metal substrate S 3 … … and a metal substrate S n;
When the holes of the porous metal material are spherical and the number of layers is odd, the metal substrate S 0, the metal substrate S 1, the metal substrate S 2, the metal substrate S 3 … …, the metal substrate S n, the metal substrate S n-1 … …, the metal substrate S 3, the metal substrate S 2, the metal substrate S 1 and the metal substrate S 0 are sequentially overlapped from bottom to top to finish the superposition of each unit structure;
When the holes of the porous metal material are spherical and the number of layers is even, the superposition of each unit structure is completed by sequentially superposing the metal substrate S 0, the metal substrate S 1, the metal substrate S 2, the metal substrate S 3 … …, the metal substrate S n, the metal substrate S n, the metal substrate S n-1 … …, the metal substrate S 3,, the metal substrate S 2, and the metal substrate S 1, and the metal substrate S 0 from bottom to top;
when the holes of the porous metal material are cylindrical, the superposition of each unit structure is completed by sequentially superposing the metal substrate S 0, the metal substrate S 1, the metal substrate S 2 and the metal substrate S 3 … … and the metal substrate S n;
All the metal substrates are clamped in the limit compensation welding device and then heated to form the porous metal material with controllable holes, wherein the porous metal material with controllable holes comprises aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy, iron and iron alloy.
Further, when the number of the unit structures is more than 2, after the superposition of each unit structure is completed, the unit structures are superposed from bottom to top according to marks in the dividing process.
Further, the controllable pore porous metal material comprises a through pore, a closed pore and a through and closed mixed pore porous metal material.
Further, the metal substrate is a metal sheet or a composite metal sheet, and when the metal substrate is the metal sheet, welding slurry is printed or sprayed on a welding surface before superposition; the composite metal sheet is formed by attaching the soldering lug to the metal sheet by rolling on one or both sides of the metal sheet, and no printing or spraying of soldering paste is required.
Further, the metal substrate comprises a porous substrate S 1-Sn and a sealing substrate S 0, and the thickness of the sealing substrate S 0 is the minimum distance between the hole sections in the adjacent unit structures; the thickness of the porous substrate S 1-Sn is an integer multiple of the pore height or diameter.
Further, when the porous metal material has a spherical pore shape and an odd number of layers, the pore radius of each porous substrate is obtained by:
Wherein Rn is the pore radius of the porous substrate S 1-Sn, and the unit is mm; r is the radius of a spherical hole, and the unit is mm; k is the number of layers; n=the number of porous substrates, the range of values is: 1,2,3 … … (k+1)/2;
when the porous metal material has spherical pores and even layers, the pore radius of each porous substrate is obtained by the following steps:
At this time, the value of n is 1,2,3 … … K/2.
Further, when the pore shape is cylindrical, it includes square, cylindrical, rectangular, prismatic, and the pore size on the porous substrate S 1-Sn is equal to the pore size on the two-dimensional pattern.
Further, the limit compensation welding device comprises a gas protection cavity mechanism, an induction heating coil and a limit compensation clamping mechanism;
After all the overlapped metal substrates are clamped by the limit compensation clamping mechanism, pushing the metal substrates into the gas protection cavity mechanism through a sliding roller, wherein the sliding roller is arranged at the bottom of the gas protection cavity mechanism through a roller bracket, and the top of the sliding roller is arranged in a guide wheel groove at the bottom of the limit compensation clamping mechanism;
The induction heating coil in the gas protection cavity mechanism is used for heating;
the protective gas enters from the air inlet pipe below the gas protective cavity mechanism, after heating is finished,
The shielding gas flows out from an air outlet pipe on the gas shielding cavity mechanism; the shielding gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon or helium.
Further, the limit compensation clamping mechanism comprises a clamping bracket, a limit mechanism, a pressing plate and a compensation mechanism; the limiting mechanism in the clamping bracket is used for limiting all the metal substrates stacked together; the compensation mechanism applies pressure to the pressing plate through the compensation belleville springs, and two sides of the pressing plate are attached to the top end of the limiting mechanism after welding of all the overlapped metal substrates is completed.
And further, after the metal substrate is welded, the temperature is reduced to below 300 ℃ to remove the limit compensation clamping mechanism, so that the porous metal material with the controllable holes is prepared.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:
1. Based on the controllability of the metal substrate, the porous metal material can be prepared according to different requirements of the position, porosity, pore diameter, pore shape, depth-diameter ratio and the like of the pores, so that the shape, size, pore diameter of the internal pores and trend of the pores of the obtained porous metal material can be controlled.
2. The large-volume porous metal material is changed into foil and sheet for processing, and the process is simple; the multiple metal substrates are formed at one time through heating and welding, so that the processing cost of the porous metal material with the controllable holes is reduced.
3. The limit compensation welding device ensures that the prepared porous material with controllable holes has higher dimensional accuracy and reliable welding quality. In the assembly process, the thickness of the porous metal material is increased by the solder on each layer of metal substrate, the thickness of the molten solder is reduced, and at the moment, the belleville spring pressing plate of the limiting compensation clamping mechanism reaches the limiting position, so that the design dimensional accuracy is ensured.
4. The method can prepare porous metal materials with controllable holes such as through holes, closed holes, through closed mixed holes and the like according to the requirements; the diameter of the prepared hole ranges from 0.001 mm to 1000mm, and the depth-diameter ratio is 1-1000.
5. The controllable porous metal material with high dimensional accuracy and complex structure can be prepared; the porous metal material with controllable holes is prepared according to different hole structure shapes rapidly and flexibly, and the preparation process is simplified.
6. The porous metal material with controllable holes prepared by the method has wide selectable material range, and provides favorable conditions for industrial production and wide popularization and application of the product obtained by the method; can be applied to the fields of heat exchange, energy storage, noise reduction, catalysis, shock absorption, shielding, filtration, catalysis and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a part of a longitudinal section of a three-dimensional model when the porous metal material has a spherical shape and an even number of layers.
Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a longitudinal section of a three-dimensional model when the porous metal material has a spherical shape and an even number of layers.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a longitudinal section of a three-dimensional model when the porous metal material has a spherical shape and an odd number of layers.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a longitudinal section of a three-dimensional model when the porous metal material has a spherical shape and an odd number of layers.
Fig. 5 is a partial schematic top view of a three-dimensional model of a spherical porous metal material after being layered and sectioned.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a longitudinal section of a three-dimensional model of a square-hole porous metal material after layering and sectioning.
Fig. 7 is a partial schematic top view of a three-dimensional model of a square-hole porous metal material after being layered and sectioned.
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a limit compensating clamping mechanism.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a clamping cut-away of a limit compensating welding device.
The serial numbers in the figures illustrate: 1. a gas protection cavity mechanism; 2. an induction heating coil; 3. an air inlet pipe; 4. a limit compensation clamping mechanism; 5. a pore-controllable porous metal material; 6. and an air outlet pipe.
11. A cavity housing; 12. a sliding roller; 13. a roller bracket; 41. a compression bolt; 42. a pressing plate; 43. a limiting plate; 44. compensating the belleville spring; 45. clamping a bracket; 51. a metal substrate; 52. and (3) a hole.
431. A limiting surface; 432. a fixing bolt; 451. and a guide wheel groove.
Detailed Description
The principles of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to several example embodiments shown in the drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated in the drawings, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely provided to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and practice the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. The term "comprising" and variations thereof as used herein means open ended, i.e., "including but not limited to. The term "or" means "and/or" unless specifically stated otherwise. The term "based on" means "based at least in part on".
Example 1: the embodiment discloses a preparation method for realizing controllable pore porous metal material by compensation limit welding, which comprises the following implementation steps: dividing a three-dimensional model of a porous metal material with a target controllable hole into more than 1 unit structure, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, layering in each unit structure to obtain a plurality of two-dimensional patterns and layers of substrates which are sequentially overlapped and have a certain thickness, selecting metal foils and sheets, processing the metal substrates 51 with the required shape and thickness, as shown in fig. 5, overlapping the metal substrates 51 of each structural unit according to the slitting sequence, and after the overlapping of each unit structure is completed when the number of the unit structures is more than 2, overlapping each unit structure from bottom to top according to marks in the dividing process. After all the metal substrates 51 are compressed by the limit compensation clamping mechanism 4, as shown in fig. 8, the metal substrates are sent to a welding position along a roller slideway, and after shielding gas is introduced, the induction heating coil 2 is electrified and welded to form a target controllable hole porous metal material 5 entity; and the limiting compensation clamping mechanism 4 is removed when the temperature is reduced to below 300 ℃, and the porous metal material 5 with controllable holes is prepared.
The following is a description of specific examples: in the embodiment, a spherical controllable closed pore porous aluminum material is selected as a target product, the thickness of the porous aluminum material is 6.5mm, the diameter of the spherical pores is 1.9mm, the intervals of the spherical pores are 0.2mm, and the spherical pores are staggered and orderly arranged as shown in figures 3 and 5;
(1) Layering: dividing a target controllable pore porous aluminum material three-dimensional model into 3 unit structures, dividing each unit structure into 19 layers, wherein the thickness of a sealing substrate is 0.2mm, and the thickness of a porous substrate is 0.1mm; superimposed in the order from bottom to top as shown in fig. 3, S 0 represents a sealing substrate, S 1,S2,S3……Sn represents a first layer to an nth layer porous substrate centered with the spherical hole 52, n= (k+1)/2, and n=10 in this example.
(2) And (3) calculating: the pore radius of the porous substrate S 1-S10 in this embodiment is obtained by:
Wherein Rn is the pore radius of the porous substrate S 1-Sn, and the unit is mm; r is the radius of a spherical hole, and the unit is mm; k is the number of layers; where r=0.95 mm, k=19, n=1, 2,3 … …, 10; the radius of the round hole on each layer of porous substrate is calculated: r 1,R2,R3……R10. As shown in fig. 4, where Ln is the length from the middle surface of the thickness of the substrate to the center of the circle.
Selecting a substrate: a sheet with one or both sides of the aluminum alloy with the thickness of 0.1mm being 3003 composited with solder is selected as a porous substrate, and a sheet with one or both sides of the aluminum alloy with the thickness of 0.2mm being 3003 composited with solder is selected as a sealing substrate. The sheet material with the solder compounded on one side or two sides of the aluminum alloy is a composite metal sheet, and the composite metal sheet can also be formed by printing or spraying welding paste on one side or two sides of the aluminum alloy.
(4) Preparing a substrate: after the substrate is cut, the sealed substrate does not need to be reprocessed, the porous substrate adopts a metal etching method, and the porous substrates are respectively processed according to the radius value of the R 1,R2,R3……R10 hole calculated in the step (2).
(5) And (3) stacking substrates: according to the method shown in fig. 3, the metal substrates S 0, S 1, S 2, S 3 … …, S 10, S 9 … …, S 3,, S 2,, S 1, and S 0 are sequentially stacked from bottom to top to complete the stacking of each unit structure; overlapping the 3-unit structure from bottom to top according to marks in dividing to reach the required thickness;
(6) Clamping and welding: the overlapped metal substrates 51 are placed into the limit compensation clamping mechanism 4 to be clamped, enter a welding position along a roller slideway, are electrified and heated to the melting temperature of the composite solder layer by introducing protective gas, are powered off and cooled, and are taken out, and when the temperature is reduced to below 300 ℃, the limit compensation clamping mechanism 4 is removed, so that the integrated welding forming of the porous metal materials 5 with controllable holes is realized.
Example 2: the embodiment discloses a preparation method for realizing controllable pore porous metal material by compensation limit welding, which comprises the following implementation steps: dividing a three-dimensional model of a porous metal material with a target controllable hole into more than 1 unit structure, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, layering in each unit structure to obtain a plurality of two-dimensional patterns and layers of substrates which are sequentially overlapped and have a certain thickness, selecting metal foils and sheets, processing the metal substrates 51 with the required shape and thickness, as shown in fig. 5, overlapping the metal substrates 51 of each structural unit according to the slitting sequence, and after the overlapping of each unit structure is completed when the number of the unit structures is more than 2, overlapping each unit structure from bottom to top according to marks in the dividing process. After all the metal substrates 51 are compressed by the limit compensation clamping mechanism 4, as shown in fig. 8, the metal substrates are sent to a welding position along a roller slideway, and after shielding gas is introduced, the induction heating coil 2 is electrified and welded to form a target controllable hole porous metal material 5 entity; and the limiting compensation clamping mechanism 4 is removed when the temperature is reduced to below 300 ℃, and the porous metal material 5 with controllable holes is prepared.
The following is a description of specific examples: in the embodiment, a spherical controllable closed pore porous aluminum material is selected as a target product, the thickness of the porous aluminum material is 6.5mm, the diameter of spherical pores 52 is 1.9mm, the intervals between the spherical pores 52 are 0.2mm, and the spherical pores are staggered and orderly arranged as shown in figures 1 and 5;
(1) Layering: dividing a target controllable pore porous aluminum material three-dimensional model into 3 unit structures, dividing each unit structure into 20 layers, wherein the thickness of a sealing substrate is 0.2mm, and the thickness of a porous substrate is 0.1mm; stacked in the order from bottom to top as shown in fig. 1, S 0 represents a sealing substrate, S 1,S2,S3……,Sn represents a first layer to an nth layer porous substrate centered with the spherical hole 52, n=k/2, and n=10 in this embodiment.
(2) And (3) calculating: the pore radius of the porous substrate S 1-S10 in this embodiment is obtained by:
Wherein Rn is the pore radius of the porous substrate S 1-Sn, and the unit is mm; r is the radius of a spherical hole, and the unit is mm; k is the number of layers; where r=0.95 mm, k=20, n=1, 2,3 … …, 10; the radius of the round hole on each layer of porous substrate is calculated: r 1,R2,R3……R10. As shown in fig. 2, where Ln is the length from the middle surface of the thickness of the substrate to the center of the circle.
(3) Selecting a substrate: a sheet with one or both sides of the aluminum alloy with the thickness of 0.1mm and the model of 3003 composited with solder is selected as a porous substrate, and a sheet with one or both sides of the aluminum alloy with the thickness of 0.2mm and the model of 3003 composited with solder is selected as a sealing substrate. The sheet material with the solder compounded on one side or two sides of the aluminum alloy is a composite metal sheet, and the composite metal sheet can also be formed by printing or spraying welding paste on one side or two sides of the aluminum alloy.
(4) Preparing a substrate: after the substrate is cut, the sealed substrate does not need to be reprocessed, the porous substrate adopts a metal etching method, and the porous substrates are respectively processed according to the radius value of the R 1,R2,R3……R10 hole calculated in the step (2).
(5) And (3) stacking substrates: according to the method shown in fig. 1, the metal substrates S 0, S 1, S 2, S 3 … …, S 10, S 10, S 9 … …, S 3,, S 2,, S 1, and S 0 are sequentially stacked from bottom to top to complete the stacking of each unit structure; overlapping the 3-unit structure from bottom to top according to marks in dividing to reach the required thickness;
(6) Clamping and welding: the overlapped metal substrates 51 are placed into the limit compensation clamping mechanism 4 to be clamped, enter a welding position along a roller slideway, are electrified and heated to the melting temperature of the composite solder layer by introducing protective gas, are powered off and cooled, and are taken out, and when the temperature is reduced to below 300 ℃, the limit compensation clamping mechanism 4 is removed, so that the integrated welding forming of the porous metal materials 5 with controllable holes is realized.
Example 3: the embodiment discloses a preparation method for realizing controllable pore porous metal material by compensation limit welding, which comprises the following implementation steps: dividing a three-dimensional model of a porous metal material with a target controllable hole into more than 1 unit structures, performing layering treatment in each unit structure to obtain a plurality of two-dimensional patterns and layers of substrates which are sequentially overlapped and have a certain thickness, selecting metal foils and sheets, processing the metal substrates 51 with the required shape and thickness, overlapping the metal substrates 51 of each structural unit according to a slitting sequence as shown in fig. 6 and 7, and overlapping each unit structure from bottom to top according to marks when the number of the unit structures is more than 2 after the overlapping of each unit structure is completed. After all the metal substrates 51 are compressed by the limit compensation clamping mechanism 4, as shown in fig. 8, the metal substrates are sent to a welding position along a roller slideway, and after shielding gas is introduced, the induction heating coil 2 is electrified and welded to form a target controllable hole porous metal material 5 entity; and the limiting compensation clamping mechanism 4 is removed when the temperature is reduced to below 300 ℃, and the porous metal material 5 with controllable holes is prepared.
The following is a description of specific examples:
In the embodiment, a controllable rectangular closed pore porous aluminum material is selected as a target product, the thickness of the porous aluminum material is 60.8mm, the length x width x height of the pores=1x1x30 mm, the pore spacing is 0.2mm, and the pores are staggered and orderly arranged, as shown in fig. 6 and 7; it is also applicable to square holes, cylindrical holes, prismatic holes;
Layering: dividing a target controllable pore porous aluminum material three-dimensional model into 3 unit structures, wherein rectangular pores are averagely divided into 100 layers along the 20mm direction, the thickness of a sealing substrate is 0.2mm, and the thickness of a porous substrate is 0.2mm; superimposed in the order from bottom to top as shown in figure 6,
S 0 represents a sealing substrate, S 1,S2,S3……,S100 represents a first layer to a 100 th layer porous substrate, and n=100 in this embodiment.
Selecting a substrate: and selecting a sheet material of one or two sides of aluminum alloy with the thickness of 0.2mm and model 3003 as a porous substrate and a sealing substrate. The sheet material with the solder compounded on one side or two sides of the aluminum alloy is a composite metal sheet, and the composite metal sheet can also be formed by printing or spraying welding paste on one side or two sides of the aluminum alloy.
(3) Preparing a substrate: after the substrate is cut, the sealing substrate does not need to be processed again, the porous substrate is processed by adopting a die punching method, as shown in figure 7,
(4) And (3) stacking substrates: the stacking of each unit structure is completed by sequentially stacking the metal substrates S 0, S 1, S 2, S 3 … … and S 100 as shown in fig. 6; overlapping the 3-unit structure from bottom to top according to marks in dividing to reach the required thickness;
(5) Clamping and welding: the overlapped metal substrates 51 are placed into the limit compensation clamping mechanism 4 to be clamped, enter a welding position along a roller slideway, are electrified and heated to the melting temperature of the composite solder layer by introducing protective gas, are powered off and cooled, and are taken out, and when the temperature is reduced to below 300 ℃, the limit compensation clamping mechanism 4 is removed, so that the integrated welding forming of the porous metal materials 5 with controllable holes is realized.
The above three embodiments are also applicable to the preparation of the through-hole and the through-closed mixed-hole porous metal material, and when the through-hole porous metal material is prepared, the metal substrate is the porous substrate S 0,S1,S2,S3……,Sn; when the porous metal material with the through-sealed mixing holes is prepared, the metal substrates of the top layer unit structure and the bottom layer unit structure are the sealing substrate S 0, the porous substrate S 1,S2,S3……,Sn, and the metal substrates of the other layer unit structures are the porous substrates S 0,S1,S2,S3……,Sn.
The shielding gas involved in the above three embodiments may be nitrogen or carbon dioxide or argon or helium.
The aluminum alloy involved in the above three embodiments may also be a metal material suitable for brazing, such as aluminum, copper alloy, titanium alloy, iron alloy, or the like.
All metal substrates 51 in the three embodiments are clamped and welded in a limit compensation welding device to form a porous metal material 5 with controllable holes, the limit compensation welding device comprises a gas protection cavity mechanism 1, an induction heating coil 2 and a limit compensation clamping mechanism 4, the gas protection cavity mechanism 1 comprises a cavity shell 11, a roller support 13 is arranged at the bottom of the cavity shell, a sliding roller 12 is mounted on each roller support 13, the limit compensation clamping mechanism 4 is arranged on the roller support, the top of the sliding roller 12 is arranged in a guide wheel groove 451 at the bottom of the limit compensation clamping mechanism 4, the induction heating coil 2 is positioned in the cavity shell, a protective gas inlet pipe 3 is arranged below the cavity shell, and a protective gas outlet pipe 6 is arranged above the protective gas inlet pipe.
The limiting compensation clamping mechanism 4 in the three embodiments comprises a clamping bracket 45, a limiting mechanism, a pressing plate 42 and a compensation mechanism;
The limiting mechanism comprises a limiting plate 43 and a plurality of fixing bolts 432, the height of the limiting plate 43 is equal to the thickness of the porous metal material 5 with controllable holes, the fixing bolts 432 penetrate through the clamping support 45 to be connected with the limiting plate 43, and the limiting plate 43 can be replaced according to requirements;
Two sides of the clamping bracket 45 are provided with a plurality of bolt holes for fixing the limiting plate 43, the bottom of the clamping bracket 45 is provided with a guide wheel groove 451, and the top of the clamping bracket 45 is provided with a plurality of wire holes for fixing the pressing plate 42;
The compensation mechanism comprises a plurality of compensation belleville springs 44 and a plurality of compression bolts 41, and the belleville springs are high-temperature resistant springs; the pressing bolts 41 pass through corresponding wire holes and press the pressing plate 42 through the compensation belleville springs 44, and after welding is finished, two sides of the pressing plate 42 are attached to the top ends of the limiting surfaces 431 of the limiting plates.
Limiting function in limiting compensation welding device: the problem that the clamping force is small to cause the virtual welding of the porous metal materials can be avoided as well as the fact that the size of the porous metal materials after welding is smaller than the actual size due to the fact that the substrates are clamped too tightly can be avoided. The compensation function in the limiting compensation welding device aims at solving the problems of thermal expansion and cold contraction generated in the welding temperature rising and falling process, and the compensation belleville spring always maintains the clamping force on the welding part, so that the phenomena of cold joint and uncontrollable size are avoided.
The porous metal material with controllable holes has the advantages of simple preparation process, strong applicability, realization of flexible processing of any structure and any size, and low processing cost, and is easy to realize industrialization, and the processing of the porous metal material with controllable holes with complex shapes is difficult to realize in the traditional processing and manufacturing.
The above description is only of alternative embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the disclosure, and various modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.
Although claims have been formulated in this application to particular combinations of features, it should be understood that the scope of the disclosure also includes any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed herein either explicitly or implicitly or any generalisation thereof, whether or not it relates to the same in any claim as presently claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method for realizing the porous metal material with controllable holes by compensation limit welding is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Dividing a three-dimensional model of a porous metal material into more than 1 unit structure, and layering in each unit structure to obtain a plurality of two-dimensional patterns and layers of sequentially overlapped substrates; processing the metal substrates of each layer, namely a metal substrate S 0, a metal substrate S 1, a metal substrate S 2 and a metal substrate S 3 … … and a metal substrate S n by a metal etching method or a die punching method according to the two-dimensional pattern;
When the holes of the porous metal material are spherical and the number of layers is odd, the metal substrate S 0, the metal substrate S 1, the metal substrate S 2, the metal substrate S 3 … …, the metal substrate S n, the metal substrate S n-1 … …, the metal substrate S 3, the metal substrate S 2, the metal substrate S 1 and the metal substrate S 0 are sequentially overlapped from bottom to top to finish the superposition of each unit structure;
When the holes of the porous metal material are spherical and the number of layers is even, the metal substrate S 0, the metal substrate S 1, the metal substrate S 2, the metal substrate S 3 … …, the metal substrate S n, the metal substrate S n, the metal substrate S n-1 … …, the metal substrate S 3, the metal substrate S 2, the metal substrate S 1 and the metal substrate S 0 are sequentially overlapped from bottom to top to finish the superposition of each unit structure;
when the holes of the porous metal material are cylindrical, the superposition of each unit structure is completed by sequentially superposing the metal substrate S 0, the metal substrate S 1, the metal substrate S 2 and the metal substrate S 3 … … and the metal substrate S n;
All the metal substrates are clamped in the limit compensation welding device and then heated to form the porous metal material with controllable holes, wherein the porous metal material with controllable holes comprises aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy, iron and iron alloy.
2. The method for preparing the porous metal material with the controllable holes by compensation limit welding according to claim 1, wherein when the number of the unit structures is more than 2, after the superposition of each unit structure is completed, the unit structures are superposed from bottom to top according to marks in dividing.
3. The method for preparing the porous metal material with controllable pores by compensating limit welding according to claim 1, wherein the porous metal material with controllable pores comprises a through pore, a closed pore and a porous metal material with a through and closed mixed pore.
4. The method for preparing the porous metal material with controllable holes by compensation limit welding according to claim 1, wherein the metal substrate is a metal sheet or a composite metal sheet, and when the metal substrate is the metal sheet, welding slurry is printed or sprayed on a welding surface before superposition; the composite metal sheet is formed by attaching a soldering lug to a metal sheet by rolling on one or both sides of the metal sheet.
5. The method for preparing the porous metal material with controllable holes by compensation limit welding according to claim 1, wherein the metal substrates comprise a porous substrate S 1-Sn and a sealing substrate S 0, and the thickness of the sealing substrate S 0 is the minimum distance between the hole sections in adjacent unit structures; the thickness of the porous substrate S 1-Sn is the height of the holes.
6. The method for preparing the porous metal material with controllable pores by compensation limit welding according to claim 5, wherein when the pores of the porous metal material are spherical and the number of layers is odd, the pore radius of each porous substrate is obtained by:
；
Wherein Rn is the pore radius of the porous substrate S 1-Sn, and the unit is mm; r is the radius of a spherical hole, and the unit is mm; k is the number of layers; n=the number of porous substrates, the range of values is: 1,2,3 … … (k+1)/2;
when the porous metal material has spherical pores and even layers, the pore radius of each porous substrate is obtained by the following steps:
；
At this time, the value of n is 1,2,3 … … K/2.
7. The method for preparing a porous metal material with controllable pores by compensating for spacing welding according to claim 5, wherein the pores are in the form of columns, including squares, cylinders, rectangles, prisms, and the pore size on the porous substrate S 1-Sn is equal to the pore size on the two-dimensional pattern.
8. The method for preparing the porous metal material with the controllable holes by compensation limit welding according to claim 1, wherein the limit compensation welding device comprises a gas protection cavity mechanism, an induction heating coil and a limit compensation clamping mechanism;
After all the overlapped metal substrates are clamped by the limit compensation clamping mechanism, pushing the metal substrates into the gas protection cavity mechanism through a sliding roller, wherein the sliding roller is arranged at the bottom of the gas protection cavity mechanism through a roller bracket, and the top of the sliding roller is arranged in a guide wheel groove at the bottom of the limit compensation clamping mechanism;
The induction heating coil in the gas protection cavity mechanism is used for heating; the protective gas enters from an air inlet pipe below the gas protective cavity mechanism, and after heating is finished, the protective gas flows out from an air outlet pipe above the gas protective cavity mechanism; the shielding gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon or helium.
9. The method for preparing the porous metal material with the controllable holes by compensation limit welding according to claim 8, wherein the limit compensation clamping mechanism comprises a clamping bracket, a limit mechanism, a pressing plate and a compensation mechanism; the limiting mechanism in the clamping bracket is used for limiting all the metal substrates stacked together; the compensation mechanism applies pressure to the pressing plate through the compensation belleville spring, and two sides of the pressing plate are attached to the top end of the limiting mechanism after all the overlapped metal substrates are welded.
10. The method for preparing the porous metal material with the controllable holes by compensating limit welding according to claim 8, wherein after the metal substrate is welded, the temperature is reduced to below 300 ℃ to remove the limiting compensating clamping mechanism, so as to prepare the porous metal material with the controllable holes.
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