CN109396434B - Method for preparing titanium alloy part based on selective laser melting technology - Google Patents

Method for preparing titanium alloy part based on selective laser melting technology Download PDF

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CN109396434B
CN109396434B CN201811272970.1A CN201811272970A CN109396434B CN 109396434 B CN109396434 B CN 109396434B CN 201811272970 A CN201811272970 A CN 201811272970A CN 109396434 B CN109396434 B CN 109396434B
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titanium alloy
laser melting
selective laser
powder
alloy part
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CN109396434A (en
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何贝贝
朱德祥
吴文恒
杨启云
龙倩蕾
张亮
卢林
倪晓晴
宋佳
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Shanghai Material Research Institute Co ltd
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Shanghai Institute of Materials
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/66Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/68Cleaning or washing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C14/00Alloys based on titanium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/32Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/34Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/36Process control of energy beam parameters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/36Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, and relates to a method for preparing a titanium alloy part based on a selective laser melting technology, which comprises the following steps: selecting spherical titanium alloy powder with good fluidity as a raw material; constructing a part model to be prepared by using three-dimensional software, carrying out two-dimensional slicing on the model, and then guiding the model into selective laser melting molding equipment; setting appropriate laser processing technological parameters, performing the processing process under the argon protective atmosphere, and performing wire cutting, cleaning and sand blasting after the processing is finished. Compared with the prior art, the method for preparing the titanium alloy part provided by the invention has the advantages that the density of the prepared titanium alloy part is high and the comprehensive mechanical property is strong by continuously optimizing the laser processing technological parameters.

Description

Method for preparing titanium alloy part based on selective laser melting technology
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a titanium alloy part based on a selective laser melting technology.
Background
The 3D printing technology breaks through the idea of the cutting machining or material forced forming principle of the traditional manufacturing technology, adopts a novel additive forming idea, and can realize the forming of the material by a discrete accumulation method from bottom to top layer by layer without the need of a traditional die and machining. Compared with the traditional machining method, the 3D printing technology mainly has the following advantages: (1) the forming process is more flexible, the support of a tool clamp or a die is not needed, the forming method is particularly suitable for forming workpieces with complex structures, and the requirements of small-batch production and personalized customization of special workpieces can be met; (2) the net forming or near net forming of the material can be realized, and the utilization rate of the material is improved; (3) the 3D printing technology has high forming efficiency and short production period, greatly reduces the production cost, and is convenient for realizing informatization control in the forming process; (4) because the energy density of the laser heat source is high, the 3D printing formed part undergoes the rapid melting/solidification process, the non-equilibrium solidification characteristic promotes the optimization of the performance of the part, and further a fine, uniform and rapid solidification structure with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties is formed, which is superior to the formed parts of the traditional forging, casting and other processes; (5) the application range of the processing material is wide, and some high-melting-point metals, alloys, ceramic materials and the like which are difficult to process by the traditional processing method can be formed by the process.
The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology, as a typical 3D printing process, is developed on the basis of the Selective Laser sintering technology, which realizes complete densification of a formed part and further improves its comprehensive mechanical properties. The selective laser melting technology adopts a complete melting mechanism of powder, and reasonable laser process parameters are selected to completely melt the metal powder particles of the newly laid layer and partially melt the deposited layer, thereby realizing good metallurgical bonding between layers. Currently, this technique has been used to form a variety of metals such as nickel-base superalloys, titanium alloys, die steels, stainless steels, and the like.
The titanium alloy as one of the main structural materials in the fields of aviation and aerospace has a series of advantages of low density, high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, low thermal conductivity, no toxicity, no magnetism, weldability and the like, so that the titanium alloy 3D printing technology is successfully used for directly forming small precise components and large complex components in aerospace engines. As early as 1997, the american Sandia national laboratory proposed the idea of using laser additive manufacturing to form titanium alloy components and used laser melt deposition techniques to produce the first Ti6Al4V titanium alloy engine blades. In 2012, the research and application of additive manufacturing technology made several significant progress. Such as NASA, use selective laser melting techniques to make metal parts and plans to use the techniques for making J-2X engine parts. The Sciakv company in the United states is in international leading position in the electron beam additive manufacturing technology and equipment research of large titanium alloy components. In recent years, China also makes great progress in the research aspect of titanium alloy 3D printing technology, but in the processing process of titanium alloy parts, complex chemical reaction occurs in a molten pool, and an input heat source has obvious influence on forming quality and momentum change, for example, powder raw materials (granularity, fluidity, sphericity and the like) and laser parameters (laser power, scanning speed, scanning interval and the like) have important influence on the forming parts. Therefore, the powder material is melted and solidified inevitably to cause structural defects such as air holes, cracks, residual stress and the like in the formed part, and further, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the formed part and the stability and reliability of use are affected, so that the control of the powder material and laser parameters is important in order to obtain the titanium alloy part with excellent structure and performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of air holes, cracks and the like in the forming process of the titanium alloy part in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing the titanium alloy part based on a selective laser melting technology.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a titanium alloy part based on a selective laser melting technology comprises the following steps:
1) selecting spherical titanium alloy powder with good fluidity as a raw material;
2) constructing a part model to be prepared by using three-dimensional software, carrying out two-dimensional slicing on the model, and then guiding the model into selective laser melting molding equipment;
3) setting processing technological parameters of the selective laser melting processing process, and performing laser processing;
4) and carrying out linear cutting, cleaning and sand blasting on the printed part to obtain the titanium alloy part.
In one embodiment of the invention, the titanium alloy is Ti6Al 4V.
The Ti6Al4V powder for selective laser melting forming comprises the following components: al: 5.5-6.75%, V: 3.5% -4.5%, Fe: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, C: less than or equal to 0.08 percent, N: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, H: less than or equal to 0.012 percent, O: less than or equal to 0.13 percent, Ti: and (4) the balance.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step 1), the particle size range of the Ti6Al4V powder for selective laser melting forming is mainly 15-53 μm, the weight of the powder with the particle size of less than 15 μm accounts for 3-5%, and the weight of the powder with the particle size of more than 53 μm accounts for no more than 12%.
The powder with the particle size of less than 15 microns is the main reason of low powder flowability, the proportion of the Ti6Al4V powder for selective laser melting is reduced by air classification, but the laser sintering is facilitated due to the fact that the specific surface area of the fine particle powder is large and the sintering driving force is large, meanwhile, the gaps of the formed part can be reduced due to the fact that the fine particles are filled into the gaps of the large particles, the density and the strength of the formed part are improved, and therefore a part of the fine particle powder needs to be reserved. The powder with the particle size larger than 53 μm is a main cause of rough surface and poor forming precision of the laser melting formed part in the selected area, so the content of the powder with the particle size larger than 53 μm needs to be controlled.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Ti6Al4V powder for selective laser melting forming has a flowability of 45s or less.
Powder fluidity is a key factor influencing the quality of the selective laser melting molded part, and is poor in powder laying fluidity, so that the powder laying layer thickness in certain areas is uneven, more splashes are generated during laser sintering, and the defects of cracks, unfused powder and the like are easy to occur in the molded part.
Preferably, the loose packing density of Ti6Al4V powder for selective laser melting forming is 2.2-2.5 g/cm3
In one embodiment of the invention, step 2) the desired model is built using three-dimensional software and saved in STL format.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step 2), the STL format file is sliced by using slicing software, and the slice thickness is 0.01-0.02 mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step 3), the powder spreading thickness of the metal powder is set to be 20-40 μm, the diameter of a laser spot is 70-100 μm, the laser power is 150-300W, the laser scanning speed is 800-1500 mm/s, and the laser scanning interval is 90-130 μm.
The selective laser melting process is a process of quickly acting a high-energy laser heat source and metal material powder, the powder material is quickly melted and solidified in a short time by quick heating and cooling, great thermal stress can be caused between the material forming area and the formed area, if the laser processing parameters of the part are not properly selected, surface cracks can be caused to the part, and once the macrocracks are generated, the practicability of the part is greatly limited. Therefore, in the selective laser melting forming process of the parts, the laser processing technological parameters need to be strictly selected, and the formed parts with few defects and high comprehensive mechanical properties are obtained.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step 3), argon is introduced into the forming cavity as a protective gas during the processing process, so that the oxygen content in the forming cavity is not more than 0.1%.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in the step 3), the substrate preheating temperature is set to 20 to 50 ℃.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step 4), the wire cutting is performed by using a reciprocating wire-cut electric discharge machine, and the wire is cut at a speed of less than 10 mm/s.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step 4), the cleaning is ultrasonic cleaning, the cleaning medium is an organic solvent and absolute ethyl alcohol, and the cleaning time is not less than 0.5 hour.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step 4), the sand type used for sand blasting is corundum sand, the granularity is 0.5-1 mm, and the duration is 5-12 min.
Preferably, the selective laser melting rapid prototyping device is an EOS M290 device in germany.
Compared with the prior art, the method for preparing the titanium alloy part based on the selective laser melting technology, which is provided by the invention, adopts the titanium alloy powder special for selective laser melting as a raw material, and can ensure that the forming precision reaches +/-0.05 mm, the surface roughness Ra is less than 7.5 mu m and the density is not less than 98 percent by optimizing the metal selective laser melting processing technological parameters, so that the titanium alloy part with compact structure, less defects and high comprehensive mechanical property can be obtained; the surface roughness Ra can be smaller than 4.5 mu m through subsequent treatments such as wire cutting, cleaning, sand blasting and the like, and the titanium alloy part with good surface quality is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of a titanium alloy part formed by laser melting of selected areas in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of a selected area laser fusion formed bulk part of example 1 before and after erosion.
FIG. 3 is a fracture morphology plot of a selected area laser melt formed tensile member of example 1.
FIG. 4 is a pictorial view of a titanium alloy part formed by laser melting of selected areas in example 2.
FIG. 5 is a tensile fracture morphology plot of a selected area laser melt formed part of example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1:
a method for preparing a titanium alloy part based on a selective laser melting technology comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting Ti6Al4V powder as a raw material for selective laser melting forming, wherein the weight of the powder with the granularity of less than 15 mu m accounts for 3-5%, the weight of the powder with the granularity of more than 53 mu m does not exceed 10%, and the rest granularity ranges from 15 to 53 mu m; the fluidity is less than or equal to 45s, and the apparent density is 2.2-2.5 g/cm 3; the Ti6Al4V powder comprises the following components: al: 5.5-6.75%, V: 3.5% -4.5%, Fe: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, C: less than or equal to 0.08 percent, N: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, H: less than or equal to 0.012 percent, O: less than or equal to 0.13 percent, Ti: and (4) the balance.
Step two: building a block and a stretch piece model by using three-dimensional software, and storing the block and the stretch piece model into an STL format; the STL formatted file was sliced using slicing software to a slice thickness of 0.01 mm.
Step three: and adopting German EOS M290 equipment to perform selective laser melting forming processing, preheating the substrate before the processing is started, and setting the preheating temperature of the substrate to be 35 ℃. Then argon is introduced into the forming cavity to be used as protective gas, and the oxygen content in the forming cavity is ensured not to be higher than 0.1 percent. The powder spreading thickness of the metal powder is set to be 30 mu m, the laser spot diameter is set to be 70 mu m, the laser power is set to be 300W, the laser scanning speed is set to be 1200mm/s, and the laser scanning interval is set to be 110 mu m.
Step four: after the parts are machined, performing line cutting by adopting a reciprocating wire-moving electric spark linear cutting machine; then, ultrasonically cleaning the cut parts, wherein cleaning media are No. 120 solvent oil and absolute ethyl alcohol, and the cleaning time is 1 hour; and (3) carrying out sand blasting on the cut part, wherein the sand type adopted by the sand blasting is corundum sand, the granularity is 0.5mm, and the duration is 10 min.
FIG. 1 is a view showing a titanium alloy part formed by laser fusion in a selected area in example 1, and FIG. 2 is a view showing a microstructure of the selected area laser fusion-formed bulk part in example 1 before and after etching. FIG. 3 is a fracture morphology plot of a selected area laser melt formed tensile member of example 1.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, it can be seen that the titanium alloy part obtained in the present embodiment has a forming precision of ± 0.05mm, a surface roughness Ra of less than 4.5 μm, and a compactness of not less than 98%.
Example 2:
a method for preparing a titanium alloy part based on a selective laser melting technology comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting process pure Ti powder as a raw material for selective laser melting forming, wherein the weight of the powder with the granularity of less than 15 mu m accounts for 4-5%, the weight of the powder with the granularity of more than 53 mu m does not exceed 12%, and the rest granularity ranges from 15-53 mu m; the fluidity is less than or equal to 45s, and the apparent density is 2.5-2.9 g/cm 3; the Ti6Al4V powder comprises the following components: al: 5.5-6.75%, V: 3.5% -4.5%, Fe: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, C: less than or equal to 0.08 percent, N: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, H: less than or equal to 0.012 percent, O: less than or equal to 0.13 percent, Ti: and (4) the balance.
Step two: building a block and a stretch piece model by using three-dimensional software, and storing the block and the stretch piece model into an STL format; the STL formatted file was sliced using slicing software to a slice thickness of 0.01 mm.
Step three: and adopting German EOS M290 equipment to perform selective laser melting forming processing, preheating the substrate before the processing is started, and setting the preheating temperature of the substrate to be 40 ℃. Then argon is introduced into the forming cavity to be used as protective gas, and the oxygen content in the forming cavity is ensured not to be higher than 0.1 percent. The powder spreading thickness of the metal powder is set to be 30 mu m, the laser spot diameter is set to be 70 mu m, the laser power is set to be 250W, the laser scanning speed is set to be 1400mm/s, and the laser scanning interval is set to be 130 mu m.
Step four: after the parts are machined, performing line cutting by adopting a reciprocating wire-moving electric spark linear cutting machine; then, ultrasonically cleaning the cut parts, wherein the adopted cleaning media are No. 120 solvent oil and absolute ethyl alcohol, and the cleaning time is 1 hour; and (3) carrying out sand blasting on the cut part, wherein the sand type adopted by the sand blasting is corundum sand, the granularity is 0.5mm, and the duration is 12 min.
FIG. 4 is a pictorial view of a titanium alloy part formed by laser melting of selected areas in example 2. FIG. 5 is a tensile fracture morphology plot of a selected area laser melt formed part of example 2.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, it can be seen that the forming precision of the titanium alloy part obtained in the present embodiment reaches ± 0.05mm, the surface roughness Ra is less than 4.5 μm, and the density is not less than 98%.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for preparing a titanium alloy part based on a selective laser melting technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting spherical titanium alloy powder as a raw material;
2) constructing a part model to be prepared, carrying out two-dimensional slicing on the model, and then guiding the model into selective laser melting forming equipment;
3) setting processing technological parameters of the selective laser melting processing process, and performing laser processing;
4) performing linear cutting, cleaning and sand blasting on the printed part to obtain a titanium alloy part;
in the step 1), in the spherical titanium alloy powder, the weight of the powder with the granularity of less than 15 mu m accounts for 3-5%, and the weight of the powder with the granularity of more than 53 mu m does not exceed 12%; in the step 1), the flowability of the spherical titanium alloy powder is less than or equal to 45s, and the apparent density of the titanium alloy powder is 2.2-2.5 g/cm3
In the step 3), the powder spreading thickness of the metal powder is set to be 20-40 mu m, the diameter of a laser spot is 70-100 mu m, the laser power is 150-300W, the laser scanning speed is 800-1500 mm/s, and the laser scanning interval is 90-130 mu m.
2. The method for preparing the titanium alloy part based on the selective laser melting technology, as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the required model is constructed by using three-dimensional software and stored in an STL format, and the STL format file is sliced by using slicing software, wherein the slice thickness is 0.01-0.02 mm.
3. The method for preparing the titanium alloy part based on the selective laser melting technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3), protective gas is introduced into the forming cavity during the processing process, so that the oxygen content in the forming cavity is not more than 0.1%.
4. The method for preparing the titanium alloy part based on the selective laser melting technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature of the substrate in the step 3) is set to be 20-50 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the titanium alloy part based on the selective laser melting technology, according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the wire cutting adopts a reciprocating wire-moving electric spark wire cutting machine to move wires at the speed of less than 10 mm/s.
6. The method for preparing the titanium alloy part based on the selective laser melting technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the cleaning is ultrasonic cleaning, the cleaning medium is an organic solvent and absolute ethyl alcohol, and the cleaning time is not less than 0.5 hour.
7. The method for preparing the titanium alloy part based on the selective laser melting technology, as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the sand type used for the sand blasting is corundum sand, the granularity is 0.5-1 mm, and the duration is 5-12 min.
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CN104259459A (en) * 2014-09-29 2015-01-07 飞而康快速制造科技有限责任公司 Method for producing titanium alloy artware by adopting selective laser melting
CN106636748A (en) * 2017-01-24 2017-05-10 上海材料研究所 TC4 titanium alloy powder for 3D (Three Dimensional) printing and preparation method thereof

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