CN111036902B - Porous forming method for selective laser additive manufacturing - Google Patents

Porous forming method for selective laser additive manufacturing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111036902B
CN111036902B CN201911282096.4A CN201911282096A CN111036902B CN 111036902 B CN111036902 B CN 111036902B CN 201911282096 A CN201911282096 A CN 201911282096A CN 111036902 B CN111036902 B CN 111036902B
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slm
metal
alloy powder
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printer
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CN111036902A (en
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严鹏飞
严彪
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/62—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by chemical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention relates to a porous forming method for selective laser additive manufacturing, which is characterized in that in the process of melting metal alloy powder on a two-dimensional section after a three-dimensional model is sliced by using a high-energy laser beam of an SLM 3D printer, under the condition that the scanning distance is not changed, the laser power and the scanning speed of the SLM 3D printer are linearly reduced to 10% -30% of the preset values of the laser power and the scanning speed, and the three-dimensional target product of a metal porous tissue block is obtained by printing layer by layer from bottom to top. Compared with the prior art, the preparation of the metal porous material is realized by adopting SLM 3D printing, so that the processing process of a target product is an additive manufacturing process, zero loss of raw materials is realized, simultaneously micropores are prevented from being blocked, and the performance of the processed product is ensured; compared with the general process, the metal SLM porous forming process has obviously smaller sparks, and particularly, splashed sparks can basically disappear.

Description

Porous forming method for selective laser additive manufacturing
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation of metal porous materials, in particular to a porous forming method for selective laser additive manufacturing.
Background
The metal porous material is internally dispersed with a large number of directional or random holes, and the diameter of the holes is between about 2um and 3 mm. Due to different design requirements for the holes, the holes may be of a foam type, a lotus-shaped type, a honeycomb type, or the like. The porous metal material can be divided into two main types, i.e., an independent pore type and a continuous pore type, according to the shape of the pores. The independent material has the characteristics of small specific gravity, good rigidity and specific strength, good vibration absorption and sound absorption performance and the like; the continuous material has the above-mentioned characteristics, and also has the characteristics of good permeability and air permeability. The porous metal material has the characteristics of structural materials and functional materials, so that the porous metal material is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, transportation, building engineering, mechanical engineering, electrochemical engineering, environmental protection engineering and the like.
The metal porous material is generally made from spherical or irregular metal or alloy powder through shaping and sintering, for example, CN1268460C discloses a preparation method of the metal porous material, and relates to a method for preparing the metal porous material. The preparation method is characterized in that metal powder is added with a water-soluble binder to be mixed into metal powder slurry, the metal powder slurry is uniformly coated on a metal wire mesh, the metal wire mesh is dried, sintered under the protection of vacuum or reducing atmosphere, and the sintered metal wire mesh is rolled to obtain the metal porous material.
The sintering method can only obtain the metal porous material firstly, and the final target product can be obtained only by carrying out the machining processes of re-grinding, turning and the like according to the requirements after the metal porous material is cooled, so that a large amount of waste materials can be generated in the machining process, a large amount of materials are wasted, and the micropores can be blocked due to the action of stress in the process of machining the metal porous material, so that the material structure is damaged, and the performance of the product is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a porous forming method for laser selective additive manufacturing, and the method does not adopt a sintering-reprocessing method in the prior art to obtain a target product, but adopts SLM 3D printing to realize the preparation of a metal porous material, so that the processing process of the target product is an additive manufacturing process, zero loss of raw materials is realized, micropores are prevented from being blocked, and the performance of the processed product is ensured.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
according to the porous forming method for the selective laser additive manufacturing, in the process of melting metal alloy powder on a two-dimensional section after a three-dimensional model is sliced by using a high-energy laser beam of an SLM 3D printer, under the condition that the scanning distance is not changed, the laser power and the scanning speed of the SLM 3D printer are linearly reduced to 10% -30% of the preset values of the laser power and the scanning speed, and the porous forming method is used for printing layer by layer from bottom to top to obtain a three-dimensional target product of a metal porous tissue block. The prior SLM 3D printing technology can only realize printing of a micropore-free metal product, the SLM 3D printing technology is adjusted from the aspect of operation technology, and the structure of a processed product is changed by improving the technology.
Further, the metal alloy powder is one of aluminum alloy powder, iron-based alloy powder or copper alloy powder.
Further, the laser power of the SLM 3D printer is set to be 150-200W.
Further, the scanning speed of the SLM 3D printer is set to be 200-1500 mm/s.
Further, the scanning interval of the SLM 3D printer is set to be 0.02-0.2 mm.
Further, the thickness of the metal alloy powder is 15 to 100 μm.
Further, the porosity of the obtained three-dimensional target product of the metal porous structure block is 40-60%; the pore channels in the obtained three-dimensional target product of the metal porous structure block are uniformly distributed.
Further, the particle size of the metal alloy powder is 100-500 meshes.
Further, annealing treatment is carried out after the printing from bottom to top layer by layer is finished so as to eliminate the thermal stress in the product.
Further, etching or polishing is carried out after annealing treatment, and a three-dimensional target product of the metal porous structure block is obtained.
The energy of the laser forms a molten pool in a heat influence area on the surface of the metal powder, the molten pool influences the forming effect of the powder around the molten pool, the invention realizes better melting effect and simultaneously generates more uniform pores by reducing the laser power and the scanning speed to 10-30% of the preset value of the laser power and the scanning speed, and simultaneously keeps the product to have better surface quality, so that the target product of the metal porous material can be prepared by an additive manufacturing method.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation of the metal porous material is realized by adopting SLM 3D printing, so that the processing process of a target product is an additive manufacturing process, zero loss of raw materials is realized, simultaneously micropores are prevented from being blocked, and the performance of the processed product is ensured;
on the other hand, in the printing process of the target product, compared with the general process, the metal SLM porous forming process has obviously smaller sparks, and particularly, splashed sparks can be basically eliminated.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto in any way.
Example 1
In the embodiment, SLM 3D printing is performed on the aluminum alloy powder to obtain a final porous metal material product.
The standard power is: 150W-190W;
the scanning speed is 200-800mm/s, the range is the result of a large number of experiments in the implementation process, and the fine adjustment can be carried out according to different machines;
the scanning interval is: 0.03-0.2 mm;
selecting aluminum alloy powder with the grain diameter of 100 meshes;
the laying thickness of the aluminum alloy powder is as follows: 15 μm;
the porosity of the obtained three-dimensional target product of the aluminum alloy porous structure block is 40-60%; the pore channels in the three-dimensional target product of the obtained aluminum alloy porous structure block are uniformly distributed.
And annealing treatment is carried out after the printing from bottom to top layer by layer is finished so as to eliminate the thermal stress in the product. And etching or polishing after annealing treatment to obtain a three-dimensional target product of the aluminum alloy porous structure block.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the iron-based alloy powder is used for SLM 3D printing to obtain a final porous metal material product.
The standard power is: 150W-190W;
the scanning speed is 200-800mm/s, the range is the result of a large number of experiments in the implementation process, and the fine adjustment can be carried out according to different machines;
the scanning interval is: 0.03-0.2 mm;
selecting iron-based alloy powder with the grain size of 500 meshes;
the laying thickness of the iron-based alloy is as follows: 100 μm;
the porosity of the obtained three-dimensional target product of the iron-based alloy porous structure block is 40-60%; the pore channels in the three-dimensional target product of the iron-based alloy porous structure block are uniformly distributed.
And annealing treatment is carried out after the printing from bottom to top layer by layer is finished so as to eliminate the thermal stress in the product. And etching or polishing after annealing treatment to obtain a three-dimensional target product of the iron-based alloy porous structure block.
Example 3
In the embodiment, SLM 3D printing is performed on the copper alloy powder to obtain a final porous metal material product.
The standard power is: 150W-190W;
the scanning speed is 200-800mm/s, the range is the result of a large number of experiments in the implementation process, and the fine adjustment can be carried out according to different machines;
the scanning interval is: 0.03-0.2 mm;
selecting copper alloy powder with the grain diameter of 200 meshes;
the laying thickness of the copper alloy is as follows: 25 μm;
the porosity of the obtained three-dimensional target product of the copper alloy porous structure block is 40-60%; the pore channels in the three-dimensional target product of the obtained copper alloy porous structure block are uniformly distributed.
And annealing treatment is carried out after the printing from bottom to top layer by layer is finished so as to eliminate the thermal stress in the product. And etching or polishing after annealing treatment to obtain a three-dimensional target product of the copper alloy porous structure block.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A porous forming method for selective laser additive manufacturing is characterized in that in the process of melting metal alloy powder on a two-dimensional section after a three-dimensional model is sliced by using a high-energy laser beam of an SLM 3D printer, under the condition that the scanning distance is not changed, the laser power and the scanning speed of the SLM 3D printer are linearly reduced to 10% -30% of the preset values of the laser power and the scanning speed, and the porous forming method is used for printing layer by layer from bottom to top to obtain a three-dimensional target product of a metal porous tissue block;
the metal alloy powder is one of aluminum alloy powder, iron-based alloy powder or copper alloy powder;
the laser power of the SLM 3D printer is set to be 150-200W, the scanning speed of the SLM 3D printer is set to be 200-1500 mm/s, the scanning distance of the SLM 3D printer is set to be 0.02-0.2 mm, the laying thickness of the metal alloy powder is 15-100 mu m, the porosity of the obtained three-dimensional target product of the metal porous structure block is 40% -60%, and therefore pore channels in the obtained three-dimensional target product of the metal porous structure block are uniformly distributed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal alloy powder has a particle size of 100 to 500 mesh.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of annealing is performed after the step of printing from bottom to top is performed to relieve thermal stress in the product.
4. The porous forming method for the selective laser additive manufacturing according to claim 3, wherein the annealing treatment is followed by etching or polishing to obtain a three-dimensional target product of the metal porous structure block.
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CN111893341B (en) * 2020-07-03 2022-05-17 华南理工大学 Additive manufacturing method of aluminum-based boron carbide structure for neutron protection
CN111992717B (en) * 2020-08-30 2021-11-09 中南大学 Method for preparing metal gradient material by selective laser melting
FR3115480B1 (en) * 2020-10-27 2022-12-09 Commissariat Energie Atomique Process for manufacturing a porous structure for the transport of a fluid
CN112276084A (en) * 2020-10-28 2021-01-29 上海艾斯拓扑管理中心(有限合伙) Forming process method of breathable die steel for additive manufacturing
CN112692302A (en) * 2020-11-23 2021-04-23 河钢承德钒钛新材料有限公司 Manufacturing method of 3D printing microporous metal aeration head
CN112496345B (en) * 2021-02-05 2021-05-14 西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司 Hard alloy additive preparation method
CN115533122A (en) * 2022-12-01 2022-12-30 四川工程职业技术学院 Iron-based alloy body and forming method and application thereof

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FR2980380A1 (en) * 2011-09-23 2013-03-29 Snecma Manufacturing metal part such as blade of turboshaft engine, comprises performing two successive sweepings of same zone of metal powder layer by laser beam or electron beam, where metal powder layer is coated with deposit on support
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