CN110976859A - Method for removing surface roughness of additive cylindrical titanium alloy part - Google Patents
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- CN110976859A CN110976859A CN201911043386.3A CN201911043386A CN110976859A CN 110976859 A CN110976859 A CN 110976859A CN 201911043386 A CN201911043386 A CN 201911043386A CN 110976859 A CN110976859 A CN 110976859A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/16—Polishing
- C25F3/22—Polishing of heavy metals
- C25F3/26—Polishing of heavy metals of refractory metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic removal of material from objects; Servicing or operating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for removing the surface roughness of an additive cylindrical titanium alloy part, comprising the following steps of firstly, melting and additive manufacturing the cylindrical titanium alloy part in a laser selective area; designing an electrolysis tool which comprises an inner cathode and an outer cathode; step three, immersing the whole electrolytic tool in electrolyte; and step four, connecting the cylindrical part in the electrolysis tool with the anode of the direct current power supply, connecting the inner cathode with the cathode of the power supply, and finishing rough removal of the surface of the cylindrical titanium alloy part when no bubbles are generated at the inner cathode and the outer cathode. The method is simple to operate and low in labor intensity, and when the method is used for removing the rough surface of the cylindrical part formed by selective laser melting, the surface roughness can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining and manufacturing, and relates to a method for removing surface roughness of an additive cylindrical titanium alloy part.
Background
The selective laser melting and forming technology belongs to one of additive manufacturing technologies, and the forming process is based on a powder bed technology, and the forming of a complex component is realized by utilizing selective scanning and melting of laser micro light spots on the surface of a powder layer. At the edges of the scanned area of each layer, there is a significant amount of powder sticking to the side walls of the formed part due to the partial melting action of the powder, resulting in a surface roughness. After the part is formed, a post-treatment must be performed to remove surface roughness.
Conventional removal of surface roughness relies primarily on physical methods. Usually, the removal of large particles is realized by means of sand blasting and high-speed collision of high-hardness particles with rough surfaces of workpieces. And the smooth processing of the surface of the workpiece is realized by a mode of polishing by an electric brush, the labor intensity is high, the removal precision is low, and the environment is polluted.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for removing the surface roughness of an additive cylindrical titanium alloy component, which realizes the removal of the surface roughness of the cylindrical component by an electrolysis method.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a method for removing surface roughness of an additive cylindrical titanium alloy part comprises the following specific steps:
step one, melting and material increasing in a selective laser area to manufacture a cylindrical titanium alloy part, selecting a titanium alloy substrate, flatly paving titanium alloy powder on the substrate, scanning a powder layer in the enveloping range of the titanium alloy part through a laser beam, repeatedly paving the powder, repeatedly scanning, and realizing three-dimensional forming of the cylindrical part on the substrate layer by layer;
designing an electrolysis tool, wherein the electrolysis tool comprises an inner cathode and an outer cathode, the inner cathode and the outer cathode are cylindrical and are respectively arranged inside and outside the cylindrical component, and the inner cathode and the outer cathode are connected through a connecting wire to form the electrolysis tool;
step three, immersing the whole electrolytic tool in an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises 1-5% of hydrochloric acid by mass fraction, 5-10% of hydrofluoric acid by mass fraction, and the balance of distilled water; or the electrolyte comprises 3-5% of sulfuric acid, 5-15% of phosphoric acid and the balance of distilled water by mass fraction;
and step four, connecting the cylindrical part in the electrolysis tool with the anode of a direct current power supply, connecting the inner cathode with the cathode of the power supply, switching on the power supply with the voltage of 5-20V, discharging the tips of the rough part on the surface of the cylindrical part, allowing titanium ions and aluminum ions to enter the electrolyte, and finishing the rough removal of the surface of the cylindrical titanium alloy part when no bubbles are generated at the positions of the inner cathode and the outer cathode.
Further, in the first step, titanium alloy powder with the particle size of 30-53 microns is flatly paved on the substrate by using a scraper, the paving thickness is 40-60 microns, a laser beam with the laser spot diameter of 75-100 microns and the laser power of 200-400 watts is selected, and the powder layer in the enveloping range of the titanium alloy part is scanned.
Further, in the first step, a discretely distributed stress field is generated between the melting layer and the melting channel between the scanning melting channel and the melting channel.
Further, in the step one, the surface roughness of the titanium alloy part is 30-50 microns.
Furthermore, in the second step, the distance between the inner cathode, the outer cathode and the cylindrical part is 1-10 mm.
Furthermore, in the second step, the inner cathode, the outer cathode and the wiring are made of the same material, and are one of stainless steel, graphite, copper alloy and aluminum alloy.
Further, in the second step, the electrolysis tool is in a cylindrical or conical structure.
Further, in the fourth step, after the surface roughness of the cylindrical titanium alloy part is removed, the surface roughness is lower than 3.2 microns.
Further, in the fourth step, the electrolyte is continuously stirred by using a physical method.
Further, in the first step, the laser scanning direction between the two layers is rotated by 45 degrees to 67 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the method can be used for removing the surface roughness of the cylindrical part manufactured by selective laser melting and additive manufacturing, and can also be used for removing the surface roughness of the cylindrical part manufactured by direct laser deposition and additive manufacturing;
(2) the method is simple to operate and low in labor intensity, and when the method is used for removing the rough surface of the cylindrical part formed by selective laser melting, the surface roughness can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the electrolytic tooling of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A method for removing the surface roughness of an additive cylindrical titanium alloy part is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following specific steps:
step one, melting and material increasing in a selective laser area to manufacture a cylindrical titanium alloy part, flatly paving titanium alloy powder with the particle size of 30-53 microns on a substrate by using a scraper, wherein the thickness of a paved layer is 40-60 microns, selecting a laser beam with the laser spot diameter of 75-100 microns and the laser power of 200-400 watts, scanning a powder layer in the enveloping range of the titanium alloy part, scanning the powder layer in the enveloping range of the titanium alloy part by using the laser beam, repeatedly paving powder, repeatedly scanning, rotating the laser scanning direction between two layers by 45-67 degrees, realizing three-dimensional forming of the cylindrical part on the substrate layer by layer, and the surface roughness of the titanium alloy part is 30-50 microns; a discretely distributed stress field is generated between the melting layer and the melting channel between the scanning melting channel and the melting channel.
Designing an electrolysis tool, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, comprising an inner cathode 1 and an outer cathode 2, wherein the inner cathode 1 and the outer cathode 2 are both cylindrical and are respectively arranged inside and outside the cylindrical component, and the inner cathode 1 and the outer cathode are connected through a connecting wire 3 to form the electrolysis tool; the distance between the inner cathode 1, the outer cathode 2 and the cylindrical part 4 is 1-10 mm. The inner cathode 1, the outer cathode 2 and the wiring 3 are made of the same material and are made of one of stainless steel, graphite, copper alloy and aluminum alloy, and the electrolysis tool is of a cylindrical or conical structure.
Step three, immersing the whole electrolytic tool in an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises 1-5% of hydrochloric acid by mass fraction, 5-10% of hydrofluoric acid by mass fraction, and the balance of distilled water; or the electrolyte comprises 3-5% of sulfuric acid, 5-15% of phosphoric acid and the balance of distilled water by mass fraction;
and step four, connecting the cylindrical part in the electrolysis tool with the anode of a direct current power supply, connecting the inner cathode 1 with the cathode of the power supply, switching on the power supply with the voltage of 5-20V, discharging the tips of the rough part on the surface of the cylindrical part, allowing titanium ions and aluminum ions to enter the electrolyte, continuously stirring the electrolyte by using a physical method, and finishing the rough removal of the surface of the cylindrical titanium alloy part when no bubbles are generated at the inner cathode 1 and the outer cathode 2. And after the surface roughness of the cylindrical titanium alloy part is removed, the surface roughness is lower than 3.2 microns.
Examples
The method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining a TA15 titanium alloy electrolysis tool by selective laser melting, and using platinum force specific selection area laser melting forming equipment to realize the specific process, wherein the specific process comprises the steps of paving a layer of powder by using a scraper in a forming chamber filled with inert gas, selectively scanning and melting a TA15 titanium alloy powder layer by using high-energy laser beams to realize single-layer forming, controlling a substrate to descend after forming a layer, paving the powder again, repeating the laser scanning melting process and the powder paving process, and finally realizing the forming of a workpiece.
The surface treatment process comprises the following steps:
1) preparing an electrolyte, wherein the components comprise 5% of hydrochloric acid by mass fraction, 10% of hydrofluoric acid by mass fraction, and the balance of distilled water;
2) placing an electrolysis tool in the electrolyte;
3) respectively placing an inner cathode and an outer cathode inside and outside an electrolysis tool, and connecting the inner cathode and the outer cathode by using a connecting wire;
4) connecting the workpiece with the anode of a power supply, connecting the connecting wire with the cathode of the power supply, switching on the power supply, keeping the voltage at 20V, and switching off the power supply after electrifying for 10 min;
5) and (3) cleaning the electrolysis tool by using clear water to obtain a smooth workpiece, wherein the surface roughness is reduced from 35.2 micrometers to 2.5 micrometers before and after electrolysis as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 barrel part surface roughness before and after treatment
| Roughness of | |
| Inner wall of cartridge before treatment | 35.2 |
| Cartridge pre-treatment outer wall | 36.5 |
| Treated outer wall of cartridge | 2.5 |
| Treated inner wall of cylindrical part | 3.0 |
The invention relates to a method for removing surface roughness of a cylindrical component through electrolysis, which comprises an electrolysis tool, wherein the electrolysis tool is wrapped by an inner cathode and an outer cathode, and the inner cathode and the outer cathode are connected through a connecting wire. According to the invention, the electrolytic tool, the inner cathode and the outer cathode are immersed in the electrolyte, the connecting wire is connected with the cathode of the power supply, the electrolytic tool is connected with the anode, and the power supply is switched on to remove the roughness on the surface of the workpiece. The method can be used for removing the rough surface in selective laser melting additive manufacturing.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A method for removing surface roughness of an additive cylindrical titanium alloy part is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step one, melting and material increasing in a selective laser area to manufacture a cylindrical titanium alloy part, selecting a titanium alloy substrate, flatly paving titanium alloy powder on the substrate, scanning a powder layer in the enveloping range of the titanium alloy part through a laser beam, repeatedly paving the powder, repeatedly scanning, and realizing three-dimensional forming of the cylindrical part on the substrate layer by layer;
designing an electrolysis tool, wherein the electrolysis tool comprises an inner cathode (1) and an outer cathode (2), the inner cathode (1) and the outer cathode (2) are cylindrical and are respectively arranged inside and outside the cylindrical component, and the inner cathode (1) and the outer cathode are connected through a connecting wire to form the electrolysis tool;
step three, immersing the whole electrolytic tool in an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises 1-5% of hydrochloric acid by mass fraction, 5-10% of hydrofluoric acid by mass fraction, and the balance of distilled water; or the electrolyte comprises 3-5% of sulfuric acid, 5-15% of phosphoric acid and the balance of distilled water by mass fraction;
and fourthly, connecting the cylindrical part in the electrolytic tool with the anode of a direct-current power supply, connecting the inner cathode (1) with the cathode of the power supply, switching on the power supply with the voltage of 5-20V, discharging the tips of the rough parts on the surface of the cylindrical part, allowing titanium ions and aluminum ions to enter the electrolyte, and finishing the rough removal of the surface of the cylindrical titanium alloy part when no bubbles are generated at the inner cathode (1) and the outer cathode (2).
2. The method for removing the surface roughness of the additive cylindrical titanium alloy part according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, titanium alloy powder with the particle size of 30-53 microns is flatly spread on a substrate by a scraper, the thickness of the spread layer is 40-60 microns, a laser beam with the laser spot diameter of 75-100 microns and the laser power of 200-400 watts is selected, and the powder layer in the enveloping range of the titanium alloy part is scanned.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step one, a discretely distributed stress field is generated between the melting layer and the melting channel between the scanning melting channel and the melting channel.
4. The method for removing the surface roughness of the additive cylindrical titanium alloy part according to claim 1, wherein in the step one, the surface roughness of the titanium alloy part is 30-50 microns.
5. The method for removing the surface roughness of the additive cylindrical titanium alloy part according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the distance between the inner cathode (1), the outer cathode (2) and the cylindrical part is 1-10 mm.
6. The method for removing the surface roughness of the additive cylindrical titanium alloy part according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the inner cathode (1), the outer cathode (2) and the connecting wire are made of the same material, and the material is one of stainless steel, graphite, copper alloy and aluminum alloy.
7. The method for removing the surface roughness of the additive cylindrical titanium alloy part according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the electrolysis tool is of a cylindrical or conical structure.
8. The method for removing the surface roughness of the additive cylindrical titanium alloy part according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, after the surface roughness of the cylindrical titanium alloy part is removed, the surface roughness is lower than 3.2 microns.
9. The method for removing the surface roughness of the additive cylindrical titanium alloy part according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the electrolyte is continuously stirred by a physical method.
10. The method for removing surface roughness of an additive cylindrical titanium alloy component according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the laser scanning direction between two layers is rotated by 45 ° to 67 °.
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| CN108802076A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-13 | 黄淮学院 | A kind of electrolytic polishing method preparing pure titanium or titanium alloy EBSD samples |
| DE102017006205A1 (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, vertreten durch das Bundesamt für Ausrüstung, Informationstechnik und Nutzung der Bundeswehr | Method for smoothing a generatively manufactured component |
| CN109396434A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-03-01 | 上海材料研究所 | A method of titanium alloy component is prepared based on selective laser melting process |
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2019
- 2019-10-30 CN CN201911043386.3A patent/CN110976859A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201581151U (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2010-09-15 | 广州中国科学院工业技术研究院 | Electrochemical polishing treatment device for internal surface and external surface of metal workpiece |
| CN201648560U (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2010-11-24 | 薛红梅 | Screen frame electrolytic polishing tooling |
| EP2570595A1 (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-20 | Honeywell International Inc. | Methods for manufacturing components from articles formed by additive-manufacturing processes |
| CN105483433A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-04-13 | 毛培 | Rare earth titanium-alloy-doped material |
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